ON   THE 


SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY, 

(INTELLIGENCE,) 


-   SIMPLE  ELEMENT  OF  SOUL; 


SPIRIT  OF  LIFE  AND  ORIGIN  OF  SPECIES, 


AKD 


NATURAL  CAUSE  OF  THE  CONSTANCY  OF  EACH 
SPECIES  TO  ITS  TYPE. 


BY  JOHN   NELSON  SMITH. 


PHILADELPHIA : 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT   &   CO. 
1875. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1874,  by 

JOHN  NELSON  SMITH, 
In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


TO 

ULYSSES  S.  GRANT, 

PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

WITH  APPRECIATION  OF  THE  INDOMITABLE  SOLDIEB, 

EX  CAUTIOUS  STATESMAN,  AND  THE  MODEST  CITIZEN, 

THIS  WORK  IS 
KESPECTTULLY  DEDICATED 

BY  THE  AUTHOR. 


(3) 


CONTENTS. 


INTBODUCTION .-...., 9 

CHAPTER  I. 
FOBMS  AND  SOCIAL  HABITS  OF  SUNDRY  TYPES  AND  BACES....    40 

CHAPTER  II. 
THE  SOUL— ITS  STBUCTUBE  AND  MOVEMENT 49 

CHAPTER  III. 
ELEHENTABY  PBINCIPLES  OF  SOUL 67 

CHAPTER  IV. 
EMINENT  RELATIONS  BETWEEN  SUBSTANCE  AND  FOBCE 65 

CHAPTER  V. 
DEPABTMENT  OF  SOUND 75 

CHAPTER  VI. 
DEPABTMENT  OF  LIGHT 80 

CHAPTER  VII. 

FINITE  AND  INFINITE 85 

(7) 


8  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

Page. 

REMARKS  ON  INFINITUDE 103 

CHAPTER  IX. 
SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  SOUL,  SPIEIT  OF  INTELLIGENCE 112 

CHAPTER  X. 
SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  or  THE  FOECE  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH 128 

CHAPTER  XI. 

COMBINATION  OF  ELEMENTARY  FORCE  OF  GROWTH  EMPLOYED 
IN  THE  PEODUCTION  OF  SHELL-FISH 134 

CHAPTER  XII. 
PISCATORY  AND  SNACAN  FORCES  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH 142 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

EMBRACING  THE  FORCES  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH  EMPLOYED  IN 
THE  PRODUCTION  OF  WORMS  AND  INSECTS,  CALLED  ARTICU- 
LATES   152 

CHAPTER  XIV. 
FOWLS 158 

CHAPTER  XV. 
ELEMENTS  op  FOECE  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH— QUADRUPEDS 175 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

FORCE  OF  GEOWTH,  AS  AEEANGED  FOR  THE  PRODUCTION  op 
BIPEDS 198 


INTRODUCTION. 

In  the  books  which  have  come  under  our  obser- 
vation we  note  three  particular  references  to  the 
construction,  variety,  and  definition  of  soul:  One 
by  Moses,  one  by  Solomon,  and  one  by  Webster, 
each  of  which  we  shall  refer  to  in  its  proper  order. 

Webster  defines  it  to  be  "the  spiritual,  rational, 
and  immortal  part  in  man — life,  vital  principle ; 
that  part  of  man  which  enables  him  to  think,  and 
which  renders  him  a  subject  of  moral  government ; 
— sometimes,  in  distinction  from  the  higher  nature 
or  spirit  of  man,  the  so-called  animal  soul,  that 
is,  the  seat  of  life,  the  sensitive  affections  and  fan- 
tasy, exclusive  of  the  voluntary  and  rational  pow- 
er ; — sometimes,  in  distinction  from  the  mind,  the 
moral  and  emotional  part  of  man's  nature,  the 
seat  of  feeling,  in  distinction  from  intellect; — the 
understanding ;  the  seat  of  knowledge,  as  distin- 
guished from  feeling. ' ' 

Thus  Webster  makes  soul  the  embodiment,  es- 
sence, warp  and  woof,  of  that  which  gives  vitality  to 
man :  motive  power,  cause  of  development,  reason- 
ing capacity,  ideas,  judgment,  memory,  and  deter- 
mines the  course  of  his  actions,  directs  his  mode 
of  life,  and  constitutes  him  a  self-acting  institution. 

If  soul  does  this  for  man,  what  does  the  same 

9 


10  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

thing  for  other  animals,  even  fowls,  fish,  and  mo- 
nads? Yea,  verily,  every  living  creature  that  mov- 
eth  on  the  surface  of  the  earth  or  in  the  water  is 
a  self-moving,  self-sustaining  institution,  suscepti- 
ble of  pain ;  enjoys  pleasure ;  apparently  reasons 
from  cause  to  effect ;  are  sometimes  in  a  good  humor, 
sometimes  very  angry ;  play,  fight,  and  roam  where 
they  list;  come  at  the  call  of  man,  and  go  at  his 
bidding ;  and  have  ideas,  judgment,  and  memory ; 
propagate  their  species  by  pairs  through  copula- 
tion ;  are  nourished  through  infancy  by  their  pa- 
rents, till  they  are  capable  of  seeking  their  own 
food,  when  they  go  out  and  provide  for  themselves, 
till  the  body  is  rendered  useless  by  age,  disease, 
or  vital  injury,  when  they  die: — and  what  more 
does  man  do? 

Still,  we  are  gravely  told  by  sages,  theologians, 
parents,  and  teachers,  that  one  is  the  work  of  an 
immortal  soul,  and  the  other  of  a  mortal  instinct. 
What  is  instinct? 

One  author  defines  it  to  be,  "urged  or  stimu- 
lated from  within  to  do  what  the  most  perfect  rea- 
son would  do ;  moved,  animated,  excited." 

If  instinct  does  what  the  most  perfect  reason 
would  do,  why  not  call  it  reason?  If  that  princi- 
ple which  causes  a  beast  to  perform  its  work  of  life 
with  greater  perfection  than  man  does  his  is  mor- 
tal,  why  is  that  principle  which  causes  man  to 
perform  his  work  less  perfect  immortal? 

If  the  work  of  a  beast,  which  is  voluntarily 


INTRODUCTION.  11 

prompted  by  a  will  produced  in  his  own  mind  by 
a  desire  of  gain,  which  his  judgment  tells  him  will 
supply  his  wants,  is  instinct,  by  what  other  proc- 
ess is  the  work  of  man  performed? 

Does  man  have  any  instructor  but  his  own  soul, 
any  teacher  but  the  spirit  which  God  gave  him? 
Did  not  he  commence  his  work  of  civilization  just 
as  voluntarily  as  the  beaver  builds  his  dam  and 
substantial  habitation,  the  fowl  its  nest,  or  the  bee 
inakes  honey? 

If  one  is  instinct,  why  is  not  the  other?  If  one 
is  reason,  why  should  not  the  other  be  called  by 
the  same  name ;  as  the  only  visible  difference  is 
that  each  species  of  animal  does  a  work  peculiar 
to  itself,  and  is  confined  to  a  circle  of  greater  or 
less  degrees,  and  each  enjoys  itself  in  a  mode  of 
life  more  or  less  disgusting  to  every  other. 

As  man  is  begotten  and  born,  so  are  all  other 
animals,  and  the  vital  functions  of  life  are  all  per- 
formed in  the  same  mysterious  manner,  and  each 
supplies  itself  with  food  through  life,  and  all  die  in 
the  same  manner :  then  why  should  one  be  immor- 
tal, and  all  the  others  mortal;  one  prompted  by 
reason,  and  the  others  by  instinct? 

Oh,  says  the  reader,  you  ask  so  many  questions 
all  in  a  string,  that  they  become  very  perplexing, 
and  it  is  doubtful  whether  you  can  answer  them 
all  yourself  satisfactorily. 

Yes,  we  are  aware  that  these  have,  in  times 
past,  been  very  perplexing  questions :  not  so  much 


12  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

from  their  abstruseness  as  from  the  imperfections 
and  follies  of  man  himself — even  that  pertness 
which  causes  him  to  rise  to  the  surface,  like  a  gas 
bubble,  and  pop  off  in  a  squib  of  ridicule  at  every- 
thing which  he  does  not  fully  understand ; — that 
pompous,  don't-come-near-me  feeling  which 
prompts  the  expression,  "stand  off,  I  am  more  holy 
than  thou;" — that  exclusiveness  which  secretes 
him  in  a  hermit's  cell  and  isolates  the  paterfamilias 
in  the  midst  of  a  city; — that  clannish  spirit  which 
prevents  the  Jew  from  marrying  with  any  but  a 
true  descendant  of  Israel,  the  Orangeman  from 
associating  with  a  Catholic,  the  lord  with  a  peas- 
ant, or  pagan  with  Christian; — that  fanaticism 
which  leads  every  sectarian  to  believe  that  his 
Church  is  the  only  door  through  which  any  man 
can  possibly  enter  heaven  ; — that  blind  zeal  which 
convinces  every  bigot  that  the  political  institutions 
under  which  he  lives  are  the  best  form  of  govern- 
ment that  can  be  instituted  among  men; — 

In  short,  that  microscopic  view  of  things  in 
general,  that  ignorance  of  surrounding  elements, 
which  caused  the  universal  belief  only  a  few  cen- 
turies ago  that  the  earth  was  flat  and  stationary  as 
a  house  on  a  plain,  and  that  the  sun,  moon,  and 
stars  all  moved  around  it ;  the  Chinese,  that  they 
are  celestials,  and  all  the  other  nations  are  barba- 
rians ;  the  Jews,  that  they  are  the  favored  people 
of  God,  and  all  other  people  rejected  Gentiles; 
Christians  certain  that  pagans,  Jews,  and  Moham- 


INTRODUCTION.  13 

medans  are  all  doomed  to  eternal  burning ;  and 
has  caused  the  whole  family  of  man  to  consign 
every  other  species  of  animal  to  annihilation. 

Each  individual,  confining  his  observation  to  a 
superficial  comparison,  exclaims,  the  whole  ani- 
mal kingdom  was  made  for  my  use,  ("see  man 
for  mine,  replies  a  pampered  goose;")  yes,  all  of 
you  are  created  expressly  to  prepare  milk  and  hon- 
ey and  meat  for  my  table,  (see  man  for  ours,  replies 
a  pack  of  wolves,)  material  for  my  clothing,  and  a 
propelling  power  for  my  person,  (see  man  for  mine, 
says  a  flea.) 

You  groveling  beasts  have  no  souls,  minds,  or 
sensibility,  and  your  ideas  I  will  beat  out  of  you, 
unless  they  correspond  exactly  with  mine.  Your 
wants  and  enjoyments  are  not  entitled  to  the  least 
consideration. 

You  are  my  tools,  which  I  will  use  at  my  con- 
venience, and  then  expose  you  to  cold  and  starva- 
tion. You  are  my  machine,  that  I  will  use  to  till 
and  reap  and  fill  my  garners,  and  then  let  you 
die  of  starvation  in  the  winter. 

Shiver  in  the  pelting  storm,  do  you?  Don't 
tell  me  you  suffer.  Don't  look  piteously  about 
my  garners,  which  you  have  rendered  such  good 
service  in  filling.  Don't  tell  me  that  hunger 
gnaws  you,  or  the  cutting  wind  drives  a  pang  to 
thy  mind.  I  don't  believe  you  can  suffer.  You 
are  only  a  kind  of  self-propelling  V-I-T-A-L — 
an  instinct,  that's  what  you  are — animal  instinct; 


14  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

a  poor  dumb  brute.  You  have  no  soul.  I  will  let 
you  live  as  long  as  you  will  work  for  me  and  feed 
upon  the  wind.  I  am  man,  the  lord  and  proprie- 
tor of  the  earth  and  all  that  is  on  it,  (and  I 
of  the  plains  and  all  that  is  on  them,  says  the 
lion,  and  seizes  the  boasting  hero,  and  bears  his 
mangled  carcass  away  to  his  den,  and  divides  it 
among  his  whelps.) 

Many  even  doubt  the  existence  of  a  God,  and 
consider  themselves  the  highest  order  of  intelli- 
gences ;  look  upon  the  laws  of  nature  as  an  incom- 
prehensible self-existent  dummy,  without  sensi- 
bility ;  and  so-called  philosophers  and  theologians 
have  invented  myriads  of  absurd  theories  on  every 
subject,  which  are  constantly  leading  their  minds 
and  pursuits  away  from  the  truths  which,  if  un- 
derstood, would  contribute  most  to  man's  felicity. 

Is  it  strange  then  that,  amid  this  fog  of  per- 
plexity concerning  all  terrestrial  things,  the  phe- 
nomenon of  soul  should  be  a  very  perplexing 
question,  and  but  little  understood  ?  Even  Solo- 
mon, who  by  common  consent  has  been  placed  at 
the  head  of  the  wise  men  of  his  age — a  potent 
king,  sagacious  judge,  and  instructive  preacher — 
was  so  perplexed  by  it  that  he  finally  pushed 
through  the  fog,  made  a  thorough  examination 
of  it,  and  inscribed  the  following  sage  opinion  in 
the  poetic  language  of  the  Preacher.  (Ecclesi- 
astes,  iii  :  17-22:) 

"I   said   in   my  heart,   God   shall  judge  the 


INTRODUCTION.  15 

righteous  and  the  wicked :  for  there  is  a  time 
there  for  every  purpose  and  for  every  work. 

"  I  said  in  my  heart  concerning  the  estate  of 
the  sons  of  men,  that  God  might  manifest  them, 
and  that  they  might  see  that  they  themselves  are 
beasts. 

"  For  that  which  befalleth  the  sons  of  men 
befalleth  beasts  ;  even  one  thing  befalleth  them : 
as  the  one  dieth,  so  dieth  the  other;  yea,  they 
have  all  one  breath ;  so  that  a  man  hath  no  pre- 
eminence above  a  beast :  for  all  is  vanity. 

"All  go  unto  one  place ;  all  are  of  the  dust,  and 
all  turn  to  dust  again. 

"Who  knoweth  the  spirit  of  man  that  goeth 
upward,  and  the  spirit  of  the  beast  that  goeth 
downward  to  the  earth? 

"Wherefore  I  perceive  that  there  is  nothing 
better,  than  that  a  man  should  rejoice  in  his  own 
works;  for  that  is  his  portion:  for  who  shall 
bring  him  to  see  what  shall  be  after  him?" 

We  think  if  Solomon  had  transposed  that  poetic 
effusion,  and  written  it  out  himself  in  plain  prose, 
it  would  have  run  in  this  wise: 

I  have  considered  the  phenomenon  of  animal 
life,  and  have  discovered  that  the  moving  principle 
of  each  living  creature  is  an  immortal  spirit,  for- 
ever retaining  its  personal  identity,  all  of  the  same 
species  being  of  the  same  quality.  Consequently 
they  adopt  the  same  habit  of  life,  cleave  to  each 
other  for  social  enjoyment,  and  propagate  a  holy 


16  SCIENCE  OP  SENSIBILITY. 

seed,  so  that  their  generations  roll  on  unamalga- 
mated,  each  performing  its  own  work  in  perpetual 
routine,  each  having  a  certain  power  of  action,  hy 
which  its  movements  are  directed  and  habits  of 
life  formed,  fixed,  and  determined.  Therefore  let 
man  rejoice  in  the  work  of  his  own  hand,  for  that 
is  his  portion,  and  glorify  God,  with  the  great 
capacity  which  he  has  given  him,  in  as  subordi- 
nate a  manner  as  other  animals  do  with  their 
small  capacity. 

But,  says  the  reader,  what  difference  does  it 
make  to  me  whether  a  beast  has  a  soul  or  not? 
It  won't  add  to  my  pelf,  acres,  or  garner.  I  don't 
see  anything  in  it  that  is  going  to  pay  me  for  the 
trouble  of  the  investigation.  We  answer,  go  up 
with  us  through  that  opening  in  the  fog  which 
Solomon's  truth  hath  made,  keep  your  eyes  and 
ears  open,  and  you  will  discover  that  the  most 
portentous  storm  is  now  gathering  in  the  clouds 
that  lower  about  this  very  question  which  has 
ever  burst  upon  the  world  since  the  Deluge ;  and 
unless  the  lusts  of  mankind  and  present  tendencies 
of  political  events  are  changed,  we  shall  soon  have 
no  pelf  to  add  to,  no  garners  to  fill,  no  civilization 
to  rejoice  in;  and  that  a  thorough  understanding 
of  this  question  is  the  most  important  subject  for 
consideration  of  this  political  decade. 

But  in  attempting  to  work  our  way  through 
the  cobwebs  of  false  theories  and  fog  of  skepticism 
into  the  sunny  regions  of  truth,  which  the  truth 


INTRODUCTION.  17 

of  Solomon  gave  a  faint  glimpse  of,  the  first  ob- 
stacle we  meet  with  is  an  opinion,  prevailing  to  a 
considerable  extent,  that  the  idea  of  soul  is  a 
delusion — a  will-o'-the-wisp — that  exists  only  in 
imagination. 

Having  discovered  the  fact  that  man  is  only 
the  head  link  in  the  great  chain  of  animal  life, 
rather  than  stem  the  current  of  universal  un- 
belief in  the  immortality  of  beasts,  timorous 
investigators  give  up  their  own  immortality  rather 
than  attempt  to  maintain  the  immortality  of 
other  animals,  which  manifest  the  same  evi- 
dence of  it  that  man  does,  and  so  drop  the  whole 
mass  of  animal  life  into  oblivion :  and  still  those 
same  men  know  and  acknowledge  that  no  particle 
of  any  substance  whatever  can  be  annihilated, 
whether  found  in  the  materials  which  compose 
the  earth,  water,  or  gases;  electricity,  light,  or 
polar  attraction ;  gravity,  crystallization ,  centripe- 
tal or  centrifugal  forces — yea,  verily,  that  no  sub- 
stance, ponderable  or  imponderable,  can  ever 
change  its  nature  in  the  slightest  degree;  and 
that  whatever  does  exist  in  any  inanimate  form 
is  eternal.  Still  they  tell  us  that  that  principle, 
which  is  the  prompter  of  sensibility,  the  con- 
structor of  all  vegetable  specimens,  and  the  maker 
of  every  specimen  of  animate  carcass — the  only 
thing  in  nature  which  is  endowed  with  intelli- 
gence, and  is  capable  of  appreciating  the  splendor 
of  colors,  harmony  of  sound,  and  of  rejoicing  in 
2  B* 


18  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

its  own  existence,  and  of  signing  hosannas  to  its 
creator — is  only  an  imaginary  phantom:  in  fact 
has  no  existence  at  all.  And  still  they  know  that 
without  it  there  could  he  no  imagination  of  a 
phantom  or  anything  else.  If  its  existence  is  ac- 
knowledged at  all,  then  the  proof  that  it  can  cease 
to  exist  devolves  upon  them,  which  is  impossible. 

Some  master-minds  become  so  elated  with  their 
discoveries  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  that,  looking 
down  from  the  eminence  to  which  they  have 
climbed  over  the  mass  of  mankind  and  other  ani- 
mals, which  at  so  great  a  height  seem  an  indis- 
criminate mass  of  animal  life,  between  which  they 
can  make  no  immortal  distinction,  they  come  to 
the  conclusion  that  they  are  all  a  mortal  set  of 
muck-worms — mere  animated  dust.  Then,  rais- 
ing their  eyes  and  gazing  around  them  upward 
and  downward  for  God,  but  cannot  see  him, — 
stretch  out  their  arms  into  space,  and  hook  and 
claw  with  their  fingers,  but  cannot  feel  him, — they 
come  to  the  conclusion  there  is  none:  like  the 
great  Compte,  who,  after  elaborating  a  masterly 
analysis  of  the  sciences,  and  placing  himself  at 
the  head  of  the  scientific  men  of  France,  exclaimed, 
"I  can  find  no  spirituality  of  the  universe;  no 
soul  in  man." 

Still,  show  him  a  well-regulated  watch,  and  he 
would  swear  it  had  a  maker;  a  moving  steam- 
ship, and  he  will  protest  some  man  constructed 
it  and  superintended  every  movement.  Bring  him 


INTRODUCTION.  19 

into  a  telegraph  office,  and  he  will  say  the  mes- 
sages are  conveyed  by  the  galvanic  force,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  will  of  man,  which  he  knows 
no  more  about  than  he  does  about  the  attributes 
of  Deity. 

The  inventor  of  the  telegraph  he  has  never  seen, 
nor  the  builder  of  the  ship,  nor  the  maker  of  the 
watch,  neither  does  he  know  the  time  or  mode  of 
their  construction  ;  would  not  pretend  to  say  that 
he  could  make  either  of  them:  still  he  believes 
and  acknowledges  that  they  had  an  intelligent 
maker. 

But  when  he  looks  at  the  heavenly  bodies,  and 
sees  their  magnitude  and  wonderful  movement,  in 
the  most  perfect  harmony,  throughout  the  immens- 
ity of  space, — each  planet  careering  through  its 
orbit  and  accomplishing  its  destined  circuit  with 
a  precision  so  nicely  adjusted  that  an  astronomer 
can  calculate  the  exact  time  and  size  of  an  eclipse 
for  years  ahead,  and  the  whole  grand  machinery 
of  the  planetary  system,  spread  out  through  infi- 
nite space,  all  governed  and  controlled  by  one 
infinite  mind  in  a  harmonious,  uniform  movement, 
without  variation  or  shade  of  change  in  procession, 
between  which  and  any  machinery  which  man 
has  ever  organized  the  comparison  sinks  man's 
best  effort  to  a  rickety  mechanical  abortion,  a"h 
unseemly  wreck  of  discord,  mostly  out  of  order, — 
a  finite  machinery  of  disappointment,  disaster, 
and  death  to  its  maker  and  those  who  use  it, — he 


20  SCIENCE  OP  SENSIBILITY. 

exclaims,  "All  chance;  no  design  in  its  arrange- 
ment ;  no  intelligent  condition  of  its  movement ; 
no  architect  of  its  sublime  plan ;  no  builder  of  the 
structure  by  the  prepared  model!" 

But  in  the  getting  up  of  the  steamship  Great 
Eastern  he  sees  an  architect  so  eminent  that  a 
monument  should  be  built  to  his  memory,  and  build- 
ers so  skillful  that  they  are  worthy  of  all  praise 
and  honorable  medals ;  and  he  is  ready  to  bend  the 
knee  and  bow  in  homage  to  the  substantial  men 
of  capital  who  had  the  courage  to  furnish  the  vast 
sums  of  money  required  in  the  experiment. 

But  when  asked  to  bow  in  homage  to  the  infinite 
architect  who  planned  and  constructed  the  uni- 
verse, and  controls  the  whole  planetary  system 
with  a  fiat  of  harmonious  order  that  is  never  bro- 
ken, he  shrugs  his  shoulders,  elevates  his  eyebrows, 
and  with  curled  lip  sarcastically  answers,  "Sir,  I 
don't  see  him;  an  infinite  intelligence  of  omnipo- 
tent creative  powers  is  impossible.  The  intelligence 
which  I  see  about  me  is  all  that  I  can  possibly  be- 
lieve in,  and  that  extends  not  beyond  the  dissolu- 
tion of  this  body.  Death  makes  an  end  of  joy  and 
sorrow,  pain  and  pleasure;  indeed,  sir,  the  sun, 
moon,  and  stars  must  have  constructed  themselves, 
and  marched  into  mechanical  order  without  any 
rational  design,  and  still  pursue  their  routine  of 
movement  without  any  directing  hand ; — all  blind 
chance." 

What  inconsistency  I  Why  should  not  the  steam- 


INTRODUCTION.    '  21 

ship  Great  Eastern  have  constructed  itself,  and 
taken  up  its  transit  between  Liverpool  and  New 
York  for  the  benefit  of  commerce  by  the  same 
chance — know-nothingism — that  the  moon  created 
itself  and  took  up  its  regular  circuit  around  the 
earth  for  the  benefit  of  night  pedestrians?  This 
egotistic  so-called  scientific  professor  never  saw 
the  architect  of  the  steamship  Great  Eastern ;  still 
he  believes  in  him  because  he  has  seen  his  works, 
but  denies  the  existence  of  the  Infinite  Architect 
who  orders  all  the  courses  of  nature,  and  of 
whose  creative  genius  he  himself  is  a  living  demon- 
stration, and  cannot  open  his  eyes  without  seeing 
myriads  of  his  works. 

Oh,  vain  man,  who  to  make  a  god  of  himself 
would  dethrone  Deity,  and  ignorantly  proclaims 
that  what  he  cannot  make,  made  itself  by  a  chance 
blunder  of  know-nothingism ! 

Another  stumbling-block  which  has  been  rolled 
into  the  straight  and  narrow  path  of  truth  is  in- 
telligibly condensed  and  presented  to  the  mind  in 
the  following  stanzas  of  a  poem  by  J.  G.  Severance, 
Esq.,  of  Sacramento,  California: 

"Progressing  still,  the  latter,  fecund  earth, 
Brought  forth  the  sterile  plants  of  baby  birth, 
As  incubated  eggs  produce ;  and  these 
Bred  grass  and  herbage,  flowering  shrubs  and  trees, 
With  trunks  and  limbs,  and  leafy  lungs  for  breath, 
The  vital  heart,  and  germs  of  life  and  death. 
There  is  a  plant,  the  botanists  have  found, 
Which,  though  adhering  to  its  parent  ground 


22  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

More  perfect  than  mimosa,  yet  seems  rife 

With  a  distinctive,  animated  life: 

In  the  progressive  chain,  this  is  the  link 

Connecting  earth  with  particles  that  think ; 

For  slight  advancement  makes  these  plants  to  be 

Perambulating  animalcule. 

These  turn  to  insects,  they  to  reptiles  grow, 

Still  groveling  on  the  earth,  with  movement  slow, 

Till  time's  improvement  lifts  them  from  the  sod 

And  makes  them  higher,  nobler,  more  like  God. 

Instinctive  beasts  then  follow  in  their  course, 

The  lower  order  first,  and  then  the  horse 

And  dog,  sagacious,  capable  of  thought, 

Of  hate  and  friendship,  and  of  being  taught; 

The  monkey  then,  half  human  and  half  beast, 

Then  they,  of  all  who  walk  upright  the  best, 

A  race  with  tails,  on  Afric's  southern  coast, 

O'er  whom  the  negro  slight  advance  can  boast; 

On  through  the  Indian  we  the  lineage  trace, 

Of  the  reflective,  pure,  Caucasian  race." 

Thus  these  metaphysical  paradox  weavers  all 
admit,  in  some  one  form  or  another,  that  this  ig- 
norant form  of  nature  was  not  content  in  his  ignor- 
ance, but  has  been  eternally  striving  to  manifest 
some  degree  of  intelligence,  in  order  that  he  might 
have  a  little  joy  in  his  existence,  and  for  this  pur- 
pose, at  some  unknown  period,  millions  of  millions 
of  years  ago,  developed  himself  into  an  intelligent 
plant  with  a  sensible  blossom,  out  of  which  sprout- 
ed a  worm,  and  that  in  that  form  he  crawled  and 
wriggled  and  transmuted  for  a  million  or  two  of 
years,  till  he  finally  developed  himself  into  the 
highest  specimen  of  a  serpentine  boa  constrictor, 


INTRODUCTION.  23 

•which  actually  knew  enough  to  lie  in  ambush  when 
it  was  hungry,  and  seize  some  victim  of  less  di- 
mensions than  itself  and  devour  it  for  food. 

Thus  their  god  of  infinite  ignorance  crawled 
and  wriggled  in  the  form  of  worms,  snakes,  liz- 
ards, terrapins,  and  alligators  for  ever  so  many 
millions  of  years,  till  he  finally  manifested  the 
intelligence  of  a  four-legged  beast,  when  he  fed 
upon  grass  and  herbage  for  millions  of  years,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  transmuted  and  changed  till 
he  finally  got  a  sufficient  amount  of  jaw-bone, 
tusks,  and  grinders,  and  strength  of  muscle  to  en- 
able him  to  commence  feeding  upon  himself  in  a 
more  groveling  state,  by  which  means  he  was  able 
to  make  greater  progress,  and  in  a  few  millions  of 
years  actually  developed  into  the  form  and  with 
the  intelligence  of  a  devouring  lion,  tiger,  and  a 
multitude  of  cannibal  beasts. 

Not  content  with  that  development  of  irresisti- 
ble animal  strength  and  devouring  intelligence, 
he  determined  to  part  with  a  portion  of  his  legs 
and  muscle,  and  strive  to  compensate  himself 
therefor  by  an  increase  of  brain  and  intellect.  So 
he  tried  another  transmutation,  and  in  the  course 
of  a  million  or  two  of  years  made  his  bow  to  the 
world  in  the  form  of  a  monkey,  with  a  tolerable 
pair  of  hands.  And  in  the  course  of  a  billion  or 
two  of  succeeding  years'  diligent  striving,  by  sun- 
dry transmutations  and  patient  groveling  in  the 
form  of  baboons,  gorillas,  orang  outangs,  chim- 


24  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

panzees,  bushmen,  caudal  negroes  and  negroes 
proper,  Esquimaux,  Navajo  and  Digger  Indians, 
he  at  last  proclaimed  himself  sovereign  ruler  of 
himself,  as  demonstrated  in  every  other  form  of 
the  animal  kingdom,  in  the  form  of  a  man,  with 
sufficient  intelligence,  tact,  and  strategy  to  devour 
them  all,  even  the  lion ;  but  had  no  more  idea  of 
the  laws  of  nature  or  the  manner  in  which  he  had 
created  all  things — not  even  himself  in  the  form, 
of  a  man — than  a  tree  or  vegetable.  He  even 
believed  for  millions  of  years  that  the  earth  was 
flat  and  stationary,  and  that  the  whole  planetary 
system  revolved  around  it:  and  this,  we  are 
gravel)7"  told,  is  the  highest  order  of  intelligence 
that  God  has  been  able  to  manifest  himself  in. 

What  a  god  to  worship.  What  a  strange  jum- 
ble of  inconsistent  contradictions.  The  creator  of 
all  things,  in  the  very  highest  condition  of  intel- 
ligence and  broadest  sphere  of  knowledge  of  the 
past,  present,  and  future  in  which  he  has  ever 
been  able  to  manifest  himself,  has  not  the  least 
idea  of  how  all  tilings  were  created  !  Notwith- 
standing he  himself  has  done  it,  he  has  not  the 
slightest  knowledge  of  model,  mode,  or  means. 
Still  these  dogmatists  tell  us  that  the  only  intelli- 
gence which  Grod  hath  is  demonstrated  in  the  do- 
ings of  this  infinite  multitude  of  cannibal  beasts, 
of  which  man  is  chief:  for  he  kills  for  the  pleasure 
of  killing,  and  leaves  the  carcasses  to  rot  and 
stink  on  the  face  of  the  earth  out  of  pure  deviltry, 


INTRODUCTION.  25 

while  every  other  carnivorous  beast  kills  only  for 
food;  and  when  his  hunger  is  satisfied,  he  dwells 
in  peace  with  them  till  hunger  demands  another 
victim. 

The  above  theory  had  its  origin  in  the  minds 
of  men. assuming  to  be  gods  at  a  very  early  day 
in  the  doings  of  the  family  of  man;  for  the  very 
first  pages  of  African  and  European  history  in- 
form us  that  it  was  the  religion  of  the  ruling 
dynasties  of  both  these  continents,  "the  Israelites 
excepted,"  down  to  the  decade  when  Constantino 
became  a  convert  to  Christianity,  and  proclaimed 
to  the  world  his  belief  in  the  personal,  omnipotent 
God  of  high  heaven,  who  through  infinite  wis- 
dom had  created  all  things,  and  controls  universal 
nature  by  his  irresistible  fiat,  and  that  he  also 
believed  that  Christ  Jesus  of  Nazareth  was  his 
only  begotten  son,  before  whose  name  every  ruling 
dynasty  tumbled  down  and  broke  off  their  pagan 
head  of  graven  image  devotion,  as  Dagon  fell 
down  before  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  God  which 
Moses  had  made.  So  that  for  over  a  thousand 
years  the  ruling  dynasties  of  both  these  continents 
have  been  worshipers  of  Abraham's  God,  have 
prayed  to  him  as  Abraham  prayed  to  him,  ap- 
pointed thanksgiving  days  and  given  thanks  as 
David,  the  sacred  poet  of  Israel,  did,  and  the 
daily  sacrifice  to  a  beastly  devouring  god  has  long 
been  abolished. 

Much  prejudice  exists  among  so-called  Christ- 


26  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

ians  against  Mohammed.  But  his  declaration 
stands  recorded  in  the  Koran  in  the  plainest  and 
most  positive  language,  that  Christ  was  the  begot- 
ten Son  of  God  by  an  immaculate  conception,  and 
all  of  his  followers  are  the  most  devout  worship- 
ers of  Abraham's  God,  and  they  themselves  are 
the  seed  of  Abraham. 

Abraham's  idea  of  God  was  identical  with  that 
faith  which  instigated  Noah  to  build  the  ark  and 
made  a  preacher  of  righteousness  of  him  for  three 
hundred  years  after  the  flood,  from  whose  own 
lips  Abraham  received  the  sacred  truths :  for  the 
records  show  that  Abraham  was  fifty-six  years  old 
when  Noah  died,  and  during  that  three  hundred 
years  Noah  fixed  the  same  faith  and  idea  of  the 
same  personal,  intelligent,  Holy  God,  of  infinite 
goodness,  so  firmly  in  the  posterity  of  Shem, 
Avho  settled  Asia,  that  their  ruling  dynasties  have 
never  departed  from  it;  which  is  the  cause  of  the 
stability  of  their  government.  So  that  for  over  a 
thousand  years  the  entire  families,  kindreds, 
tongues,  and  nations  of  men  have  been  governed 
by  ruling  dynasties  who  believed  in  the  God  of 
Noah  and  of  Abraham. 

When  Ham,  whose  posterity  peopled  Africa,  and 
Japheth,  whose  posterity  peopled  Europe,  conspired 
and  rebelled  against  the  rule  and  government  of 
their  father  and  elder  brother,  they  rebelled  also 
against  their  God,  and  denounced  the  high  God 
of  heaven,  and  proclaimed  an  endless  see  of  beastly 


INTRODUCTION.  27 

deity, ' '  which  lives  through  all  life,  extends  through 
all  extent,  spreads  undivided,  operates  unspent," 
the  highest  order  of  intelligence  discernible  in 
which  was  that  of  a  devouring  beast,  which  they 
called  father ;  and  as  they  believed  granite  was  the 
base  of  earthly  formation,  that  was  the  matrix  in 
which  they  had  been  begotten  and  brought  forth, 
as  it  is  described  in  the  above  poem,  by  a  vegetat- 
ing, crawling,  wriggling,  serpentine  process  ;  hence 
the  worship  of  granite  images  of  serpents,  beasts, 
and  apes  in  the  olden  time.  Even  Alexander 
claimed  to  have  been  begotten  by  the  god  of  war 
Jupiter,  in  the  form  of  a  serpent,  which  was  seen 
to  glide  from  his  mother's  bed  about  the  time  of 
his  conception.  Thus  those  pagan  worshipers  of 
a  serpentine,  devouring,  beastly  god  of  war,  car- 
nage, and  devastation,  claimed  it  as  their  father 
and  granite  as  their  mother. 

Under  this  pagan  hallucination  the  sacrificing 
of  men,  women,  and  children,  to  appease  the  an- 
ger of  those  terrible  gods,  in  the  most  excruciat- 
ing, diabolical  manner,  repugnant  to  every  human 
sympathy,  was  practiced.  They  even  caused  their 
children,  in  groups,  to  pass  through  fire  of  such 
intense  heat  that  many  died  in  the  flames,  and  all 
suffered  the  most  intense  torture,  to  appease  the 
god  of  fire,  that  their  houses  and  crops  might  not 
be  burned. 

That  terrible  superstition  dragged  them  down 
to  the  darkest  ages  of  barbarism,  in  which  every 


28  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

man  who  had  sufficient  family  influence  and  per- 
sonal stamina  to  form  a  ring  set  himself  up  as 
king,  and  war,  plunder,  and  devastation  were  the 
order  of  the  day ;  and  even  as  early  as  the  epoch 
when  Joshua  established  the  nationality  of  the  Is- 
raelites in  the  land  of  Canaan,  there  were  as  many 
petty  kingdoms  in  it  as  there  are  swarms  of  bees 
in  an  apiary,  all  of  which  were  in  perpetual  war- 
fare with  each  other,  and  each  had  selected  some 
one  of  the  beastly  deities  for  their  god,  and  went 
to  war  and  battled  in  his  name,  and  when  they 
were  defeated,  attributed  it  to  his  anger,  and  sac- 
rificed their  children  to  appease  him.  So  also  when 
the  Philistines  took  the  ark  of  the  covenant,  the 
supposed  sanctuary  of  Israel's  God,  from  them  in 
battle,  they  attributed  it  to  the  mastery  of  their 
god  over  Israel's  God,  and  carried  it  home  and  set 
it  in  the  temple  of  their  god  Dagon,  that  he  might 
rejoice  over  his  conquered  foe  in  his  own  temple. 
But  the  next  morning  their  priest,  on  entering  the 
temple  to  worship,  found  Dagon  prostrate  before 
the  ark,  and  gave  the  alarm  in  great  consternation, 
and  Dagon  was  again  set  up  and  propped  with 
extra  braces,  and  behold,  the  following  morning 
he  had  fallen  again,  and  broken  oif  his  head  across 
the  door  sill,  and  in  great  consternation  they  sent 
the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  people  of  Israel  with 
their  God,  even  the  sanctuary  which  contained  the 
tables  of  stone  on  which  God  himself  had  written 
the  law  by  which  they  executed  judgment  among 


INTRODUCTION.  29 

the  people,  back  to  them,  lest  he  should  destroy 
them  as  he  had  their  god. 

We  presume  there  is  not  a  reader  of  this  work 
but  does  believe  and  will  acknowledge  that  there 
is  a  force  in  nature  that  can  shake  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada mountains,  with  half  the  American  continent, 
till  the  inhabitants  thereof  quake  with  fear— cities 
shaken  down,  hamlets  destroyed,  and  thousands 
of  people  buried  in  the  ruins.  But  when  they 
read  the  above  paragraph  of  Jewish  history,  that 
the  controller  of  said  force  did  shake  down  the 
granite  graven  image  of  Dagon,  they  shrug  their 
shoulders  and  cry  bosh,  only  a  Jewish  fable !  Why 
should  God  put  himself  to  the  trouble  of  shaking 
down  a  heathen  idol?  Answer:  For  the  same 
reason  that  he  should  trouble  himself  to  destroy 
the  ruling  dynasties  who  worshiped  those  devour- 
ing beastly  gods  which  the  graven  images  repre- 
sented, that  the  daily  sacrifice  of  innocent  people 
might  be  stopped. 

There  is  not  one  of  the  readers  of  this  work  but 
will  admit  there  is  a  force  in  nature  that  did  roll 
back  the  sea  from  the  Island  of  St.  John  till  the 
bottom  of  it  was  left  dry  for  miles,  and  then  return- 
ed it  with  a  tidal  wave  that  destroyed  ships,  sub- 
merged cities,  and  destroyed  people.  But  when 
they  read  in  the  Jewish  history  that  the  Bed  Sea 
was  divided  and  the  Israelites  passed  through  it 
dry-shod,  and  that  Pharaoh  and  his  army,  in  at- 
tempting to  follow  were  submerged,  overwhelmed, 


30  SCIENCE  OP  SENSIBILITY. 

and  destroyed,  many  will  say,  too,  why  should 
God  trouble  himself  about  the  Israelites  or  Pha- 
raoh's army?  Answer  :  That  the  faith  of  Noah 
in*  a  God  of  infinite  intelligence,  love,  mercy,  and 
goodness  might  be  carried  into  Africa  and  take 
the  place  of  the  fanatical  belief  in  the  minds  of 
that  people  of  an  endless  see  of  devouring  beastly 
deities,  and  the  daily  human  sacrifices  stopped,  and 
all  the  other  horrid  abominations  practiced  under 
it  might  cease. 

The  world  is  full  of  people,  and  every  city  has 
its  representatives  of  them,  who  say  Abraham 
was  our  father  and  Abraham's  God  is  our  God, 
and  they  believe  in  that  history  and  every  miracle 
recorded,  because  all  their  ancestors  before  them 
and  they  themselves  at  the  present  time  are  cele- 
brating those  providential  occurrences  yearly  on 
the  day  that  they  transpired,  as  we  the  people  of 
the  United  States  keep  the  declaration  of  inde- 
pendence in  mind  by  celebrating  the  day  on  which 
it  was  signed,  and  devote  that  day  especially  to 
speech-making  and  talking  over  the  terrible  strug- 
gle for  independence. 

Under  the  reign  of  rulers  who  believed  in  the 
above-described  devouring  beastly  deities,  the  sev- 
eral petty  kingdoms  kept  up  a  perpetual  strife  for 
empire,  under  which  civilization  could  make  no 
progress,  and  the  most  terrible  devastation,  mur- 
der, and  robbery  were  perpetrated,  down  to  the 
time  that  Babylon  became  the  seat  of  human  gov- 


INTRODUCTION.  31 

eminent,  and  every  nation  among  men  was  rep- 
resented there  by  their  best  statesmen  and  phi- 
losophers during  the  reign  of  Nebuchadnezzar, 
Cyrus,  Darius,  and  many  others,  and  a  general 
mingling  of  Asiatic,  African,  and  European  ideas 
took  place,  and  the  sharp  corners  and  rough  edges 
of  all  religious  faith,  political  systems,  and  philo- 
sophic theories  were  rubbed  off  and  toned  down  to 
a  more  humane  condition,  and  poetry  and  litera- 
ture rose  to  its  very  highest  pinnacle. 

Under  this  stimulus  the  greatest  dramatic  work 
extant  (the  Book  of  Job)  was  produced,  Homer 
wrote  his  Iliad  and  other  gems  of  poeiry,  Confucius 
his  moral  maxims,  and  Plato  dressed  up  that  pagan 
see  of  deity  in  a  much  more  becoming  garment, 
and  even  seemed  to  have  some  idea  of  a  god  quite 
different  from  a  devouring  beast;  still  he  clung  to 
the  old  theory  of  a  patern  in  nature  for  everything, 
striving  to  manifest  itself,  which  even  he  could 
not  separate  from  the  theory  that  every  species  of 
animal  culminated  in  a  god,  whose  attributes  were 
represented  by  the  species  of  animal  of  which  it 
was  the  type  and  ruling  deity. 

So  the  daily  propitiatory  sacrifice  of  innocent 
people  went  on  till  the  advent  of  Christ,  and  his 
sublime  doctrines  and  holy  example  were  pro- 
mulgated throughout  Africa  and  Europe,  by  which 
their  granite  images  of  a  beastly  deity  were  crum- 
bled to  dust,  and  the  daily  propitiatory  sacrifice 
of  innocent  men,  women,  and  children  ceased,  and 


32  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

the  whole  ruling  pagan  dynasties  who  worshiped 
them  and  committed  those  terrible  abominations 
of  barbarism  fell  down  before  that  name,  as  Dagon 
had  fallen  down  before  the  ark,  and  their  pagan 
heads  of  barbarous  rule  were  broken  off. 

Constantine  was  the  first  great  potentate  who 
prostrated  himself  before  it,  and  all  the  others  fol- 
lowed in  rapid  succession,  so  that  now  for  over  a 
thousand  years  the  world  has  been  governed  by 
dynasties  who  believe  in  a  personal,  omnipotent 
God,  of  infinite  wisdom,  mercy,  and  goodness,  who 
created  all  things,  and  directs  the  course  of  nature 
by  his  irresistible  fiat;  and  under  its  humanizing 
influence  civilization  has  made  greater  progress 
in  the  last  thousand  years  than  it  did  under  five 
thousand  years'  reign  of  pagan  superstition  and 
petty  kings. 

But  as  it  was  written  that  after  the  thousand 
years  were  accomplished  Satan  should  be  loosed 
for  a  season:  that  is,  that  the  old  idea  of  an  end- 
less see  of  a  serpentile,  devouring,  beastly  deity, 
which  had  wriggled  itself  up  from  profound 
ignorance,  to  a  grade  of  blank  don't-know-noth- 
ingism,  to  the  intelligence  of  myriads  of  species 
of  devouring  beasts,  demanding  of  kings  the 
sacrifice  of  their  innocent  children  and  dearest 
friends  as  the  price  of  their  crowns  and  right  to 
rule,  was  to  be  revived  for  a  season  and  many  de- 
ceived by  it. 

Hence  we  find  the  skeleton  of  it,  under  a  patch- 


INTRODUCTION.  33 

work  of  divers-colored  garments,  in  the  above 
paragraphs  from  a  poem,  Darwin's  origin  of  spe- 
cies, and  in  sundry  newspaper  correspondence, 
which,  when  compared  with  the  eloquent  gar- 
ments which  Plato  clothed  it  in,  really  appear 
quite  shabby. 

Neither  Darwin,  nor  any  other  of  the  modern 
votaries  of  that  old  pagan  beastly  deity  have  yet, 
and  we  assert  here  without  fear  of  truthful  con- 
tradiction that  they  cannot,  produce  the  least 
shadow  of  evidence,  obtained  by  scientific  test,  to 
prove  that,  within  the  pale  of  history  or  the 
memory  of  man,  any  species  of  animal  has  ever 
branched  off  into,  or  thrown  out,  a  shoot  which 
has  produced  a  new  species,  or  has  ever  rendered 
any  aid  in  the  production  of  one.  But,  on  the 
contrary,  every  step  which  scientific  investigation 
has  made  in  the  amalgamating  and  crossing  of 
races  has  confirmed  the  fact,  that  the  animal  force 
of  each  species  is  as  constant  to  its  type  as  elec- 
tricity is  in  its  chemical  effect,  gravity  in  its 
sphere,  crystallization  in  its  form,  or  the  polar 
attraction  in  guiding  the  mariner's  needle,  and 
in  all  of  its  propagation  has  repeated  itself  in  the 
specific  form  of  the  first  pair  or  primitive  type 
with  the  same  persistence  that  the  crystallizing 
force  of  the  mineral  salt  forms  a  cube,  or  that  of 
carbon  forms  the  diariiond  with  its  peculiar  angle 
and  cleavage.  The  lion  of  to-day  is  exactly  like 
the  first  lion  that  man  ever  saw,  and  wherever  a 
3 


o4  SCIENCE  OP  SENSIBILITY. 

cross  has  been  made,  the  offspring  invariably  re- 
sembles its  sire. 

By  breeding  a  male  Angora  goat  with  a  flock 
of  Spanish  or  common  coarse-haired  female  goats, 
and  again  with  the  hybrids,  and  again  with  the 
quadroons,  and  so  on  up  to  the  seventh  genera- 
tion, the  animal  force  of  the  male  Angora  will 
have  worked  the  blood  and  form  up  to  its  primi- 
tive specific  standard,  and  the  mohair  of  the 
seventh  generating  cross  will  be  equal  to  the 
original  type.  So,  on  the  other  hand,  breed  into 
a  flock  of  female  Angoras  with  a  male  coarse- 
haired  Spanish  goat  down  to  the  seventh  genera- 
tion, and  you  have  a  coarse-haired  worthless  goat, 
a  perfect  model  of  the  typical  pair  of  worthless- 
haired  goats,  worked  down  by  the  animal  force, 
of  the  primitive  species. 

And  this  is  the  history  of  the  result  of  every 
cross  that  has  been  made,  where  the  hybrid  will 
breed  at  all.  In  a  cross  between  a  male  donkey 
and  a  female  horse,  the  product  of  the  first  cross 
is  a  great  awkward  braying  donkey,  and  that  is 
the  end  of  it.  A  cross  between  a  white  man  and 
negress,  in  the  same  manner,  will  result  in  the 
same  way:  the  animal  force  of  the  man  will  bring 
the  cross  up  to  the  Caucasian  standard  in  the 
seventh  generation.  So  also,  on  the  other  hand, 
a  cross  between  an  African  negro  and  white  wo- 
man: the  animal  force  of  the  negro  will  work  the 
progeny  of  the  cross  down  to  its  original  African 


INTRODUCTION.  35 

type  at  the  seventh  generation.  And  so  also  if  a 
woman  would  breed  from  a  male  monkey,  and 
the  progeny  would  breed  in  with  that  male  mon- 
key in  the  same  way  down  to  the  seventh  genera- 
tion, the  product  would  be  a  pure  model  of  the 
specific  monkey  type. 

Never  since  the  memory  of  man  has  a  cross  of 
species  stopped  at  any  point  between  the  two  in 
the  form  of  a  new  type  that  could  repeat  itself: 
in  every  instance  it  runs  clean  back  to  one  or  the 
other. 

With  all  this  evidence  before  them,  and  not  a 
shadow  of  experimental  evidence  or  proof  obtained 
by  scientific  test  in  favor  of  their  theory,  these 
dogmatic  revivers  of  an  old  pagan  heresy  stand 
up  and  affirm  that  the  soul  of  man  has  torn  itself 
off  from  a  grade  at  least  as  low  down  as  a  mon- 
key, and  the  poet  takes  it  from  a  vegetable  plant, 
and  has  made  quite  a  respectable  cannibal  god  of 
itself,  and  even  prints  it  in  books  and  journals, 
which  find  purchasers  and  readers  and  some  be- 
lievers, as  it  was  predicted  there  would  be  in  the 
last  days  of  human  sovereignty. 

Except  those  modern  votaries  of  a  pagan  deity 
can  produce  some  evidence  that  mankind  will  be 
benefited  by  abandoning  Christianity  and  adopting 
the  pagan  religion,  with  its  inevitable  king  to  rep- 
resent each  specific  beastly  god  and  the  daily  ap- 
peasing sacrifice  and  children-consuming  fires, 
they  will  hardly  expect  to  overthrow  Christianity 


36  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

and  re-establish  it :  the  first  necessary  step  in  which 
is  the  destruction  of  all  telegraph  lines,  railroads, 
and  steamships ;  the  next,  the  walling  in  of  all 
cities,  and  the  construction  of  castles  for  those  spe- 
cific gods  and  the  kings  who  rule  by  their  author- 
ity to  dwell  in  and  secrete  their  plunder,  and  pyr- 
amids to  perpetuate  the  names  of  great  tyrants; 
third,  the  destruction  of  all  constitutional  rights 
and  vested  privileges  of  the  masses ;  the  demolition 
of  all  their  comfortable  dwellings,  titles  to  land, 
and  liberty  of  speech,  and  force  them  to  dwell  in 
caves,  booths,  and  in  the  open  fields;  subject  to 
stripes,  wounds,  bruises,  putrifying  sores,  unre- 
quited labor,  and  death  without  retribution,  and 
robbery  without  restitution ;  for  such  is  the  pho- 
tograph which  history  gives  us  of  it  in  its  best 
condition.  Its  days  are  ended;  neither  can  any 
power  on  earth  restore  its  vitality. 

Darwin's  theory  certainly  denies  or  ignores  the 
fact  of  an  intelligent  personal  creator,  working  by 
architectural  plan,  drawn  by  process  of  reasoning, 
and  executed  by  force  of  will  out  of  infinite  re- 
sources, in  a  rational,  intelligent  manner.  Con- 
sequently he  must  take  as  the  foundation  of  his 
theory  one  of  the  two  pagan  theories :  either  that 
each  species  culminates  in  a  specific,  sovereign,  self- 
existing  force,  which  they  call  a  god,  or  that  one 
universal  law  pervades  infinitum,  so  full,  that  no 
vacancy  exists  in  the  vast  immensity  of  space, 
and  the  said  force  is  without  any  intelligent  head 


INTRODUCTION.  37 

or  center  of  action,  acting  with  the  same  equal  force 
in  the  same  manner  everywhere.  To  the  latter, 
the  very  first  test  of  science  dispels  it  as  the  morn- 
ing sun  does  a  miasmal  fog.  If  there  is  any  one 
question  which  science  has  established,  it  is  that 
each  law  of  nature  acts  constantly  in  one  direction, 
without  variableness  or  shadow  of  turning. 

Gravity  always  forms  spheres,  crystallization 
cubes  or  crystals,  and  the  planets  are  all  moved 
in  definite  directions,  each  by  its  own  specific  force, 
and  between  the  species  of  animals  there  is  an 
uncompromising  hostility,  an  impassable  gulf  of 
specific  enmity,  which  positively  prohibits  amal- 
gamation, except  through  the  potent  influence  and 
agency  of  man.  A  ball  set  in  motion  by  any  one 
force,  moves  on  in  that  direction  till  it  is  inter- 
cepted by  a  counter  or  opposing  force ;  and  for  any 
man  to  assert  a  theory  that  one  single  force  in 
nature,  without  an  intelligent  head  of  device,  or 
center  of  action,  is  playing  this  shuttlecock  game 
of  counter  movements  and  varying  evolutions,  and 
constructing  the  endless  variety  of  specific  vege- 
table vitality  of  such  endless  variety  of  forms,  and 
of  animal  species  with  such  endless  variety  of  de- 
sires and  social  habits  and  infinite  change  in 
physical  structure,  and  absolute  enmity  and  hos- 
tility between  species,  is  absurdly  preposterous, 
and  was  done  to  death  something  over  a  thousand 
years  ago  by  the  progress  of  science,  stimulated 
and  urged  forward  by  that  progressive  Christianity 


38  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

whose  kingdom  was  compared  to  a  little  leaven  in 
a  measure  of  meal,  a  grain  of  mustard  seed,  and 
many  other  spreading  and  progressive  tilings. 
That  theory  is  not  only  dead,  but  consumed  to 
ashes  in  chemical  laboratories,  and  scattered  by 
the  four  winds  of  heaven,  called  ethics,  science, 
mathematics,  and  Christianity,  which  by  working 
together  have  made  wonderful  progress. 

The  other  pagan  theory,  that  each  species  of 
animal  culminates  in  a  god,  or  a  sovereign,  inde- 
pendent, self-existing,  and  specific  organizing 
force,  knocks  Darwin's  theory  of  monkey  origin 
for  man  out  of  the  theoretical  arena,  and  leaves 
it  without  a  shadow  of  plausibility,  and  explodes 
the  whole  theory. 

It  is  amusing  to  see  a  man  with  sufficient  intel- 
ligence and  education  to  write  a  book  spend  his 
life  in  trying  to  trace  his  origin  down  through  a 
line  of  Digger  Indians,  caudal  negroes  and  negroes 
proper,  bushmen,  chimpanzees,  orang  outangs, 
gorillas,  and  baboons  to  a  monkey  ancestry! 
Some  people  may  be  proud  of  a  baboon  or  monkey 
ancestry,  but  they  are  scarce. 

The  object  of  this  work  is  to  give  a  rational 
theory  of  the  origin  of  species,  and  we  request  the 
reader  to  give  it  a  fair  hearing,  read  it  attentively, 
and  digest  it  thoroughly ;  and  if  it  is  not  sustained 
by  practical  progressive  science  and  sound  common 
sense,  as  well  as  Christianity,  reject  it.  We  do 
not  ask  you  to  accept  it  without  good  evidence. 


INTRODUCTION.  39 

We  have  deemed  it  proper  in  this  introduction 
to  briefly  notice  a  few  of  the  most  important  ancient 
dogmas  which  have  hitherto  led  to  such  confusion 
and  misunderstanding  of  the  origin  of  animal  spe- 
cies. There  are,  however,  some  others  that  will  be 
noticed  in  the  following  work;  and  we  will  further 
state  here,  that  the  investigation  will  take  us  into 
the  upper  regions  of  spiritual  life,  where  the  com- 
binations of  simple  spiritual  elements  that  con- 
stituted the  specific  propagating  type  in  the  begin- 
ning, which  have  existed  ever  since  the  historic 
records  and  memory  of  man,  have  been  repeating 
themselves  by  propagation  with  the  same  con- 
stancy that  the  seed  of  an  apple  has  produced  its 
typical  tree,  or  the  sun  has  repeated  its  light. 

We  of  course  have  to  get  up  into  that  spiritual 
region  by  analogy,  as  Newton  got  up  among  the 
planets  and  investigated  the  laws  which  control 
them. 

It  is  only  a  few  centuries  since  the  science  of 
the  movement  of  the  heavenly  bodies  was  no  better 
understood  than  the  science  of  intelligent  move- 
ment now  is ;  and  the  field  of  the  latter  is  just  as 
open  for  investigation,  and  quite  as  new  to  us  and 
as  easy  of  comprehension,  as  the  former. 


40  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 


CHAPTER  I. 

FORMS  AND  SOCIAL  HABITS  OF  SUNDRY  TYPES  AND  RACES. 

As  the  investigation  of  the  simple  elements 
which  enter  into  the  composition  of  that  main- 
spring of  animation,  "and  being  immutably  com- 
bined, constitutes  the  principle  called  soul,"  leads 
us  into  a  field  of  natural  philosophy  hitherto  but 
very  little  explored  by  scientific  research,  we  give 
in  this  chapter  a  sort  of  discursory  statement  of 
sundry  well-established  facts,  relative  to  the  spe- 
cific forms  and  social  habits  of  sundry  types  and 
races,  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  the  mind  of 
the  student  to  explore  this  new  field  in  an  earnest, 
orderly  manner. 

Wherever  there  is  animal  life  there  is  more  or 
less  power  of  self-action,  nerve, and  sensibility,  and 
the  causes  or  principles  which  constitute  the  sen- 
sibility and  instigate  the  action  are  as  easily  com- 
prehended as  those  of  astronomy  or  chemistry, 
and  the  field  is  as  open  for  investigation,  and  quite 
as  full  of  interest,  to  the  enthusiastic  explorer. 

Vital  science  is  naturally  divided  into  two  great 
branches:  one  comprehending  the  cause  of  that 
great  variety  of  specific  plants  in  the  vegetable 
kingdom  which  have  an  organic  body  without 


FORMS  AND  HABITS  OP  TYPES  AND  RACES.  41 

sense  and  spontaneous  motion,  and  which  usually 
draw  their  nourishment  partly  through  roots  and 
fibers  fixed  in  the  earth,  and  partly  through  leafy 
lungs  from  the  atmosphere;  the  other,  all  that 
variety  in  typical  forms  and  social  habits  of  races 
and  individual  eccentricities  of  the  specimens  of 
the  same  race  in  the  animate  kingdom.  One  may 
very  properly  be  termed  the  philosophy  of  animal 
life,  the  other  the  philosophy  of  vegetable  vitality. 

Our  present  investigations  lead  us  through  the 
field  of  animal  life ;  and  our  first  work  will  be  to 
examine  some  of  the  forces  which  control  its  move- 
ments, after  having  examined  some  of  the  species 
which  constitute  the  subject  under  consideration. 

In  examining  that  field,  we  find  several  groups 
in  the  great  chain  of  animal  life,  composed  of  sev- 
eral ascending  or  descending  links,,  which  have 
something  of  a  similarity  of  form,  but  differ  wide- 
ly iii  their  work  and  habits  of  life,  and  each  spe- 
cific link  persistently  propagates  its  own  kind. 

At  the  head  of  this  great  chain  of  animate  na- 
ture we  find  a  group  of  links  descending  in  regular 
lessening  grades  from  man  to  a  very  small  mon- 
key, classed  mammalia,  which  walk  mainly  or 
altogether  upon  two  legs  and  suckle  their  young 
at  the  breast.  Commencing  at  the  small  end  of 
this  chain,  we  find  a  specimen  of  it  which  very 
much  resembles  a  squirrel,  but  walks  upright  at 
its  pleasure,  called  the  tarsier,  and  between  that 
and  the  baboon  several  ascending  links,  described 

TV* 


42  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

in  detail  by  Eev.  J.  Gr.  Woods's  Natural  History, 
which  never  cross- in  propagating  their  species,  any 
more  than  the  striped,  red,  and  black  squirrels. 

Next  in  the  ascending  scale  we  find  the  gor- 
rilla,  orang  outang,  chimpanzee,  bushman,  caudal 
negro,  negro  proper,  and  several  difierent  species 
of  Indians,  some  of  which  approach  about  as  near 
to  the  form  of  man  as  a  squirrel  does  to  a  petit 
monkey,  or  an  ape  does  to  a  negro. 

We  also  find  another  group  of  domestic  animals 
descending  by  regular  specific  links  from  the  ele- 
phant to  a  rabbit,  whose  habits  are  gramniverous ; 
another  group  of  carniverous  animals,  from  the 
lion  to  the  dog ;  another  from  the  tiger  to  a  very 
small  cat,  all  going  upon  four  legs ;  then  there 
are  several  groups  of  ants  and  other  insects  going 
upon  six  legs. 

We  also  find  several  groups  of  centipedes, 
worms,  and  larvas,  which  travel  upon  a  great 
number  of  legs,  indeed  their  most  striking  feature 
is  legs ;  and  there  are  a  great  number  of  groups 
in  the  fowl  and  bird  species  which  have  two  legs 
and  two  wings,  and  walk  or  fly  at  their  own 
pleasure;  and  several  groups  of  snakes,  serpents, 
and  worms  which  have  no  legs  at  all,  and  move 
about  by  a  wriggling  movement,  or  expansion 
and  contraction  of  the  body. 

We  also  find  a  great  variety  of  groups  in  the 
piscatory  department  of  the  animate  chain  of  crea- 
tion descending  by  regular  graded  links  from  the 


FORMS  AND  HABITS  OF  TYPES  AND  RACES.  43 

great  whale  down  to  the  lamper-eel,  whose  propa- 
gating element  is  water;  and  numerous  groups 
of  monads,  whose  habits  of  life  are  only  discerni- 
ble by  the  aid  of  a  microscope. 

For  full  and  entertaining  descriptions  of  the 
forms  and  habits  of  all  the  specific  varieties  of  the 
entire  chain  of  animate  life  the  student  is  referred 
to  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Woods's  Natural  History. 

Each  specific  link  in  that  immense  chain  of 
groups  is  a  generating  family,  modeled  by  an  im- 
mutable type,  which  has  repeated  itself  in  the  same 
specific  form  by  propagation,  about  equally  paired 
as  to  males  and  females  so  long,  that  the  memory 
and  records  of  man  runneth  not  to  the  time  when 
the  contrary  was  known  to  have  been  done ;  the 
males  and  females  of  each  type  always  pairing 
together  for  domestic  enjoyment  and  copulating 
purposes,  never  crossing  in  marriage,  pairing,  or 
amalgamating  with  the  upper  or  lower  consecutive 
links  of  the  same  group,  however  much  the  form 
or  habits  of  life  may  resemble  each  other.  As, 
for  instance,  horse  and  donkey,  of  their  own  ac- 
cord (mules,  mulattoes,  and  hybrids  of  every  de- 
scription, are  produced  by  the  instigation  of  man,) 
cows  and  buffalo,  leopards  and  tigers,  wolves  and 
bears,  deer  and  elk,  geese  and  ducks,  chickens 
and  grouse,  wasps  and  bees,  red  and  black  squir- 
rels, apes  and  negroes,  or  negroes  and  Indians, 
chimney  and  barn-swallows.  As  the  poet  sung, 

"Like  loves  like,  and  love  likes  love; 
Eagle  seeks  eagle,  and  dove  seeks  dove." 


44  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

And  their  round  of  social  enjoyment  and  domestic 
felicity  is  all  confined  within  the  circle  of  their 
own  propagating  link.  In  fact,  the  absorbing 
object  of  all  seems  to  be  propagation  of  their  spe- 
cies— to  feed,  protect,  and  rear  their  young.  The 
parents  will  fight  and  risk  their  lives  in  every 
conceivable  manner,  to  the  very  door  of  death,  to 
shield  and  protect  the  young  till  they  are  large 
enough  to  take  care  of  themselves,  for  which  pa- 
ternal care  the  young  make  little  or  no  return  of 
grateful  care  for  their  aged  parents,  but  go  on  to 
the  production  and  care  of  a  brood  of  their  own. 
So  it  seems  that  the  main  object  of  this  terrestrial 
life,  with  all  species,  is  propagation. 

However  much  any  two  propagating  types  may 
resemble  each  other,  a  close  examination  will  show 
a  marked  difference  in  form  of  body,  texture  of 
flesh,  shape  of  bone,  flexibility  of  muscle,  and  ten- 
sion of  nerve,  which  somewhat  changes  the  tone 
of  its  enjoyment,  power  of  action,  and  quality  of 
its  food. 

The  wasp  feeds  upon  meat;  the  bee  upon  the 
nectar  of  flowers ;  cats  upon  flesh ;  rabbits  upon 
vegetable  substances ;  sheep  upon  vegetables ; 
while  hogs  are  both  gramniverous-  and  carniver- 
ous.  Thus  all  the  specimens  of  each  specific  link 
voluntarily  seek  the  food  which  aifords  the  most 
nourishment  to  their  own  body. 

Concerning  this  difference  in  the  shape  of  bone 
and  component  quality  of  the  flesh  and  blood  of 


FORMS  AND  HABITS  OF  TYPES  AND  RACES.  45 

the  various  species  of  animals,  the  Rev.  J.  Gr. 
Woods  says: 

"Thus  it  will  be  seen  how  easily  the  observer 
can,  in  a  minute  fragment  of  bone,  though  hardly 
larger  than  a  midge's  wing,  read  the  class  of  ani- 
mal of  whose  framework  it  once  formed  a  part,  as 
decisively  as  if  .the  former  owner  were  present  to 
claim  his  property.  The  life-character  is  enshrined 
and  written  upon  every  sanguine  disc  that  rolls 
through  the  veins,  is  manifested  in  every  fiber 
and  nervelet  that  gives  energy  and  force  to  the 
breathing  body,  and  is  stereotyped  upon  each  bopry 
atom  that  forms  part  of  its  skeleton  framework. 
Whoever  reads  those  hieroglyphics  rightly  is  truly 
a  poet ;  for  to  him  the  valley  of  dry  bones  becomes 
a  vision  of  death  passed  away,  and  a  precursor  of 
a  resurrection  and  life  to  come.  *  *  * 

uNot  only  is  the  past  history  of  each  living  crea- 
ture written  in  every  particle  of  which  its  material 
frame  is  constructed,  but  the  past  records  of  the 
universe  to  which  it  belongs,  and  a  prediction  of 
its  future.  God  can  make  no  one  thing  that  is 
not  immortal  in  its  teaching,  if  we  would  be  so 
taught ;  if  not,  the  fault  is  with  the  people,  not 
with  the  Teacher. 

"He  writes  his  own  living  words  on  all  the 
works  of  his  hand ;  he  spreads  this  ample  book 
before  us,  always  ready  to  teach,  if  we  will  only 
learn.  We  walk  in  the  midst  of  miracles  with 
closed  eyes  and  stopped  ears,  dazzled  and  bewil- 


46  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

dered  with  the  light,  fearful  and  distrustful  of  the 
word, 

"It  is  not  enough  to  accumulate  facts  as  misers 
gather  coin,  and  then  to  put  them  away  on  our 
book-shelves,  guarded  hy  the  bars  and  bolts  of  tech- 
nical phraseology  ;  as  the  facts  must  be  circulated 
and  given  to  the  public  for  their  use.  It  is  no  mat- 
ter of  wonder  that  the  generality  of  readers  recoil 
from  works  on  the  natural  sciences,  and  look  upon 
them  as  mere  collections  of  tedious  names,  irksome 
to  read,  unmanageable  of  utterance,  and  impossi- 
ble to  remember.  Our  scientific  libraries  are  filled 
with  facts,  dead,  hard,  dry,  and  material  as  fossil 
bones  that  fill  covered  and  sealed  libraries  of  the 
past. 

"  But  true  science  will  breathe  life  into  the  dead 
mass,  and  fill  the  study  with  poetry  and  interest." 

Each  repeating  link  in  the  chain  of  animal  life 
is  made  up  of  a  multitude  of  individuals,  each  of 
which  is  a  self-acting  institution,  having  a  little 
circle  of  its  own  enjoyment,  all  concentrated  in 
producing  as  numerous  a  family  as  possible  of  its 
own :  so  that  each  specific  link  is  a  chain  of  family 
links,  and  each  family  link  a  chain  of  individual 
links,  all  concentrated  and  held  together  by  a 
copulating  sympathy  and  paternal  attachment, 
which  maintains  an  almost  impassable  gulf  be- 
tween them  and  other  species  in  all  the  enjoyments 
of  the  social  circle.  And  every  movement  of  each 
individual  specimen  is  the  result  of  a  will,  pro- 


FORMS  AND  HABITS  OP  TYPES  AND  RACES.  47 

duced  by  a  belief  that  the  movement  will  be  for 
its  benefit  or  enjoyment;  and  in  their  social  inter- 
course will  instruct,  flatter,  and  tease  each  other 
in  various  moods:  even  get  mad  and  fight  like 
gladiators,  till  one  or  the  other  is  vanquished. 

The  members  of  one  repeating  link  frequently 
feed  upon  the  members  of  another  species,  but 
never  upon  their  own — as  men,  dogs,  cats,  lions, 
tigers,  wolves,  eagles,  hawks,  owls. 

There  are  three  attributes  or  necessary  proper- 
ties inherent  in  each  repeating  link,  that  are  ab- 
solute barriers  to  feeding  upon  their  own  kind: 

First.  A  copulating  affinity,  which  irresistibly 
draws  the  male  and  female  of  the  same  species 
into  a  family  circle  for  the  increase  of  their  own 
kind. 

Second.  A  paternal  affection,  which  gives  the 
most  tender  care  for  the  young  till  they  are  capa- 
ble of  providing  for  themselves,  and  a  filial  regard 
for  the  old  and  decrepid,  and  a  desire  to  make  a 
common  cause  in  providing  for  the  crippled  and 
infirm. 

Third.  A  fraternal  sympathy,  that  inspires  a 
fellow  feeling  which  is  ready  to  battle  for  every 
member  of  the  species  against  all  outside  barbarians 
of  every  species,  and  draws  them  to  the  common 
center  of  a  social  circle,  both  for  social  enjoyment 
and  mutual  protection,  and  thus  forms  nations, 
tribes,  flocks,  and  swarms  for  self-protection 
against  other  specific  links,  impressed  with  the 


48  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

idea  that  in  their  aggregate  capacity  they  are 
much  better  able  to  cope  with  their  enemies  than 
they  are  in  their  individual  capacity.  Conse- 
quently, if  cats  fed  upon  cats,  wolves  upon  wolves, 
lions  upon  lions,  hawks  upon  hawks,  and  eagles 
upon  eagles,  apes  upon  apes  and  hogs  upon  hogs, 
the  strong  would  devour  the  weak,  the  old  the 
young,  and  the  race  would  be  exterminated  in  the 
first  generation;  for  the  young  cleave  to  the  old 
and  the  weak  to  the  strong  for  protection. 

We  have  made  this  discursory  introduction  in 
order  to  shake,  if  possible,  some  of  the  old  preju- 
dices of  the  reader,  and  prepare  his  mind  for  a 
careful  perusal  of  this  work  and  a  thorough  in- 
vestigation of  this  subject. 


THE  SOUL — ITS  STRUCTURE  AND  MOVEMENT.        49 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE  SOUL— ITS  STRUCTURE  AND  MOVEMENT. 

Vital  science,  like  that  of  natural  science,  is 
divided  into  two  great  branches :  the  one  compre- 
hending all  perceptible  movement  which  is  the 
result  of  volition;  the  other  including  all  those 
natural  changes  which  produce  a  tree  from  a  pit, 
nut,  or  seed,  and  all  manner  of  vegetation  repro- 
duced by  seeds  after  its  kind  by  germination.  The 
first  is  called  the  science  of  sensibility,  including 
the  primary  principles  controlling  volition,  which 
determines  the  similarity  of  form,  actions,  enjoy-1 
ments,  and  habits  of  life  of  each  copulating  species 
of  living  creatures  in  the  animal  kingdom,  from 
man  to  a  monad. 

The  second  is  the  science  of  vegetable  vitality, 
comprehending  the  primary  principle  which  gives 
vitality  to  vegetation,  including  the  causes  of  the 
almost  endless  variety  of  form  in  trees,  shrubs, 
vines,  and  grasses,  beauty  of  flower  and  blossom, 
quality  of  fruit,  form  and  vitality  of  seed,  and  se- 
cures an  exact  likeness  of  the  original  type  in  the 
product  of  each  seed,  germ,  or  shoot. 

The  science  of  sensibility  is  of  the  greatest  im- 
portance to  mankind,  since  by  its  investigations 
a  clear  line  of  discrimination  between  the  propa- 
4  « 


50  SCIENCE  OP  SENSIBILITY. 

gating  species  of  animals  is  discerned,  and  the 
disastrous  results  of  amalgamating  with  the  lower 
species  clearly  demonstrated. 

The  science  of  sensibility  is  also  divided  into  two 
great  branches:  the  one  comprehending  the  spir- 
itual and  celestial  combinations  of  principles  which 
give  vitality  and  volition  to  the  animal  kingdom ; 
the  other  the  terrestrial  forms  and  movements  pro- 
duced thereby.  The  former  treats  of  the  nature 
and  organic  structure  of  the  soul ;  the  latter  of  the 
material  form  and  movement  or  work  of  the  soul. 

That-the  vital  principle  called  soul,  which  gives 
animation  to  the  animal  kingdom,  is  a  combination 
of  celestial  substances  and  spiritual  forces,  is  de- 
monstrated by  the  peculiar  mode  of  mental  enjoy- 
ment and  kind  of  food  adapted  by  each  species. 
In  confirmation  of  which  Paul  speaks  of  the 
dividing  asunder  of  joint  and  marrow,  soul  and 
spirit;  and  Moses,  in  giving  a  history  of  the  crea- 
tion of  the  soul  of  man,  says:  ''And  the  Lord  God 
formed  man  of  the  dust  of  the  ground,  and  breathed 
into  his  nostrils  the  breath  of  life ;  and  man  became 
a  living  soul." 

The  body  was  not  a  soul,  nor  the  breath  of  life 
a  soul,  but  the  combination  of  the  two  constitute 
a  living  soul,  with  a  substantial  body,  having  form 
and  certain  powers  of  voluntary  movement,  botli 
visible  and  effective:  a  self-moving  institution,  an 
animal  microcosm. 

Thus  the  constituent  elements  of  a  soul  are  taken 


THE  SOUL — ITS  STRUCTURE  AND  MOVEMENT.        51 

partly  from  inert  material  substance,  and  partly 
from  active  spiritual  essence.  The  former  embraces 
all  those  inert  gases  which,  under  the  influence  of 
the  laws  of  nature,  enter  into  the  combination  of 
all  material  bodies,  and  constitute  the  warp  and 
woof  of  every  plant,  rock,  grain  of  sand,  and  par- 
ticle of  dust,  which  can  be  perceived  by  the  finite 
senses  of  seeing,  hearing,  smelling,  tasting,  or  feel- 
ing, as  well  as  all  vegetable  forms  which  grow  out 
of  the  earth,  and  every  animal  carcass  that  feeds 
upon  it ;  and  has  neither  sensibility,  affinity,  power 
of  motion,  nor  combination, and  left  to  itself  would 
eternally  remain  an  inanimate  element,  useless  and 
harmless,  simply  helping  to  prevent  a  vacuum  in 
the  immensity  of  space,  without  any  possibility  of 
ever  changing  its  proportions. 

The  latter  comprehends  all  the  spiritual  ele- 
ments of  volition  which  enter  into  the  composition 
of  all  the  specific  degrees  of  sensibility  and  rea- 
soning capacity  which  constitute  the  graded  links 
in  the  great  chain  of  animal  life,  and  is  as  consti- 
tutionally active  as  matter  is  inert,  and  each  sim- 
ple element  can  no  more  cease  its  peculiar  action 
than  matter  can  begin  to  act :  a  spiritual  spark 
can  no  more  stop  its  spontaneous  motion  than 
matter  can  begin  to  move. 

The  infinite  variety  of  results  produced  by  chang- 
ing the  combinations  made  from  the  few  simple 
elements  of  matter  is  naturally  divided  into  four 
great  branches. 


52  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

The  first  comprehends  all  that  variety  in  form 
and  material  found  in  crystals,  rocks,  earths,  met- 
als, and  fluids  in  the  mineral  kingdom. 

The  second,  all  that  variety  in  material  and 
form  of  plants,  heauty  of  flower,  and  fragrance 
of  blossom,  flavor  of  fruit,  and  pungency  of  seed, 
in  the  vegetable  kingdom. 

The  third,  all  that  variety  in  the  form  of  animal 
bodies,  and  quality  of  material  of  which  they  are 
composed,  in  the  animal  kingdom. 

Fourth,  the  same  variety  of  form  and  material 
in  the  celestial  bodies  of  animals,  which  constitute 
the  leverage  and  working  machinery  of  the  soul. 

For  example,  the  same  gases  combined  in  oneway 
produce  water,  and  in  another  proportion  atmos- 
pheric air.  A  certain  other  proportionate  combina- 
tion of  simple  gases  constitutes  the  diamond,  and 
another  quartz  crystal:  another  rocks;  another 
earths ;  another  metals  ;  another  plants,  flowers, 
fruits  and  seeds ;  another  the  bones,  flesh,  mus- 
cles, and  nerves  of  the  terrestrial  bodies  of  ani- 
mals; another  and  most  important  combination 
produces  a  corresponding  celestial  body,  constitut- 
ing the  leverage  and  machinery  of  the  soul,  which 
though  as  invisible  as  the  gases  which  form  the 
diamond,  air,  or  water  to  our  terrestrial  senses, 
still  is  as  immutable  in  specific  construction  and 
perfect  in  bodily  form  as  the  terrestrial  body  in 
which  it  commenced  its  existence.  Neither  have 
the  gases  of  which  it  is  composed  any  more  power 


THE  SOUL — ITS  STRUCTURE  AND  MOVEMENT.        53 

to  organize  that  body  than  iron,  copper,  trees, 
water,  and  caloric  have  to  organize  themselves 
into  a  steamship  or  railroad  and  rolling  stock  for 
the  benefit  of  commerce. 

The  whole  work  of  combining  gases,  organizing 
spheres,  and  constructing  bodies,  is  the  work  of 
organic  forces.  Even  the  celestial  body  of  the  soul 
is  formed  by  the  force  of  animal  growth  which  in- 
habits it  by  the  prior  right  of  construction,  and  is 
always  busy  keeping  it  in  repair;  while  the  spirit 
of  sensibility,  in  consideration  of  a  life  lease,  en- 
dows it  with  volition-,  sensibility,  reason,  and  en- 
joyment. 

The  simple  elements  of  spirit,  in  their  various 
combinations,  are  the  mainspring  of  all  volition, 
maker  and  executor  of  all  laws,  and  prime  cause 
of  all  sensibility :  an  intelligent  investigation  of 
which  is  the  object  of  this  work.  A  simple  ele- 
ment of  force  (which  may  very  properly  be  termed 
mites  of  force)  is  an  active  essence,  endowed  with 
a  certain  power  of  self-action  and  a  specific  form, 
which  can  only  demonstrate  itself  through  the 
agency  of  a  substantial  body,  over  which  it  has  en- 
tire control,  and  always  constructs  from  the  simple 
gases,  by  its  own  constructive  power,  in  the  pre- 
cise form  of  body  of  which  itself  is  the  pattern. 

Every  material  body  into  which  the  simple 
elements  of  matter  have  ever  been  formed  has  a 
spiritual  pattern,  endowed  with  a  self-constructing 
force;  and,  incomprehensible  as  the  variety  is, 


54  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

they  are  all  produced  by  a  change  in  the  combina- 
tion of  a  few  simple  mites  of  forces. 

The  forces  which  thus  organize  the  simple  ele- 
ments of  matter  into  substantial  bodies  and  endow 
them  with  attraction,  vitality,  and  sensibility,  are 
naturally  divided  into  four  spheres  of  action. 

The  first  comprehends  all  that  variety  of  com- 
binations from  the  simple  elements  of  action  which 
organize  all  synthetically  constituted  bodies, 
whether  of  earthy  minerals  or  planetary  spheres, 
and  controls  their  movements  in  the  planetary 
system,  and  is  denominated  the  force  of  natural 
law. 

Second.  All  those  elementary  combinations 
which  constitute  the  forces  of  electricity,  earth- 
quakes, tornadoes,  nitro-glycerine,  &c.,  are  de- 
nominated explosive  forces. 

Third.  All  of  those  combinations  from  the  sim- 
ple elements  of  force  which  constitute  that  end- 
less variety  of  the  specific  forces  of  growth  in  the 
vegetable  kingdom  are  denominated  vital  forces  of 
vegetable  growth. 

Fourth.  All  of  those  combinations  from  the  sim- 
ple elements  of  force  that  enter  into  the  com- 
bination of  the  forces  which  construct  the  specific 
bodies  in  the  graded  links  of  the  universal  chain 
of  animal  life,  with  supplies  furnished  to  every 
part  of  the  body  through  a  network  of  veins  and 
arteries,  and  has  its  seat  in  the  heart,  where  they 
are  all  concentrated,  and  perform  the  whole  work 


THE  SOUL — ITS  STRUCTURE  AND  MOVEMENT.        55 

of  constructing  the  body,  repairing  all  damages, 
and  making  an  entire  change  in  the  whole  mate- 
rial once  in  seven  years,  but  has  no  more  power 
to  endow  that  body  which  it  has  made  with  sensi- 
bility or  a  reasoning  capacity,  volition,  or  motion, 
than  the  force  of  growth  which  has  formed  a  plant 
has  to  endow  the  body  of  the  plant  which  it  has 
constructed  with  the  same  attributes.  Spirit  alone 
can  produce  sensation,  sensibility,  reasoning  ca- 
pacity, and  enjoyment  on  the  brain  and  nervous 
system  after  it  is  formed :  this  force  is  called  the 
vital  force  of  animal  growth. 

Thus  we  have  a  clear  line  of  distinction  drawn 
between  explosive  forces  and  forces  of  natural  law, 
vital  forces  of  vegetable  growth  and  the  vital 
forces  of  animal  growth,  and  between  all  manner 
of  forces  which  manifest  no  intelligence  and  the 
intelligent  spiritual  forces  which  fill  the  universe 
with  intelligence,  joy,  and  gladness. 

For  instance,  the  work  of  explosive  force  is  to 
destroy  organic  bodies ;  the  work  of  constructive 
force  is  to  6ombine  gases  and  work  them  into  the 
form  of  which  itself  is  the  pattern.  Thus,  we  know 
that  gravity  is  the  pattern  of  a  sphere,  because  it 
organizes  everything  in  that  form,  and  that  all 
crystallizing  forces  are  a  pattern  of  a  crystal,  with  a 
certain  angle  and  cleavage,  because  they  organize 
all  their  bodily  representatives  in  that  form ;  and 
we  also  know  that  all  the  vital  forces  of  vegetable 
growth  are  a  pattern  of  plants,  for  they  construct 


56  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

all  their  bodily  representatives  in  that  form  ;  and 
we  also  know  that  all  the  vital  forces  of  animal 
growth  are  a  pattern  of  some  animal  carcass,  for 
they  construct  all  their  bodily  representatives  in 
that  form;  and  we  also  know  that  the  attribute 
of  spirit  is  intelligence,  for  wherever  there  is  voli- 
tion and  power  of  locomotion  there  is  a  spirit  and 
some  degree  of  intelligence,  and  the  degree  of  in- 
telligence as  well  as  the  form  of  the  body  depend 
entirely  on  the  equivalent  proportions  of  simple 
elements  combined  in  the  soul. 


ELEMENTARY  PRINCIPLE  OF  SOUL.  57 


CHAPTER  III. 

ELEMENTARY  PRINCIPLE  OF  SOUL. 

A  simple  element  of  spirit  is  an  intelligent  es- 
sence, having  a  certain  power  of  action,  but  is  in- 
capable of  demonstrating  either  without  the  aid 
of  a  body  toned  with  a  nervous  system.  But  as 
all  of  its  powers  of  action  are  for  the  purpose  of 
working  out  some  degree  of  intelligence  and  ner- 
vous sensation  upon  a  brain  in  the  concentrated 
terminus  of  a  nervous  system,  having  no  power 
for  the  combination  of  gases  or  the  construction  of 
a  body  of  any  kind,  left  to  itself  it  is  as  powerless 
and  harmless  as  a  simple  element  of  matter,  but 
when  combined,  or  rather  associated,  with  a  con- 
genial force  of  animal  growth,  which  has  power  to 
form  a  body  with  a  bone  and  nervous  system  pecu- 
liarly adapted  to  its  power  of  sensible  action,  it 
commences  immediately  to  demonstrate  its  degree 
of  intelligence :  first,  in  the  form  of  the  body  which 
it  has  planned  and  superintended  the  construction 
of;  second,  by  its  intuitive  work  and  mode  of  life. 

Thus  we  discover  that  the  simplest,  smallest 
possible  soul,  which  is  supposed  to  be  the  least  of 
the  monad  species,  is  composed  of  three  elementary 
principles:  First,  an  intelligent  spirit;  second,  a 
force  of  animal  growth ;  third,  a  substantial  body, 


58  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

composed  of  celestial  gases,  all  of  which  are  as  in- 
visible to  our  terrestrial  senses  as  our  terrestrial 
bodies  are  to  a  blind  man ;  but  nevertheless  as 
immutable  in  bodily  form,  and  perfect  in  specific 
intelligence  and  capacity  of  enjoyment,  as  it  was 
in  the  terrestrial  body  in  which  it  commenced  its 
existence. 

As  the  soul  of  the  smallest  specimen  of  a  monad 
is  supposed  to  be  composed  of  a  very  small  number 
of  simple  elements  of  spirit,  and  the  smallest  pos- 
sible number  of  mites  of  simple  force  of  animal 
growth,  and  a  very  small  number  of  simple  gases, 
then  it  is  evident  there  must  be  several  simple 
elements  of  spirit,  as  well  as  of  force  and  matter, 
out  of  which  to  combine  equivalent  fractional  parts 
in  just  the  proper  quantity  to  produce  the  intel- 
ligence with  which  man  is  endowed. 

As  the  combining  of  the  simple  molecule  ele- 
ments of  matter  into  substantial  bodies  of  various 
magnitude  and  hardness,  and  the  simple  mite  ele- 
ments of  force  into  patterns  of  an  infinite  variety 
of  forms,  and  the  simple  intellectual  elements  into 
a  capacity  of  intelligence  to  fill  the  circle  of  use- 
ful inventions  which  man  has  already  accomplish- 
ed, is  entirely  out  of  the  power  of  man,  therefore 
the  only  resource  of  science  to  discover  the  number 
of  the  simple  elements  of  each  is  by  analysis  or 
analogy. 

By  the  aid  of  chemistry,  any  ponderable  body, 
even  the  diamond,  can  be  decomposed  and  convert- 


ELEMENTARY  PRINCIPLE  OF  SOUL.  59 

ed  into  its  elementary  gases,  and  something  of  a 
test  made  of  the  part  they  act  in  giving  density  and 
hardness  to  bodies ;  and  thus  chemists  have  heen 
ahle  to  name  several  which  are  known  to  he  sim- 
ple distinct  elements:  among  which  are  oxygen, 
hydrogen,  nitrogen,  and  carbon,  which  are  known 
to  be  simple  elements,  and  are  found  in  various 
proportions  of  combination  in  almost  all  bodies ; 
chlorine,  iodine,  bromine,  florine,  and  phosphorus 
are  also  believed  to  be  simple  substances: — alto- 
gether seven  simple  gaseous  elements,  out  of  which 
to  combine  and  constitute  all  the  myriads  of  fluids, 
solids,  vegetable  and  animal  bodies,  which  are 
found  in  this  earthly  sphere.  And  the  greatest 
number  of  simple  substances,  including  metals, 
which  chemistry  cannot  prove  to  be  compound, 
is  sixty-one,  and  the  probability  is  that  when  these 
are  reduced  to  their  original  simple  ethereal  ele- 
ments, they  will  be  found  to  resolve  themselves  into 
seven  simple  specific  gases,  out  of  which  the  earth 
and  all  that  pertains  to  it  have  been  formed,  and 
they  are  all  as  ethereally  invisible  and  incompre- 
hensible to  our  terrestrial  senses  in  their  simple  ele- 
ments as  the  constructive  forces  or  the  spirit  of  life 
itself;  but  in  their  combined,  fluid,  crystallized, 
and  solidified  condition,  we  see,  hear,  taste,  smell, 
and  feel  them,  and  discern  their  qualities,  and  can 
analyze  and  trace  them  to  their  simple  elements, 
and  in  so  doing  we  find  that  in  their  simple  ele- 
ments there  is  no  attractive  affinity  between  them  ; 


GO  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

but  their  whole  tendency  is  repulsive,  and  to  fly  off 
as  far  from  each  other  as  possible.  However  little 
there  is  in  a  bottle,  it  is  always  full:  that  is,  they 
pervade  the  whole  of  it,  and  never  settle  together 
in  any  one  part,  like  water  or  other  substances. 

Thus  it  is  positively  demonstrated  that  they 
would  never  constitute  any  body  by  affinity,  nor 
was  this  ever  done  except  by  a  controlling  force 
of  combining  law,  or  vegetable  or  animal  growth, 
which,  if  we  could  analyze  and  reduce  to  their  sim- 
ple elements,  we  would  find  resolved  themselves 
into  about  the  same  number  which  it  takes  of  days 
to  make  a  week;  and  as  these  simple  elements  of 
force  in  their  elementary  conditions  have  no  more 
affinity  for  each  other  than  the  elements  of  matter 
have  in  their  state  of  gas,  it  necessarily  follows 
that  there  must  have  been  a  combination  of  the 
simple  elements  of  force  in  order  to  produce  a 
force  of  any  specific  effect. 

In  their  elementary,  uncombined  state,  each 
mite  is  dancing  its  own  peculiar  jig;  and  in  very 
fine  dust,  under  a  microscope,  may  be  seen  to  toss 
it  about  in  a  very  lively  manner,  not  tending  in 
the  least  to  make  a  solid  body  of  it,  and  in  that 
state  are  of  no  more  use  as  organic  forces  than 
twenty-six  letters  arranged  in  an  alphabet  are  for 
communicating  ideas  as  representatives  of  words 
in  language.  But  when  combined  by  an  Infinite 
Intelligence  in  equivalent  proportions  for  an  earth- 
quake force,  let  those  who  have  felt  one-half  of 


ELEMENTARY  PRINCIPLE  OF  SOUL.  61 

the  American  continent  vibrating,  and  seen  cities 
and  castles  destroyed,  judge  of  its  effect ;  and  when 
those  seven  simple  elements  of  dancing  molecules 
are  variously  combined  by  the  same  great  Archi- 
tect into  organic  forces,  we  see  the  use  of  them, 
not  only  in  the  wonderful  things  pertaining  to 
this  earth,  but  in  the  brilliance  of  the  starry 
heavens.  And  when  the  same  useless  dancing 
simple  forces  are  combined  into  sundry  laws  of 
planetary  motion  by  the  same  Infinite  Designer, 
with  what  wonderful  order  the  planets  march  into 
position,  and  course  through  their  orbits  without 
variableness  or  shadow  of  turning. 

When  we  look  into  the  vegetable  kingdom  we 
see  an  almost  infinite  variety  of  typical  construct- 
ing forces,  the  pattern  or  type  for  every  one  of 
which  was  constituted  by  equivalent  changes  in 
the  combination  of  those  same  useless  dancing 
mites,  as  existing  in  their  seven  specific  element- 
ary spheres  of  action.  What  symmetry  of  plants; 
what  beauty  of  foliage  and  flowers  ;  what  fragrance 
of  blossoms  and  delicious  flavor  of  fruit ;  what  de- 
lightful landscapes  and  ornamental  shrubbery  does 
the  botanist  discover  in  this  field  of  natural  sci- 
ence, this  park  and  pleasure-ground  of  the  Infinite 
Creator  of  all  things.  But  through  the  whole  of 
it,  from  the  simple  molecule  element  of  matter 
and  the  mite  element  of  force  up  to  this  point, 
there  is  not  a  single  ray  of  intelligence,  not  a  sin- 
gle nervous  sensation,  idea,  or  volition.  In  the 


G2  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

hands  of  the  Creator  it  is  a  mere  pastime,  and  is 
to  him  simply  the  work  of  his  own  hand, — his 
steamship,  railroad,  plantation,  park,  book  of 
prose,  poetry,  castle,  library,  palace,  throne,  and 
crown  of  gems,  and  garments  studded  with  bril- 
liants,— but  no  joy  or  intelligence  outside  of  him- 
self: and  if,  as  some  have  vainly  imagined,  there 
was  none  even  in  himself,  then  what  was  the  use 
of  it?  Why  combine  those  dancing  mites  into  such 
exquisite  patterns  of  constructing  forces,  and  those 
ethereal  elements  of  matter  into  such  admirable 
forms,  gems,  and  landscapes,  which  are  void  of 
appreciation,  and  rejoice  not  in  their  existence? 
Neither  is  there  one  iota  of  intelligent  spirit  in  the 
composition  of  them. 

Spiritual  intelligence  is  the  organizer  of  forces, 
but  not  the  power  which  drives  them.  The  sim- 
ple elements  of  intelligent  spirit  which  is  the 
mainspring  of  all  volition,  the  endowment  of  all 
intelligence,  the  instigator  of  all  joy  and  sorrow, 
pain  and  pleasure,  happiness  and  despair,  are  as 
constitutionally  different  from  the  simple  elements 
of  the  organic  and  constructive  forces  as  they  are 
from  the  simple  elements  of  matter,  and  if  John  the 
Revealer's  vision  is  true,  there  are  seven  of  them, 
which  he  says  he  saw  burning  in  seven  golden 
candlesticks  before  the  throne  of  God ;  and  the 
combinations  from  them  present  about  the  same 
number  of  species  and  variety  of  form  in  the  ani- 
mal kingdom  that  there  is  in  the  vegetable  king- 


ELEMENTARY  PRINCIPLE  OF  SOUL.  63 

dom  produced  by  the  force  of  vegetable  growth, 
and  in  the  mineral  kingdom  by  the  forces  of  solidi- 
fication and  crystallization :  therefore  we  judge 
that  the  simple  elements  of  force  in  each  kingdom 
are  about  equal,  as  the  effect  of  the  combinations 
is  about  equal  in  number  and  specific  variety  in 
the  three  spheres  or  kingdoms  into  which  the  or- 
ganic and  constructive  forces  are  divided ;  and  all 
specific  change  in  the  combination,  or  rather  all 
specific  effect  to  be  produced  by  a  change  in  the 
combination,  of  the  simple  elements  in  the  three 
kingdoms  was  exhausted  ere  the  creation  ceased. 
When  God  commences  a  work  he  finishes  it,  and 
leaves  nothing  undone  that  can  be  done  in  that 
field.  Man,  who  was  the  last  combination,  ex- 
hausted the  changes,  so  that  no  new  vegetable  sub- 
stance, species  of  plant,  or  animal  species,  has  been 
discovered  within  the  pale  of  history,  or  since  the 
time  to  which  his  memory  runs  ;  neither  has  any 
species  of  animal,  vegetable,  or  crystal  changed 
its  typical  form;  each,  in  repeating  itself,  has 
been  as  constant  to  the  specific  pattern  of  its  type 
as  the  earth  has  to  its  annual  and  diurnal  move- 
ments, and  the  moon  to  its  lunar  circuit. 

In  proof  of  our  hypothesis  that  there  are  seven 
simple  elements  of  intelligent  spirit,  seven  simple 
elements  of  organic  force,  and  seven  simple  ele- 
ments of  substance,  out  of  which  all  this  wonder- 
ful creation  of  animal  intelligence,  vegetable  vital- 
ity, and  substantial  bodies  have  been  constructed, 


6  SCIENCE    OF    SENSIBILITY. 

grown,  and  endowed  with  mobility,  sensibility,  and 
reason,  we  have  traced  matter  to  its  seven  simple 
elements ;  and  John  the  Revealer  testifies  to  the 
seven  simple  elements  of  spirit ;  and  as  the  effect  of 
change  in  the  combination  of  constructive  forces 
agrees  in  number  with  them,  then  the  proof  is 
positive  as  analogy  can  make  it,  and  is  further  sus- 
tained by  the  number  of  simple  sounds  and  simple 
colors  and  the  number  of  specific  effects  produced 
by  a  change  in  their  combination :  which  will  be 
more  fully  considered  in  another  chapter,  in  ex- 
plaining the  mode  of  making  the  said  combinations. 


RELATIONS  BETWEEN  SUBSTANCE  AND  FORCE.        65 


CHAPTER  IV. 

EMINENT  RELATIONS  BETWEEN  SUBSTATTCE  AND  FORCE. 

The  reader  who  has  carefully  perused  this  work 
up  to  the  close  of  the  last  chapter,  has  discovered 
that  the  animal  which  Moses  said  God  made  out 
of  the  dust  of  the  earth,  and  breathed  into  his 
nostrils  the  breath  of  life,  and  he  became  a  living 
soul,  has  concentrated  in  his  terrestrial  person 
equivalent  extracts  from  all  the  simple  elements 
of  force  and  substance  which  entered  into  the 
composition  of  the  world  he  inhabits,  and  is  in 
the  fullest  sense  of  the  term  a  miniature  world, 
a  small  representative  of  the  great  world,  a  com- 
plete microcosm,  partaking  to  some  extent  of  the 
nature  of  every  element  of  which  the  great  world 
is  composed,  .i.  e.,  with  the  addition  of  the  spirit- 
ual element. 

The  forces  which  form  his  person  and  endow  it 
with  volition  and  intellectual  powers  are  composed, 
in  part,  from  the  elements  of  intelligent  spirit, 
and  partly  from  the  elements  of  organic  force,  by 
a  combination,  or  rather  a  harmonious  union, — a 
sort  of  copartnership  between  an  equivalent  force 
of  animal  growth  and  a  congenial  force  of  intelli- 
gent spirit ;  and  in  order  that  their  work  may  be 
harmoniously  conducted,  and  no  interference  be- 
5  F* 


66  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

tween  the  bodily  repairs  and  intellectual  pursuits, 
the  force  of  growth  has  its  seat  in  the  heart,  and 
the  force  of  intellect  in  the  brain,  the  two  being 
individually  combined,  each  from  its  own  simple 
elements,  in  separate  proportions,  which  is  just 
equivalent  to  a  harmonious  union  of  all  their 
operations.  The  force  of  growth  forms  and  re- 
pairs the  body  after  the  exact  model  drawn  by  the 
spirit;  that  is,  the  pattern  of  the  specific  type  in 
each  is  exactly  alike,  and  the  tone  of  the  nervous 
system  is  toned  in  perfect  harmony  with  the 
spiritual  intellect.  Thus  they  commence  the  work 
of  life  together  in  the  ovoid,  and  thus  they  work 
out  the  destiny  of  life  together,  from  the  period 
of  conception  through  the  endless  rounds  of 
eternity,  the  animal  force  building,  repairing,  and 
toning  up  the  system,  operating  from  its  seat  of 
vitality  in  the  heart,  and  the  intellectual  spirit 
quickening  it  with  sensational  enjoyment,  power 
of  volition,  and  a  perpetually  beating  around  the 
little  circle  of  reasoning  capacity  and  inventive 
work,  which  the  equivalent  combinations  from 
two  or  more  of  the  simple  elements  of  spirit  have 
endowed  it  with.  Thus  it  is  evident  that  no  soul 
could  exist  without  this  concurrence  in  form  and 
co-operation  of  work  between  an  equivalent  force 
of  animal  growth  and  intellectual  spirit,  both  of 
which  are  so  ethereal  that  they  could  never  be 
brought  in  co-operation,  nor  able  to  demonstrate 
their  form,  work,  or  intelligence  without  the  aid 


RELATIONS  BETWEEN  SUBSTANCE  AND  FORCE.        67 

of  a  substantial  body,  adapted  to  an  endowment 
of  volition  and  intelligence. 

That  body  in  which  man  made  his  first  bow  to 
the  world  was  also  composed  of  elements  from  two 
distinct  fields  of  substances:  one  we  call  celestial 
substance ;  the  other  terrestrial  matter.  The  for- 
mer is  of  too  ethereal  a  nature  to  be  brought  within 
the  purview  of  our  terrestrial  senses.  The  retina  of 
a  terrestrial  eye  is  too  gross  to  receive  an  impression 
of  it  or  to  reflect  it ;  the  drum  of  the  terrestrial  ear 
is  too  thick  to  vibrate  at  the  sound  of  its  voice ;  the 
terrestrial  nostril  has  not  sufficient  sagacity  to 
detect  its  fragrance ;  the  terrestrial  palate  cannot 
discern  its  flavor ;  neither  can  the  terrestrial  nerve 
detect  its  touch.  Consequently  the  chemical  lab- 
oratory has  no  power  over  it,  neither  can  any 
analytical  test  be  made  of  it:  therefore,  when  once 
formed  into  a  body,  nothing  can  decompose  it  but 
the  omnipotent  force  which  formed  it.  Terres- 
trial matter  alone  is  subject  to  decomposition  when 
once  formed  into  a  substantial  body ;  but  when  we 
are  released  from  the  terrestrial  element  of  our 
bodies,  that  celestial  body  is  as  visible  to  our  celes- 
tial eyes,  and  its  voice  as  distinctly  heard  by  our 
celestial  ears,  and  a  celestial  person  will  be  as 
readily  comprehended  by  our  celestial  senses,  as 
a  terrestrial  body  is  to  our  terrestrial  senses :  but 
no  eye  will  ever  see  an  intellectual  spirit  or  force 
of  growth,  nor  the  form  of  an  organic  law. 

In  proving  this  hypothesis,  it  is  not  necessary  to 


G8  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

call  as  witnesses  the  seers  of  the  olden  time,  nor 
Paul,  nor  John,  nor  Swedenborg,  nor  Andrew 
Jackson  Davis,  nor  even  modern  clairvoyants. 
All  that  any  person  has  to  do  is  to  review  his  own 
experience. 

Who  is  there  that  has  not  dreamed  and  remem- 
bered and  told  his  dreams?  When  the  intellectual 
spirit  has  ceased  its  agitation  of  the  nervous  system, 
and  given  it  over  into  the  hands  of  the  force  of 
animal  growth  to  repair  the  damages  of  the  day's 
contests,  and  it  is  stretched  out,  a  vital  emblem  of 
a  corpse,  in  an  insensible  condition,  while  the  re- 
pairs are  being  made,  who  is  there  that  has  not 
stepped  out  of  his  terrestrial  habitation,  and  not 
only  seen  but  conversed  with  his  departed  friends, 
and  been  warned  of  coming  dangers  or  impressed 
with  coming  joys? 

Thus  every  person  is  convinced  by  his  own  ex- 
perience that  within  his  terrestrial  body,  and 
pervading  every  part  of  it,  there  is  a  celestial 
body,  over  which  the  explosive  and  decomposing 
forces  of  terrestrial  bodies  have  no  power,  and  that 
there  must  be  the  same  number  of  simple  celestial 
elements  out  of  which  the  combinations  are  made ; 
for  the  effects  are  equal,  and  the  variety  of  com- 
binations uniform.  Without  this  celestial  body 
there  could  be  no  soul;  ^nd  that  body,  once 
formed,  is  as  imperishable  in  its  constituted  form 
as  the  planetary  system  or  the  throne  of  Jehovah, 
and  nothing  but  his  fiat  can  ever  separate  it  from 


RELATIONS  BETWEEN  SUBSTANCE  AND  FORCE.        69 

the  spiritual  and  constructive  forces  that  formed 
it.  Hence  the  unquestionable  immortality  of  the 
soul.  Being  constituted  of  celestial  substance, 
force,  and  spirit,  it  can  neither  be  decomposed 
nor  cease  to  exist. 

In  this  refined  celestial  state  the  soul  has  no 
power  of  propagation,  and  lives  exclusively  for  its 
own  enjoyment  and  the  set  in  which  it  moves  and 
associating  companions.  A  terrestrial  body  is  an 
indispensable  requisite  to  propagation. 

Concerning  the  terrestrial  part  of  the  animal 
body  there  needs  but  little  explanation.  We  are 
encumbered  with  it;  we  are  tortured  by  its  injury, 
pained  by  its'  repairs,  grieved  by  its  short-com- 
ings, and  anon  overwhelmed  with  joy  by  its 
pleasurable  excitements.  Chemists  have  analyzed 
it,  and  found  it  to  be  combined  of  the  same  simple 
elements  of  which  the  earth  is  composed,  and 
found  it  to  be  a  combined  extract  from  nearly  all 
the  terrestrial  gases,  constantly  changing  old  for 
new  matter,  and  requiring  nightly  repairs  of  the 
breaches  and  bruises  and  losses  it  has  sustained 
in  the  exciting  ]abor  of  the  day;  and  when  the 
soul  gets  tired  of  this  doctoring  and  patching  and 
repairing,  and  bids  it  a  last  farewell,  and  passes 
away  to  the  celestial  sphere,  it  is  readily  decom- 
posed by  the  surrounding  chemical  influences,  and 
returns  to  its  elementary  condition,  except  the 
teeth  and  bones,  which  stand  the  test  of  nature's 
laboratory  much  longer.  It  is  merely  a  breeding 


70  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

tenement,  and  bears  a  similar  relation  to  the  soul 
that  a  larva  does  to  a  miller  and  a  chrysalis  to  a 
butterfly:  a  copulating  bed,  in  which  the  soul 
repeats  itself  and  increases  the  number  of  its 
species:  a  terrestrial  model,  in  which  the  force 
of  growth  casts  a  brood  of  new  specimens  in  the 
specific  form  of  which  itself  is  the  pattern,  and  it 
is  of  so  perishable  a  nature,  that  twenty-five  years 
is  about  the  average  length  of  time  that  the  soul 
of  man  can  manage  to  patch  it  up  as  a  tenement 
for  that  purpose.  But  without  its  assistance  no 
new  souls  could  be  propagated,  no  increase  in  the 
family  of  a  species  could  be  produced.  And  even 
the  simple  elements  of  this  terrestrial  body  are  of 
too  aeriform  a  nature  to  be  seen  with  th'e  terrestrial 
eye,  and  are  called  material  gases;  but  when 
properly  combined,  become  solids,  crystals,  dia- 
monds, bones,  muscles,  nerves,  flesh,  and  blood, 
in  which  we  begin  our  existence:  but  when  at 
large,  their  relations  to  each  other  are  repel iant, 
so  that  an  overpowering  force  is  required  to  make 
any  substantial  combination  of  them. 

The  simple  elements  of  celestial  substance  bear 
the  same  repellant  relations  to  each  other,  and  can 
only  be  forced  into  a  combination  through  the  aid 
of  material  fluids  and  bodies,  and  are  called  celes- 
tial gases  or  elements  of  substance. 

The  simple  elements  of  organic  force  bear  the 
same  repellant  relation  to  each  other,  and  can  only 
be  forced  into  a  combination  for  a  useful  purpose 


RELATIONS  BETWEEN  SUBSTANCE  AND  FORCE.        71 

by  an  overpowering  force  as  potent  as  that  which 
condenses  steam  for  a  propelling  power,  without 
which  each  mite  would  dance  its  own  little  war 
hornpipe  throughout  the  endless  rounds  of  eter- 
nity, of  no  more  use  than  floating  steam. 

That  those  mites  pervade  the  atmosphere  as 
plentifully  as  the  material  gases  is  easily  demon- 
strated. Pulverize  any  substance,  even  flint  glass, 
to  an  impalpable  powder,  so  that  a  particle  of  it  is 
reduced  in  weight  to  within  the  power  of  a  mite  to 
move  it,  and  place  a  small  quantity  of  these  im- 
palpable molecules  under  a  microscope,  and  you 
will  see  th'em  tossed  about  in  a  very  lively  manner 
by  those  mite  forces,  not  in  the  least  tending  to  a 
massive  combination.  Thus  those  elements  of 
organic  force  float  through  the  atmosphere, 
mingling  with  the  material  gases  in  the  same 
atmosphere,  pushing  and  thrusting  and  tossing 
them  about  in  the  most  useless  frolicsome  manner, 
as  steam  when  released  from  the  pipe  of  an  engine 
makes  a  sudden  commotion,  but  to  no  useful  pur- 
pose. Its  mechanical  service  was  rendered  in  a 
condensing  cylinder.  So  with  the  mites  of  organic 
force:  they  must  be  combined  by  as  potent  a  force 
to  become  a  constructing  pattern  of  any  thing. 

The  simple  elements  of  intellectual  spirit  also 
bear  the  same  repellant  relation  to  each  other.  Each 
atom,  content  with  a  bare  consciousness  of  its  own 
existence,  would  loaf  through  the  immensity  of 
space  forever,  except  it  was  combined  by  an  irre- 


72  SCIENCE  OF  SENSmiLITY. 

sistible  force,  and  in  that  passive  state  of  existence 
they  are  as  useless  for  any  intelligent  purpose  as 
iron  in  the  mines  is  for  mechanical  implements. 
The  individual  specimens  of  the  simple  elements 
of  intelligent  spirit  we  call  atoms.  That  these 
spiritual  atoms  pervade  the  atmosphere  in  about 
equal  proportion  with  forcible  mites,  celestial 
gases,  and  terrestrial  molecules,  is  clearly  demon- 
strated by  the  daily  propagations  of  new  souls 
which  they  endow  with  brilliant  intellects,  and 
the  mighty  throng  of  new-born  souls  in  the  ani- 
mal kingdom,  which  are  constantly  marching  on 
the  stage  of  action  through  the  door  of  copulation, 
and  up  to  their  celestial  home  through  the  dark 
curtain  of  death ;  and  each  conception  makes  a 
draft  on  those  fbating  spiritual  atoms,  forcible 
mites,  celestial  gases,  and  terrestrial  molecules. 
The  lungs  of  the  male  collects  them  in  the  process 
of  breathing,  and  forces  them  into  the  veinous  cir- 
culation, from  which  the  testicles  secrete  them,  and 
combine  them  into  the  specific  form  of  the  pattern 
manifested  in  the  first  soul  of  the  species,  and 
there  it  becomes  an  independent  self-acting  mini- 
ature soul,  from  which  it  is  discharged  into  the 
ovarium  of  the  female  through  the  act  of  sexual  in- 
tercourse, and  finds  its  way  to  the  ovoid  which  she 
has  prepared  for  its  sustenance,  in  which  it  com- 
mences the  work  of  life,  where  it  is  nourished  and 
nursed  up  to  a  state  of  ability  to  provide  for  itself. 
Thus  the  soul  of  man  is  formed,  and  thus  the  soul 


RELATIONS  BETWEEN  SUBSTANCE  AND  FORCE.        73 

of  a  monkey,  cat,  fowl,  fish,  and  insect,  all  from 
the  same  aerial  elements  of  animal  life ;  and  the 
difference  in  form  of  body,  muscular  strength,  in- 
telligence, and  reasoning  capacity  is  owing  to  a 
difference  in  the  equivalent  proportions 'used  in 
combining  and  constructing  the  pattern  in  the  form 
of  the  primitive  soul  of  the  species. 

The  form  of  the  pattern  fixed  in  the  first  pair 
of  a  new  creation  of  animals  determines  the  spe- 
cific form  of  body,  strength  of  muscle,  intelligence, 
and  work  or  habit  of  life  of  the  species  to  the  end 
of  their  ability  to  propagate,  if  such  a  time  ever 
comes.  Neither  can  they  change  it  any  more  than 
a  diamond  can  change  its  brilliancy,  a  crystal  its 
angle  and  cleavage,  water  its  refreshing  effect,  the 
atmospheric  air  its  nourishing  qualities,  or  elec- 
tricity its  explosive  force.  And  there  are  very 
strong  proofs  of  the  correctness  of  the  above  hy- 
pothesis ;  for  there  is  about  the  same  difference 
between  the  intelligence  of  a  man  and  a  monkey 
that  there  is  between  the  density  and  hardness  of 
a  diamond  and  that  of  water. 

As  the  souls  of  animals  gather  their  typical 
spirit,  force,  celestial  substance,  and  terrestrial 
matter  from  a^ common  atmosphere,  and  work  it 
into  their  own  specific  pattern  in  texture  of  flesh, 
strength  of  muscle,  tension  of  nerve,  sensitive- 
ness of  brain,  strength  of  bone,  sensibility,  and 
reasoning  capacity,  in  persevering  constancy  to 
their  primitive  pattern  through  all  their  propa- 


74  SCIENCE  OE  SENSIBILITY. 

gating  generations,  so  do  the  vegetable  forces 
spread  out  their  roots  and  fibrils  through  the 
same  soil,  interlacing  each  other  in  all  directions, 
and  they  shoot  out  their  branches,  interlocking 
each  other  in  a  tangled  net-work  of  limbs  and 
twigs,  and  flout  their  leaTy  lungs  in  the  same  at- 
mosphere, gathering  in  their  vital  forces  and  inert 
matter  from  the  same  elements  out  of  which  each 
specific  plant  repeats  itself  in  the  pattern  of  its 
primitive  type,  each  reproducing  the  specific  form 
of  plant,  fragrance  of  flower,  quality  of  fruit,  and 
pungency  of  seed — as  it  was  said  in  the  olden 
time,  " every  tree  bearing  fruit  after  its  kind." 

Out  of  the  same  earthy  solutions  and  atmos- 
pheric vapor  the  oak  produces  acorns,  the  apple- 
tree  apples,  cherry-trees  cherries:  growing  grain, 
corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  peas,  beans,  and  barley 
from  the  same  soil,  with  their  fibrils  interlacing 
each  other ;  and  crowded  in  among  them  may  be 
seen  the  thistle  producing  thorns,  and  the  fig- 
tree  figs.  Thus  in  constancy  of  species  the  vege- 
table and  animal  kingdoms  are  equal,  and  both 
draw  their  simple  elements  from  the  same  sources. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  SOUND.  75 


CHAPTEK  V. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  SOUND. 

Another  department  of  the  universe  is  repre- 
sented by  sound,  the  property  of  which  is  signifi- 
cation, and  next  to  light  is  the  greatest  medium 
through  which  souls  acquire  knowledge. 

Expert  linguists  in  the  science  of  sound  have 
demonstrated  the  fact,  that  in  the  department  of 
sound  there  are  just  se^en  simple  elements,  and 
have  made  that  the  axiom  on  which  language  and 
music  are  bast-d.  Every  sound  which  a  soul  takes 
cognizance  of  brings  with  it  a  sense  of  significancy, 
and  if  often  repeated,  the  cause  is  searched  out 
and  the  signification  demonstrated  and  remem- 
bered ;  and  among  men  it  is  not  only  remembered, 
but  recorded  in  books  for  the  instruction  of  the 
coming  generations,  which  is  termed  written  lan- 
guage. Man  is  the  only  animal  which  has  a  writ- 
ten language,  but  every  other  species  of  animal 
has  a  vocal  language,  by  which  two  or  more  may 
converse,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  exchanging 
their  limited  number  of  ideas  with  the  same  satis- 
faction that  men  do  their  myriads. 

For  the  purposes  of  literature  linguists  have 
invented  certain  characters  as  representatives  of 
sound :  some  languages  have  more  and  some  less. 


76  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

The  English  language  has  twenty-six  characters, 
seven  of  which  represent  simple  sounds,  and  nine- 
teen represent  derivative  sounds. 

The  twenty-six  characters  representing  sound 
in  the  English  language,  when  arranged  in  the 
alphabet,  are  of  no  more  use  for  purposes  of  lan- 
guage than  atoms  of  spirit,  mites  of  force,  and 
molecules  of  matter ;  in  their  simple  uncombined 
state  each  has  a  sound  which  ends  in  the  charac- 
ter itself,  and  that  is  all  the  significance  there  is 
in  it.  But  when  combined  into  syllables  their  sig- 
nificance increases,  and  when  syllables  are  formed 
into  words  they  have  a  different  import.  When 
words  are  constructed  into  sentences  their  purport 
is  more  significant,  and  sentences  combined  into 
history,  essays,  scientific  instruction,  mathemati- 
cal problems,  arguments,  addresses,  speeches,  ha- 
rangues, orations,  and  poetry,  become  the  axle, 
lever,  and  machinery  by  which  governments  are 
regulated,  religious  worship  conducted,  com- 
merce carried  on,  and  all  society  organized  and 
disbanded;  political  factions  begin  and  end,  kings 
are  made  and  unmade,  and  kingdoms  and  em- 
pires rise  and  fall.  They  are  to  the  intellectual 
spirit  of  the  soul  what  the  simple  elements  of  sub- 
stance are  to  the  body ,  and  the  same  simple  sounds 
are  as  repellant  to  each  other  as  are  the  simple 
elements  of  either  department  of  the  universe ;  for 
no  syllable  can  be  formed  of  two  or  more  vowel 
sounds  and  give  each  vowel  its  full  simple  sound. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  SOUND.  77 

In  the  formation  of  syllables,  one  or  more  char- 
acters representing  derivative  sounds  must  inter- 
vene between  two  vowels ;  hence  the  necessity  for 
nineteen  characters  representing  derivative  sounds, 
for  seven  representing  simple  sounds ;  and  like  all 
other  simple  elements,  they  have  to  be  combined 
and  recombined  into  equivalent  structures  to  pro- 
duce any  effect ;  in  fact,  the  only  effect  of  any  sim- 
ple element  in  the  universe  begins  and  ends  in 
itself;  at  least  in  all  the  foregoing  departments 
the  simple  elements  repel  each  other,  and  all  use- 
ful combinations  necessarily  must  be  made  by  a 
force  outside  of  and  independent  of  them,  and  nec- 
essarily for  some  definite  purpose,  and  every  pur- 
pose must  be  preceded  by  a  design,  and  every  de- 
sign is  the  effect  of  some  process  of  reasoning  which 
soul  alone  has  capacity  for,  and  an  intellectual 
spirit  is  the  mainspring  and  sole  conductor  of  the 
whole  process  of  reasoning  by  which  a  design  can 
be  formed  or  a  purpose  marked  out;  therefore, 
whenever  a  sound  is  heard,  if  traced  back  to  its 
first  cause,  it  will  be  found  to  be  the  effect  of  a 
design  which  was  worked  out  by  a  sensible  soul ; 
and  the  combination  of  every  body  or  substance 
visible  to  our  terrestrial  senses  is  the  work  of  an 
independent  intelligent  soul. 

The  souls  of  animals,  even  man  himself,  have  no 
synthetic  influence  over  the  simple  element  of  the 
first  four  departments  already  considered,  except 
to  construct  their  own  bodies  out  of  them  in  the 


78  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

same  insensible  manner  that  a  vegetable  performs 
similar  work.  The  forces  for  organizing  them 
can  only  be  constituted  by  an  infinite  intelligence. 
Neither  has  man  power  to  decompose  anything 
but  terrestrial  matter. 

The  chemist,  with  all  his  explosive  forces,  in- 
tensified caloric,  and  corrosive  acids,  can  touch 
nothing  but  matter :  acids,  fire,  and  electricity  have 
no  more  analytical  effect  on  the  substance  of  which 
the  celestial  body  of  a  soul  is  composed  than  nitric 
acid  has  on  gold ;  and  even  over  the  simple  ele- 
ments of  that  he  has  no  power  of  organism,  he 
can  only  decompose.  In  vain  the  alchemist  la- 
bored for  centuries  to  discover  the  process  by 
which  gold  was  constituted,  and  just  as  vainly  are 
some  now  trying  to  make  diamonds.  They  are 
composed  of  equivalent  extracts  from  the  same 
simple  elements  from  which  water  is  constituted, 
but  by  a  different  combining  force,  which  Infinite 
Intelligence  alone  comprehends. 

But  over  the  simple  elements  of  sound  man  has 
as  perfect  power  of  combination  and  organic  control 
as  Infinite  Wisdom  has  over  the  simple  elements 
of  the  universe,  and  has  produced  about  the  same 
number  of  specific  effects  by  a  change  in  the  com- 
bination of  them  that  Infinite  Wisdom  has  pro- 
duced by  a  change  in  the  combination  of  the  same 
simple  elements  of  either  of  the  first  four  depart- 
ments, considered  under  the  titles  of  Intellectual 
Spirit,  Organic  Force,  Celestial  Substance.,  and  Ter- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  SOUND.  79 

restrial  Matter;  the  sequence  of  which  is,  that 
the  numher  of  simple  elements  is  equal,  and  that 
Infinite  Wisdom  has  exhausted  the  difference  in 
specific  effects  to  he  produced  hy  a  change  in 
equivalent  comhinatious. 

Musicians  have  also  hased  their  science  of  music 
on  the  same  axiom  of  seven  simple  sounds,  and 
the  change  of  harmony  which  has  already  heen 
produced  is  heyond  the  comprehension  of  any  one 
mind,  and  when  they  are  exhausted  will  agree  in 
number  with  that  of  language,  and  both  together 
with  the  other  four  departments. 

The  diatonic  scale  used  by  all  composers  of 
music  contains  eight  notes,  representing  a  rising 
and  falling  scale,  the  first  seven  of  which  repre- 
sent seven  simple  ascending  sounds,  and  the 
eighth  is  a  repetition  of  the  first,  an  octave  above. 

By  a  change  in  the  combination  of  these  seven 
simple  representatives  of  sound  all  vocal  and  in- 
strumental music  is  produced,  and  the  song  of 
every  bird  may  be  represented,  learned,  and  per- 
formed by  an  intelligent  musician.  Thus  we  dis- 
cover that  the  finite  intelligence  of  man  has  the 
same  synthetic  power  of  producing  a  change, 
in  effect,  by  changing  the  equivalent  combina- 
tions of  proportional  quantities  from  seven  simple 
sounds,  that  the  infinite  intelligence  of  God  has 
in  combining  all  the  other  simple  elements  of 
the  universe. 


80  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  LIGHT. 

The  next  department  in  the  great  division  of 
universal  philosophy,  which  we  have  been  led 
into  for  the  purpose  of  analogical  demonstration, 
and  with  which  the  science  of  sensibility  is  very 
intimately  connected,  is  light,  which  undoubtedly 
has  a  specific  group  of  simple  elements  as  distinct 
from  the  other  five  as  celestial  matter  is  from  ter- 
restrial, and  as  organic  forces  are  from  spiritual ; 
and  upon  consulting  science  as  to  the  number  of 
those  simple  elements,  we  find  the  following 
axiom,  (see  Comstock's  Philosophy  Revised,  page 
276:) 

"If  a  ray  of  light  be  admitted  into  a  dark  room 
through  a  window-shutter,  and  allowed  to  pass 
through  a  triangular-shaped  glass  called  a  prism, 
the  ray  will  be  decomposed,  and  instead  of  a  spot 
of  white  there  will  be  seen  on  the  opposite  wall  a 
most  brilliant  display  of  colors,  including  all  those 
seen  in  the  rainbow,  which  are  clearly  defined  by 
distinct  lines,  apparently  divided  by  their  density 
as  follows,  viz:  At  the  bottom,  and  apparently 
the  densest,  red;  next  in  density,  orange;  next, 
yellow;  then  green,  blue,  indigo,  and  violet." 

Thus  science  demonstrates  that  a  ray  of  light 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LIGHT.  81 

is  composed  of  seven  simple  specific  colors,  in 
which  there  is  no  more  light,  in  their  simple  un- 
combined  state,  than  there  is  in  a  lump  of  char- 
coal, until  brought  within  the  synthetic  influence 
and  combining  force  of  the  sun,  whereof,  by  an 
equivalent  mingling  and  mixing  and  combining 
of  equivalent  parts  from  the  seven  simple  colors, 
a  flood  of  light  is  produced  which  radiates  into 
space  and  enlightens  the  universe.  Those  seven 
simple  colors,  in  their  uncombined  state,  are  a 
mist  of  total  darkness,  and  as  imperceptible  to 
any  of  the  five  senses  of  a  terrestrial  animal  as  the 
molecules  of  matter  or  celestial  substance,  mite  of 
organic  force  or  atom  of  spirit ;  hut  by  an  artistic 
combination,  which  is  just  equivalent  to  an  illu- 
minating ray,  the  universe  is  able  to  demonstrate 
itself  to  the  knowledge  of  souls  through  the  sense 
of  seeing,  which  is  one  of  the  principal  mediums 
through  which  any  soul  acquires  knowledge. 
These  rays  of  light,  in  coursing  through  the  im- 
mensity of  space,  are  at  length,  by  some  imper- 
ceptibly slow  process  of  analysis,  finally  decom- 
posed, and  return  to  their  simple  opaque  elements, 
in  which  condition  their  relations  to  each  other  are 
repulsive.  Consequently  they  spread  out  to  equal- 
ize their  department  of  color  elements  in  universal 
space ;  and  as  the  sun  is  making  an  eternal  effort 
to  create  a  vacuum  of  simple  colors  in  its  vicinity, 
they  rush  off  in  that  direction  to  counteract  it, 
where  the  consumption  is  so  great,  that  a  move- 
6 


82  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

ment  in  that  direction  of  the  simple  elements  of 
light  is  going  on  from  the  extremities  of  universal 
space,  and,  like  all  other  great  bodies  put  in  mo- 
tion drawing  to  a  common  center,  they  become 
compressed  at  that  center,  so  that  there  never  can 
be  any  lack  of  simple  elements  for  the  manufacture 
of  light  at  the  great  orb  of  illumination. 

The  repulsive  nature  of  all  simple  elements 
renders  them  antagonistic  to  space,  and  however 
few  there  are  of  them  in  a  bottle,  they  will  place 
themselves  at  an  equal  distance  apart  till  every 
nook  and  corner  is  filled  in  equal  proportion; 
therefore  it  is  presumed  that  there  is  no  vacuum 
in  nature,  and  that  each  of  the  specific  elements 
of  the  six  grand  divisions  pervades  universal  space 
in  the  most  equitable  condition,  keeping  up  an 
uncompromising  hostility  to  vacuum ;  consequent- 
ly no  useful  organization  could  be  accomplished  in 
any  one  of  the  departments  without  an  overpow- 
ering force,  controlled  by  a  sovereign  will,  for  the 
accomplishment  of  a  fixed  purpose,  designed  by 
a  process  of  reasoning  from  cause  to  effect,  by  an 
intellectual  spirit  operating  on  the  sensational 
machinery  of  the  mind  of  a  living  soul,  made  up 
of  a  celestial  Ipody,  organic  force,  and  intellectual 
spirit. 

These  simple  colors  pervading  the  atmosphere 
become  impregnated  in  the  combining  masses  of 
all  substances  and  become  a  fixture,  a  sort  of  pris- 
oner in  a  foreign  substance,  and  when  a  ray  of 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LIGHT.  83 

light  penetrates  to  the  place  of  their  confinement, 
the  color  reflects  its  fellow  from  that  ray,  and 
thus  is  able  to  demonstrate  its  presence,  and 
thus  the  whole  art  of  painting  consists  in  com- 
bining paints  which  hold  these  simple  elements 
of  light  in  combined  proportion  to  reflect  just  the 
colors  to  produce  the  effect  designed  by  the  artist ; 
and  all  that  exquisite  beauty  of  colors  in  the  floral 
kingdom  is  produced  by  the  blending  of  equiva- 
lent parts  from  these  seven  simple  elements  of 
color  in  the  growth  of  the  plant;  and  the  color  of 
precious  stones  and  earthy  substances  of  every  kind 
owe  their  peculiar  colors  to  the  specific  simple  ele- 
ment of  light  infused  into  them  during  the  process 
of  solidification  or  crystallization ;  and  the  color  of 
blood,  flesh,  skin,  and  hair  of  animals  depends 
entirely  on  the  equivalent  proportions  of  the  sim- 
ple colors  secreted  by  the  lungs  and  communicated 
to  the  blood  during  the  act  of  breathing.  Thus 
these  simple  colors  in  combination  with  material 
substances  are  mere  reflectors  of  their  own  color 
from  a  ray  of  light,  but  when  combined  by  the 
sun  they  become  an  illuminating  beam,  and  are 
radiated  to  make  the  location  of  their  fellows, 
which  have  become  substantially  combined,  visi- 
ble. 

We  have  now  briefly  glanced  at  five  of  the  great 
divisions  of  the  universal  elements  of  nature,  com- 
mencing at  the  base  and  working  our  way  up  to 
the  head  of  Infinite  Intelligence ;  in  doing  which 


84  SCIENCE  OF  SENSIBILITY. 

we  have  discovered  that  substantial  bodies  are  of 
two  distinct  natures,  being  combined  from  two 
different  series  of  simple  elements :  one  from  ter- 
restrial, the  other  from  celestial  elements  ;  and 
that  one  is  a  terrestrial  body  subject  to  decompo- 
sition by  chemical  analysis,  and  that  the  other  is 
a  celestial  body  on  which  chemical  solvents  have 
no  effect. 

We  have  also  found  that  organic  forces  are 
combined  and  constructed  for  useful  purposes  from 
two  distinct  series  of  simple  elements :  one  a 
simple  converter  of  fluids  into  solids  by  the  rapid 
process  of  congealation  or  crystallization  ;  the 
other  a  vital  force  of  growth,  building  up  its 
structure  from  a  germinating  seed  to  a  magnificent 
tree  of  a  thousand  years'  growth,  and  from  an 
impregnated  ovoid  to  a  powerful  animal,  requiring 
from  one  to  twenty  years  to  complete  the  structure. 
So  that  we  are  now  prepared  to  investigate  the 
axiom  demonstrated  by  the  following  chapter,  viz: 
That  the  simple  elements  of  spiritual  intelligence 
are  divided  into  two  series,  finite  and  infinite. 


FINITE  AND  INFINITE.  85 


CHAPTER  VII. 

FINITE  AND  INFINITE. 

As  all  the  elements  of  nature  included  in  the  five 
departments  treated  upon  in  the  foregoing  chap- 
ters are  repulsive  in  their  relations  to  each  other, 
that  determines  their  status  as  infinitesimally 
finite,  as  each  elementary  atom  of  spirit,  mite  of 
force,  and  molecule  of  substance  places  itself  at 
an  equal  distance  from  its  fellows,  in  everlasting 
antagonism  to  vacuum,  and  eternal  hostility  to 
any  combination  that  would  be  likely  to  produce 
it,  it  necessarily  follows  that  no  body,  ponderable 
or  imponderable,  could  be  formed  by  spontaneous 
combination  or  mutual  attraction  for  any  purposes 
in  those  departments :  consequently  the  great  work 
of  creation  must  have  had  its  origin  in  another  de- 
partment, which,  in  our  present  mode  of  treating 
the  subject,  falls  under  the  head  of  department 
number  seven.  ^ 

The  series  of  elements  in  this  seventh  depart- 
ment, in  their  relations  toward  each  other,  are 
all  coherent,  and  spontaneously  combine  them- 
selves into  sensational  lines  and  a  spiritual  focus, 
converging  from  tlie  extremity  of  natural  elements 
to  a  mathematical  point,  in  a  similar  manner  to 
that  represented  by  the  rays  of  the  sun  in  illumi- 


8r>  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

nating  nature  by  radiating  lines  from  the  sun's 
focus. 

The  cohesive  tendency  of  these  elements  to 
spontaneous  combinations  into  sensational  lines, 
extending  from  a  focus  coextensive  with  all  natu- 
ral elements,  in  unbroken  lines  of  nervous  sensa- 
tion, constitutes  their  status,  infinite,  unbroken  in 
lines,  unbounded  in  extent,  unvarying  in  sensa- 
tional excitement  to  useful  industry  and  profitable 
development  of  the  resources  of  nature,  by  present- 
ing an  infinite  knowledge  of  the  quality  of  each 
simple  element  at  the  focal  eyeball,  and  keeping  up 
a  constant  impression  on  the  retina,  of  the  infinite 
resources  of  nature,  waiting  for  an  Infinite  Intelli- 
gence to  develop  them. 

Without  an  intelligent  head  at  the  focal  termi- 
nus of  this  nervous  system,  to  investigate,  design, 
will,  and  execute,  it  was  of  no  more  use  in  nature 
than  the  embryo  pattern  of  a  man  while  confined 
in  the  testicles  of  its  sire,  where  it  is  formed. 

That  infinite  system  of  sensational  lines  and 
spiritual  focus  was  the  fecundity  of  a  personal 
representative  of  Omnipotent  Infinitude,  and  all 
that  was  necessary  to  produce  it  was  an  ovoid  filled 
with  just  the  proper  substances  from  the  terrestrial 
and  celestial  departments  of  simple  elements,  out 
of  which  the  body  could  be  formed. 

This  infinite  fecundity  embodied  in  itself  the 
nature  of  both  sexes  for  the  production  of  its  per- 
sonal representative,  and  as  the  mother  gathers 


FINITE  AND  INFINITE.  87 

from  the  aliments  of  nature  the  specific  material 
for  the  embryo  of  her  offspring  to  commence  life 
in,  and  condenses  it  in  an  ovoid  in  her  ovarium, 
ready  for  impregnation  by  the  male  at  the  proper 
period  of  maturity,  so  this  infinite  system  of  nerves, 
being  in  communication  with  every  simple  element 
of  nature,  gathered  the  substance  and  formed  the 
infinite  ovoid  at  its  focal  ovarium,  and  at  the 
proper  period  of  maturity  the  combined  force  of 
personal  growth  and  Infinite  Spirit  of  Intelligence 
of  the  department  having  been  formed  into  an  in- 
finite embryo,  entered  into  the  ovoid  and  com- 
menced the  work  of  constructing  its  own  form  in 
a  similar  manner  to  that  in  which  the  finite  em- 
bryo of  a  man  commences  the  construction  of  his 
body  in  the  mother's  ovarium,  and  worked  it  up  to 
the  stature  of  a  God  by  the  slow  process  of  growth, 
very  much  in  the  same  way  that  the  fo3tus  of  a 
man  works  his  soul  up  to  the  estate  of  manhood. 
Man  is  nourished  and  cherished  through  his 
embryo  and  infantile  state  by  the  paternal  care 
and  veinous  feeding  of  his  mother ;  God,  by  the 
fecundating  nerves  of  his  own  system :  and  having 
arrived  at  the  stature  of  a  God,  he  was  inevitably 
an  infinite  worker,  being  endowed  with  an  infinite 
capacity  for  investigation  and  understanding  of 
nature's  elements,  designing  of  patterns  and 
equivalent  combinations  to  fill  them,  omnipotent 
power  to  execute,  and  infinite  resources  to  work 
with,  he  commenced  his  work  of  creation,  that  will 


88  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

never  cease  till  the  resources  of  nature  are  ex- 
hausted. 

It  is  not  necessary  that  the  person  of  God  should 
be  very  large.  Five  feet  seven  inches  in  height,  and 
one  hundred  and  forty-four  pounds  in  weight,  is 
about  the  average  size  of  distinguished  men — men 
who  have  made  themselves  distinguished  by  their 
own  mental  powers  and  intuitive  genius ;  and  that 
is  supposed  to  be  the  size  of  the  person  called  Christ, 
who  was  the  son  of  Mary,  the  wife  of  a  carpenter, 
andworkedatthattradetill  he  was  twenty -seven  yrars 
of  age,  with  only  such  knowledge  of  human  litera- 
ture as  apprentices  and  sons  of  poor  mechanics 
were  able  to  acquire  in  those  days,  who,  by  the 
power  of  exemplary  preaching,  and  the  help  of  a 
few  poor  illiterate  fishermen  and  laboring  men, 
employed  in  promulgating  the  same  truths,  revo- 
lutionized the  religious  dogmas  and  worship  of 
mankind,  prostrated  all  temples  erected  to  the 
worship  of  heathen  gods,  and  built  upon  their 
ruins  a  multitude  of  temples  to  the  worship  of  his 
Father  and  our  God,  and  destroyed  kings,  over- 
turned dynasties,  and  dealt  a  death-blow  to  human 
sovereignty,  which  is  just  ready  to  tumble  into 
the  grave  of  oblivion,  and  established  the  epoch 
from  which  time  is  reckoned. 

When  Philip  said  unto  him  "Shew  us  the 
Father,"  he  answered,  "Have  I  been  so  long 
time  with  you,  and  yet  hast  thou  not  known  me, 
Philip?  he  that  hath  seen  me,  hath  seen  the 


FINITE  AND  INFINITE.  89 

Father;  and  how  gayest  thou  then,  Shew  us  the 
Father?"  The  axiom  that  like  father  like  son, 
and  that  in  the  son  we  see  the  specific  form  of  the 
father,  is  too  well  established  to  be  doubted  by 
any  body  except  some  natural,  who  still  believes 
the  world  is  flat.  That  he  was  what  he  repre- 
sented himself  to  be — the  verily  begotten  Son  of 
God — is  substantially  sustained  by  thousands  of 
temples  in  cities,  churches  in  hamlets,  and  meet- 
ing-houses at  cross-roads  throughout  America, 
Europe,  and  Africa,  dedicated  to  the  worship  of 
his  Father,  and  from  which  the  doctrines  which 
he  taught  are  proclaimed  every  Sabbath,  where, 
at  the  time  of  his  birth,  they  were  governed  by 
pagan  dynasties,  and  the  only  temple  of  religious 
worship  was  dedicated  to  pagan  gods  and  devour- 
ing beastly  deities,  and  daily  sacrifices  of  men, 
women,  and  children  were  made,  all  of  which 
tumbled  down  at  the  feet  of  his  successors ;  and 
the  entire  heads  of  governments  now  profess  to 
believe  in  him,  his  doctrines,  and  his  Father,  as 
their  only  God. 

For  any  man  to  assert  that  a  poor  illiterate 
carpenter  and  a  few  illiterate  fishermen  could  have 
done  this,  except  they  were  backed  up  by  the  om- 
nipotent power  of  Jehovah,  is  simply  preposterous, 
and  still  more  soHo  say  that  God  would  have  sus- 
tained an  imposter  who  came  into  the  world  with 
a  lie  in  his  mouth,  and  declared  himself  to  be  the 
begotten  Son  of  God  when  he  was  not. 


90  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

They  who  saw  Christ  saw  the  specific  form  of 
him  whose  intellectual  spirit  is  the  concentrated 
force  of  all  the  intelligence  in  the  sphere  of  infini- 
tude ;  and  in  the  form  of  the  person  manifested  in 
Christ  they  saw  the  personal  form  of  him  who 
sitteth  on  his  throne,  which  is  the  focus  of  the 
infinite  system  of  sensational  nervation  through 
which  every  simple  element  in  nature,  even  the 
"sanguine  discs"  which  course  through  our  veins 
and  thoughts  in  our  minds  are  constantly  before 
him:  and  this  is  the  reason  why  Christ  said, 
"But  thou,  when  thou  prayest,  enter  into  thy 
closet,  and  when  thou  hast  shut  thy  door,  pray  to 
thy  Father  which  is  in  secret ;  and  thy  Father, 
who  seeth  in  secret,  shall  reward  thee  openly." 
Everything  is  present  with  God,  as  the  tower  or 
mountain  and  star  in  the  far  distance  is  present 
in  the  retina  of  our  eye,  and  as  the  firing  of  the 
distant  cannon  is  impressed  on  the  drum  of  our 
ear. 

This  infinite  system  of  nervation  not  only  com- 
municates intelligence  from  the  boundary  of  nat- 
ural elements  to  the  intelligent  head,  but  they 
transmit  the  fiat  of  Jehovah  to  the  planetary 
forces,  and  control  the  laws  of  nature,  as  the 
nerves  of  a  man  control  the  movements  of  his 
muscles ;  and  the  former  forces  every  movement  of 
the  planets,  as  the  latter  do  the  movements  of  the 
limbs  of  the  body.  And  as  the  nervous  system 
of  a  man  is  connected  with  and  has  its  focal  ter- 


FINITE  AND  INFINITE.  91 

minus  in  his  brain,  extending  from  thence  in  un- 
broken lines  to  the  very  extremity  of  every  part 
of  his  body,  and  his  spirit  alone  can  understand 
their  communications  or  work  them  to  any  pur- 
pose, so  also  this  infinite  system  of  nervation  is 
connected  with  and  has  its  focal  terminus  in 
God's  throne,  extending  from  thence  throughout 
the  immensity  of  space,  and  pervading  the  entire 
simple  element  of  nature,  and  his  Holy  Spirit 
alone  can  understand  their  communications,  or 
dictate  any  movement  through  them. 

They  are  as  essentially  his  property,  and  a  part 
and  parcel  of  himself,  as  the  nerves  of  a  man's 
body  are  of  himself,  or  the  rays  of  the  sun  are  of 
that  orb ;  and  no  person  except  himself,  not  even 
his  well-beloved  and  only-begotten  Son,  can  have 
any  knowledge  of  the  intelligence  which  they 
transmit,  except  he  reveal  it  to  him.  Hence  Christ 
said,  "But  of  that  day  and  that  hour  knoweth 
no  man,  no  not  the  angels  which  are  in  heaven, 
neither  the  Son,  but  the  Father." 

The  official  station  which  the  Son  was  ap- 
pointed and  chosen  to  fill  is  that  of  king  over  the 
animal  kingdom,  and  his  duties  are  those  of  a 
chief  justice  over  all  the  people  of  the  universe, 
both  in  their  terrestrial  and  celestial  states  of  ex- 
istence. 

Judging  between  man  and  man  by  the  law  of 
full  restitution  and  a  just  retribution,  which  the 
Father  established  when  man  was  created,  and 


92  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

while  the  Father  controls  the  elementary  spheres 
and  systems  of  nature,  the  Son  reigns  supreme  in 
the  dynasty  of  man,  not  only  in  the  celestial 
kingdom,  but  also  among  the  inhabitants  of  the 
earth,  which,  though  not  yet  established,  is  only 
a  question  of  time ;  and  as  the  worship  of  the 
Father  has  succeeded  to  the  worship  of  devouring 
beastly  deities  and  stopped  the  daily  sacrifice 
among  men,  and  the  myriads  of  churches  now 
dedicated  to  his  worship  have  been  erected  on  the 
ruins  of  heathen  superstition  and  pagan  temples 
of  human  sacrifice,  so  his  kingdom  of  the  New 
Jerusalem  will  be  established  here  on  earth  upon 
the  ruins  of  devastating  human  sovereignty, 
plundering  kingly  dynasties,  ravaging  imperial 
families,  plundering  republican  rulers,  and  pilfer- 
ing democratic  majorities ;  and  will  put  an  end  to 
robbery  without  restitution,  bloodshed  without 
retribution,  and  fraud  and  trespass  unredressed. 
The  whole  fabric  of  political  frauds,  prerogative 
lies,  imperial  and  kingly  ravagings,  will  be 
swept  away,  and  the  truth,  love,  mercy,  and  jus- 
tice of  Christ's  kingdom  will  succeed  it,  and 
every  man  protected  in  safety  under  his  own  vine 
and  fig-tree:  and  the  accomplishment  of  that  pur- 
pose of  God  is  not  as  far  off  as  most  people  im- 
agine, and  those  who  accept  it  and  fall  upon  it 
shall  be  broken  off  from  all  old  political  associa- 
tions and  ideas,  and  accept  the  new  order  of  things 
as  it  is  presented  to  them  without  comment  or 


FINITE  AND  INFINITE.  93 

amendment,  and  enter  the  new  kingdom  as  a 
little  child  goes  to  his  primary  lesson ;  but  those 
who  oppose  it  and  fall  under  it  shall  be  ground 
to  powder. 

When  this  is  accomplished  the  Father  will  con- 
trol the  national  order,  judicial  system,  and  ex- 
ecutive dispensation  among  men  through  the 
administration  of  the  Son  and  his  appointed 
representatives,  as  he  now  does  the  elements  of 
nature  and  the  spheres  and  organic  bodies  which 
his  own  fiat  has  made  through  the  administra- 
tion of  the  Holy  Spirit  which  pervades  his  throne 
and  the  infinite  system  of  lineal  nervation  which 
centers  in  it,  and  thus  we  have  a  resouable  solu- 
tion of  the  Trinity,  the  necessity  of  it,  and  the 
work  assigned  to  each  of  the  persons,  and  God  is 
the  all  in  all  managing  head  of  it. 

As  the  personal  force  of  growth  in  the  soul  of  a 
man  has  its  seat  in  the  heart,  and  performs  its 
work  in  a  manner  independent  of  the  direct  and 
immediate  attention  of  the  intellectual  spirit, 
but  in  perfect  harmony  with  all  its  ideas,  so  does 
the  Holy  Spirit  of  the  infinite  universe  of  God 
have  its  seat  in  his  throne,  and  performs  its  work 
of  controlling  the  planetary  system  without  the 
immediate  attention  6f  the  Intellectual  Spirit,  but 
always  in  infinite  harmony  with  his  fiat.  The 
galvanic  force  is  a  transmitter  of  finite  intelligence 
through  a  finite  line  of  communication.  The 
Holy  Spirit  is  a  transmitter  of  infinite  intelli- 


94  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

gence  through  an  infinite  line  of  nervation.  The 
force  of  personal  growth  seated  in  the  heart  of  a 
man  is  a  transmitter  of  finite  sensation  through 
his  nervous  system,  at  the  instigation  of  his  finite 
spirit  of  intellect,  which  has  its  seat  in  the  brain. 
The  force  of  the  Holy  Spirit  of  universal  growth 
of  God's  universe,  seated  in  his  throne,  is  a  trans- 
mitter of  infinite  sensation  through  an  infinite 
system  of  nervation  in  perfect  harmony  with  his 
omniscient  ideas. 

The  radiating  sunbeams  are  a  finite  enlightener 
of  the  finite  souls  of  the  animal  kingdom.  The 
converging  lines  of  infinite  sensation  open  up  to 
God  an  omniscient  knowledge  of  all  the  elements 
and  resources  of  nature.  Man  is  a  microcosinic 
of  the  earthly  planet  on  which  he  begins  his  ex- 
istence, partaking  of  the  nature  of  five  finite 
elements.  God  is  an  epitome  of  universal  nature, 
and  not  only  partakes  of  the  nature  of  all  the 
elementary  departments,  but  is  the  organizer  and 
controller  of  all  ponderable  bodies  and  imponder- 
able substances,  and  with  his  infinite  system  of 
nervation  permeates  all  things,  even  to  the  very 
boundary  of  nature's  elements  ;  and  having  an 
omniscient  knowledge  of  the  effect  of  all  the 
changes  which  can  be  made  and  the  mode  of 
making  them  and  the  propensities  of  all  animals, 
he  knows  the  future  omnisciently,  while  we  only 
know  the  past  and  present  finitely. 

Thus  it  is  evident  that  there  is  an  immensely 


FINITE  AND  INFINITE.  95 

greater  difference  between  that  infinite  spirit  which 
endows  God  with  omniscience  and  that  intelligent 
spirit  which  gives  finite  intelligence  to  man  than 
there  is  between  terrestrial  matter  and  celestial 
substance. 

There  is  nothing  any  more  improbable  or  mys- 
terious in  the  axiom  of  this  infinite  system  of  lineal 
nervation  which  endows  God  with  omnipresence, 
omniscience,  and  omnipotence,  than  there  is  in  the 
well-known  fact  that  the  rays  of  the  sun  endow 
that  orb  with  a  capacity  to  illuminate  the  universe 
to  the  same  extent;  and  it  is  just  as  preposterous 
to  say  that  all  this  infinite  variety  of  sun,  planets, 
satellites,  stars,  comets,  mineral  substances,  vege- 
table vitality,  and  animal  life  could  have  been 
created  without  an  intelligent  head  to  dictate  the 
work,  as  it  is  to  say  that  the  rays  of  light  illumi- 
nate the  universe  without  a  sun  to  radiate  them, 
a  railroad  built  without  a  constructor,  and  trains 
run  without  a  conductor. 

From  the  foregoing  mode  of  treating  this  sub- 
ject it  appears  that  the  simple  elements  of  nature 
are  divided  into  seven  grand  departments,  and  that 
six  of  the  departments  are  divided  into  two  serial 
divisions,  which  being  omnigenously  arranged, 
stand  thus: 


96 


SCIENCE  OP  INTELLIGENCE. 


Simple  elements. 

1.  OMNISCIENT  SPIRIT.  7 

Pimple  elements  7 

7 

2      1<  OKCii      0 
OP  ' 

Nervation.      II.  S.     Planetary. 

7 

7 

3                                     5 
LIGHT. 

Natural.                                   ArtifiV 

7 
al. 

7 
Artifi 

4                                                  4 

SOUND. 
eial.                                                    N 

7 
atural. 

7                          5 
Intellectual. 

FINITE  SPIRIT. 

3                           7 

Rensntionnl. 

7                    C 
Growth. 

FINITE  FOKCKS. 

•1                      Y 
Organic. 

7        7 
Cel 
estial. 

SUBSTANCES. 

1        7 
Terre- 
strial. 

Altogether  ninety-one  simple  elements  in  nature, 
out  of  which  all  organic  bodies,  whether  of  spir- 
itual sensibility,  vegetable  vitality,  planetary  sys- 
tem, twinkling  stars,  sound,  light,  and  even  God 
himself,  have  been  constructed;  all  of  which,  in. 
their  uncombined  state,  are  an  ethereal  element. 
Even  the  diamond  is  a  gas,  which  to  our  terrestrial 
senses  is  totally  invisible,  which  led  the  ancients 
to  believe  that  all  visible  substances  had  been  cre- 
ated out  of  nothing ;  which  Christian  science  has 
discovered  to  have  been  constructed  from  ninety- 
one  invisible  simple  elements,  classified  into  seven 
departments,  each  department  into  two  branches, 
and  each  branch  into  seven  simple  elements,  as 
represented  in  the  above  omnigenous  scale. 

In  the  creation  and  controlment  of  the  inanimate 
universe  God's  executive  agent  is  the  Holy  Spirit, 
consisting  of  two  forces:  one  the  force  of  sensation, 
transmitting  intelligence  and  orders  through  the 


FINITE  AND  INFINITE.  97 

infinite  system  of  lineal  nervation ;  the  other  the 
force  which  controls  the  planets  and  leads  them 
through  their  orhits. 

In  the  control  of  the  political  organizations  and 
moral  conduct  of  the  animal  kingdom,  Christ,  his 
only  begotten  Son,  is  his  chief  executive ;  so  that 
science  has  vindicated  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity, 
for  the  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Spirit  are  a  unit  in 
the  government  of  the  universe. 

Man,  too,  has  three  estates  of  existence  to  pass 
through  before  he  arrives  at  his  final  estate  of  man- 
hood, called  heavens.  The  first  is  his  earthly  estate, 
in  which  he  begins  his  existence;  the  second  is 
his  celestial  estate,  in  which  he  becomes  thorough- 
ly renovated  from  all  terrestrial  matter  and  im- 
moral tendencies;  third,  the  estate  of  infinitude, 
where  he  can  see  God  as  he  sees  his  fellows,  and 
enjoy  the  full  fruition  of  infinite  order  and  human 
enjoyment.  Concerning  this  matter  the  Apostle 
Paul  testifies  as  follows,  viz: 

"I  knew  a  man  in  Christ  above  fourteen  years 
ago,  (whether  in  the  bo'dy,  I  cannot  tell;  or 
whether  out  of  the  body,  I  cannot  tell :  God  know- 
eth ;)  such  a  one  caught  up  to  the  third  heaven. 
And  I  knew  such  a  man,  (whether  in  the  body, 
or  out  of  the  body,  I  cannot  tell:  God  knoweth;) 
How  that  he  was  caught  up  into  paradise,  and 
heard  unspeakable  words,  which  it  is  not  lawful 
for  a  man  to  utter." 

If  this  testimony  of  Paul  was  false,  it  is  a  most 
7 


98  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

extraordinary  case  of  perjury ;  for  the  only  reward 
offered  him  in  this  world  was  bonds,  stripes,  im- 
prisonment, and  crucifixion. 

Even  for  the  plain  Christian  doctrines  which  he 
had  ventured  to  preach,  he  testifies  of  his  reward 
as  follows,  viz: 

"Are  they  ministers  of  Christ?  (I  speak  as  a 
fool)  I  am  more;  in  labors  more  abundant,  in 
stripes  above  measure,  in  prisons  more  frequent, 
in  deaths  oft. 

"Of  the  Jews  five  times  received  I  forty  stripes 
save  one.  Thrice  was  I  beaten  with  rods,  once 
was  I  stoned,  thrice  I  suffered  shipwreck,"  and 
many  other  perils  which  he  enumerates. 

This  same  Paul,  before  he  was  converted  to 
Christianity,  was  known  as  Saul  of  Tarsus;  was 
educated  at  the  feet  of  Gamaliel ;  was  a  popular 
orator ;  held  a  lucrative  office  in  the  government; 
was  venerated  by  the  populace  and  respected  by 
princes;  was  very  zealous  in  persecuting  Chris- 
tians, and  even  held  the  garments  of  subordinate 
officers  who  stoned  them ;  and  when  Saul  turned 
Christian,  and  commenced  preaching  the  doctrines 
which  he  held  a  commission  from  the  government 
to  persecute,  he  knew  that  his  reward  in  this  werld 
was  confiscation  of  property  and  loss  of  reputa- 
tion— persecution  in  the  precise  manner  that  he 
had  suffered;  and  certainly  nothing  but  a  visit 
to  the  third  heaven  and  a  high  commission  in  a 
kingdom  which  extends  beyond  the  grave  could 


FINITE  AND  INFINITE.  99 

have  induced  Saul,  the  persecutor,  to  become  a 
preacher  of  persecuted  doctrines.  If  Saul  had  no 
security  for  a  reward  in  the  third  heaven,  it  was 
the  most  extraordinary  change  that  any  edu- 
cated popular  orator  with  a  large  income  ever 
made.  Such  men  change  for  gain,  not  for  stripes 
and  crucifixion.  To  have  spoken  what  we  are 
now  writing  would  have  been  certain  death  to 
Paul,  such  was  the  power  of  human  sovereignty 
at  that  time.  Verily  the  kingdom  of  Christ  on 
earth  was  compelled  to  develop  itself  like  a  grain 
of  mustard  seed — first  a  shoot,  then  a  leaf,  then 
branch  after  branch,  till  the  seed  is  now  ripe  and 
ready  for  the  harvest.  Paul  had  a  commission 
from  Christ  himself,  and  there  are  many  others  to 
be  bestowed  not  many  days  hence. 

A  net-work  of  railroads  for  the  equalization  of 
commerce  and  providing  a  uniform  supply  for 
every  demand  of  the  animal  kingdom  over  the 
face  of  the  whole  earth  is  being  spread  out  over 
it  with  the  same  wonderful  and  mysterious 
progress  that  a  net-work  of  veins  and  arteries  is 
spread  out  through  the  body  of  a  man  for  the  pur- 
pose of  supplying  every  portion  of  it  with  just  the 
substance  needed  for  its  construction  and  repair, 
performing  the  same  function  for  the  corporeal 
person  of  a  man  that  the  net-work  of  railroads  is 
destined  shortly  to  perform  for  the  corporeal  king- 
dom of  Christ ;  and  the  establishment  of  the  heart 
and  focal  terminus  of  it  is  not  far  off. 


100  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

A  system  of  telegraphic  lines  has  nearly  encircled 
the  world  in  the  same  mysterious  manner  that  the 
nervous  system  is  made  to  pervade  a  man's  body, 
which  will  soon  find  their  terminus  in  the  head 
of  the  kingdom  of  Christ,  leading,  straight  out 
from  thence,  and  pervading  every  precinct  and 
school  district  among  men  over  the  face  of  the 
whole  earth,  so  that  each  individual  in  the  king- 
dom can  have  as  instant  a  communication  with 
the  head  of  the  government  as  the  extreme  end  of 
a  toe  or  the  finger  of  a  man  has  with  the  head  of 
its  own  body ;  and  an  injury  done  to  any  person, 
child,  or  animal  will  be  as  certainly  known  at  the 
head,  and  restitution  and  retribution  made  and 
enforced,  as  any  injury  done  to  any  part  of  the 
corporeal  person  of  a  man  is  known  at  the  head, 
and  reconstruction  performed  by  the  force  of 
growth  from  the  seat  of  life. 

The  spiritual  head  of  this  corporate  personifica- 
tion of  divine  government  among  men  is  Christ 
the  only  begotten  son  of  God,  and  the  rule  of 
law  by  which  justice  is  to  be  dispensed  among  all 
people  is  that  law  which  God  inscribed  upon  the 
tree  of  knowledge  of  good  and  evil  in  the  Garden 
of  Eden,  and  afterwards  upon  the  tablets  of  stone 
on  Mount  Sinai,  which  Christ  confirmed  in  his 
first  sermon  and  lived  in  perfect  fulfillment  of, 
and  which  Judge  Blackstone  calls  the  law  of  rev- 
elation, and  is  universally  known  as  the  law  of 
full  restitution  for  all  property  damaged  and  a 


FINITE  AND  INFINITE.  101 

just  retribution  for  all  personal  injuries,  based 
upon  loving  thy  neighbor  as  thyself  and  the  Lord 
thy  God  with  all  thy  heart. 

The  whole  machinery  and  function  of  this  new 
order  of  government  is  described  in  the  new  book 
of  the  law  that  is  shortly  to  make  its  appearance 
in  the  world,  which  when  John  saw  it  was  sealed 
with  seven  seals,  the  last  of  which  is  being  broken, 
and  once  opened  will  explain  the  mode  of  adminis- 
tering the  government  so  clearly  that  a  child  could 
not  err  in  dispensing  justice  by  it,  before  which 
human  sovereignty,  witli  all  its  machinery  for  rob- 
bery and  plunder,  will  fall  down  and  be  broken  to 
pieces  as  Dagon  fell  down  and  was  broken  before 
the  ark  of  the  covenant  containing  the  tables  of 
stone  on  which  the  primary  maxims  of  the  divine 
code  of  law  were  inscribed,  and  this  heavenly  ma- 
chinery of  government,  once  set  in  motion,  will 
crush  out  and  destroy  every  other  form  of  govern- 
ment which  human  sovereignty  has  invented,  as 
the  holy  doctrines  of  Christ  did  pagan  idolatry 
and  human  sacrifices  to  beastly  deities,  and  the 
heavens  of  human  sovereignty,  together  with  all 
their  lying  statutes  by  which  courts  work  out  rob- 
bery, and  the  earth  of  aristocratic  prerogatives 
with  all  their  diabolical  privileges,  will  be  rolled 
up  like  a  scroll,  burned  with  fire,  and  the  ashes 
scattered  by  the  four  winds  of  heaven,  justice, 
mercy,  equity,  and  truth,  and  the  kingdom  of 
Christ  established  in  their  stead  as  John  the  Be- 


102  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

later  saw  it,  when  Christ  will  be  reigning  King 
among  men,  and  God  all  in  all. 

Under  this  regime  the  same  peace,  harmony, 
and  good  order  will  prevail  throughout  the  earth 
among  all  people  that  now  prevail  in  the  planet- 
ary system,  and  each  and  every  man  will  stand 
upon  a  common  equality  hefore  the  maxims,  stat- 
utes, and  judgments  contained  in  the  new  book  of 
the  law,  and  every  man  will  dwell  safely  on  his 
own  homestead,  reap  according  to  what  he  sows, 
and  enjoy  the  full  benefit  of  his  own  labor. 


REMARKS  ON  INFINITUDE.  103 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

REMARKS  ON  INFINITUDE. 

In  the  foregoing  brief  consideration  of  the  seven 
departments  into  which  the  simple  elements  are 
naturally  divided,  the  attentive  reader  has  discov- 
ered that  the  inherent  relations  between  the  sim- 
ple elements  in  the  sixth  and  seventh  departments 
are  antipodal  to  the  inherent  tendencies  of  the 
simple  elements  in  the  first,  second,  third,  fourth, 
and  fifth  departments. 

For  in  the  department  of  substance,  force,  spirit, 
sound,  and  light,  the  specific  tendencies  of  the  sim- 
ple elements  in  each  department  are  repellant:  t. 
e.j  each  molecule  of  substance  finds  its  natural  po- 
sition at  a  mathematical  point,  which  places  an 
equal  distance  between  every  molecule  in  the  uni- 
verse, in  uncompromising  hostility  to  vacuum ;  so 
that  throughout  the  boundless  expanse  of  nature 
each  molecule  is  at  an  equal  distance  from  its  next 
neighbor.  As  gas  confined  in  a  bottle — however 
little  there  may  be  of  it — pervades  and  fills  the 
whole  interior,  so  do  the  molecules  of  matter  and 
substance  pervade  and  fill  the  boundless  expanse 
of  nature,  so  stationed  that  the  distance  between 
each  molecule  and  the  mathematical  point  at  which 
its  next  fellow  is  located  is  exactly  the  same  in 


104  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

every  direction,  which  leaves  plenty  of  room  for 
each  mite  of  force,  atom  of  spirit,  particle  of  sound, 
and  speck  of  light  to  distribute  itself  in  the  same 
mathematical  order  of  uncompromising  hostility 
to  vacuum  ;  and  all  thus  arranged  still  leaves 
an  uninterrupted  passage  to  the  rays  of  light,  vi- 
bration of  sound ;  and  the  omniferous  mass  being 
permeated  by  the  omniscient  system  of  sensational 
lines,  constitutes  God  an  omnipresent,  omniscient, 
and  omnipotent  personification  of  Infinitude. 

Thus  we  discover  that  the  simple  elements  in 
the  five  lower  departments  of  nature,  viz:  sub- 
stance, force,  spirit,  sound,  and  light,  on  account 
of  their  inherent  repulsiveness,  fill  the  infinite 
expanse  of  nature  in  detached  particles ;  while  the 
simple  elements  of  the  seventh  department  have 
an  inherent  affinity  for  each  other  which  consti- 
tutes them  into  a  nervous  system  of  infinite  dimen- 
sions, all  terminating  at  the  person  of  God,  which 
is  so  absolutely  fixed  and  established  by  their  own 
inherent  affinity,  that  even  he  cannot  change  the 
fixed  terminus,  sever  a  sensational  nerve,  or  make 
the  least  alteration  in  its  organic  structure.  That 
whole  nervous  system  is  as  much  a  part  and  parcel 
of  himself  as  the  nervous  system  of  a  man  is  part 
and  parcel  of  his  own  soul ;  and  as  his  finite  sys- 
tem is  under  the  control  of  his  mind  and  subject 
to  his  will  in  its  complete  organization  for  useful 
purposes  and  the  proper  enjoyment  of  life,  while 
he  has  no  power  to  change  its  organic  form  to  the 


REMARKS  ON  INFINITUDE.  105 

breadth  of  a  hair  in  any  particular,  so  also  it  is 
with  that  infinite  system  of  nervation,  being  a 
part  and  parcel  of  the  person  of  God  ;  as  mysteri- 
ously constructed  by  the  Holy  Spirit  of  personal 
growth  as  the  nervous  system  of  a  man  is  by  the 
finite  spirit  of  animal  growth  ere  his  reasoning 
capacity  was  developed.  He  has  no  more  power 
to  change  that  infinite  system  of  nervation  than 
man  has  to  change  his  finite  nervous  system, 
while  through  its  infinite  permeation  of  all  the 
elements  of  nature  he  obtains  omniscieijt  knowl- 
edge of  all  its  resources,  and  omnipotent  power  to 
develop  them  and  produce  every  effect  which  any 
change  in  the  combination  of  the  simple  elements 
can  produce.  And  this  infinite  system  is  as  sub- 
ject to  the  movements  of  the  person  of  God  as  the 
finite  system  of  a  man  is  to  the  dictation  of  his 
head.  Wherever  God  turns  the  infinite  nervous 
system  turns,  and  wherever  he  goes  he  is  still  the 
focus  of  it :  even  the  entire  machinery  of  his  throne 
seems  to  go  with  him. 

Ezekiel,  in  one  of  his  prophetic  visions,  saw  it 
once  at  the  River  Chebar,  and  described  it  in  the 
1st  chapter  of  his  book,  and  again  at  the  temple 
in  Jerusalem,  and  described  it  in  the  10th  chapter. 
Wherever  God  chooses  to  go  through  the  im- 
mensity of  his  works,  he  is  still  the  focus  and 
personification  of  the  omnipresent  system  of  ner- 
vation— the  sensational  heart  of  constructing  ge- 
nius, the  intelligent  head,  in  which  the  device  of 


106  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

every  substantial  form  is  modeled,  and  the  pattern 
of  every  creature  and  thing  which  ever  has  or  ever 
will  demonstrate  itself 4s  drawn.  By  a  careful  or- 
ganization of  the  simple  elements,  nature  is  drawn 
and  stereotyped  into  fixed  stars,  migrating  comets, 
revolving  planets,  or  illuminating  sun,  sparkling 
gems,  specifically  formed  crystals,  massive  rocks, 
barren  sands,  alluvial  soils,  and  vegetable-produc- 
ing loams,  each  specific  vegetable  bearing  seed 
after  its  kind,  and  every  species  of  living  creature 
to  repeat  itself  by  copulation ;  and  wherever  he 
may  be,  in  his  person  is  concentrated  the  infinite 
system  of  creative  nervation  which  fills  the  entire 
department  of  the  seventh  sphere  of  infinitude. 
For  God  to  change  his  personal  location  from 
point  to  point  throughout  the  immensity  of  space 
has  no  more  effect  on  the  perfect  working  of  his 
infinite  system  of  nervation  than  a  change  of  loca- 
tion by  the  soul  of  a  man  does  in  the  working  of 
his  finite  nervous  system.  The  soul  of  a  man  is 
always  the  center  of  action  for  his  nervous  system 
wherever  it  may  be:  so  the  person  of  God  is  also 
the  center  of  action  for  the  infinite  system  of  ner- 
vation which  fills  the  entire  department  of  infini- 
tude wherever  he  may  be;  and  the  Holy  Spirit  of 
the  personal  growth  of  his  person  has  its  seat  in 
his  heart,  always  working  in  perfect  harmony 
with  the  spirit  of  omniscient  intelligence,  which 
has  its  seat  in  his  head :  whereas  the  planetary, 
mechanical,  driving  forces  of  the  Holy  Spirit, 


REMARKS  ON  INFINITUDE.  107 

which  fill  the  entire  department  of  the  sixth 
sphere,  have  a  fixed  central  focus,  from  which 
the  whole  machinery  of  the  planetary  system  is 
worked,  and  the  unvarying  movements  thereof 
through  their  immutable  orbits  kept  up,  which 
are  as  stationary  as  that  of  the  sun,  from  which 
the  universe  is  illuminated. 

This  focus  of  the  sixth  department  may  very 
properly  be  termed  the  heart  of  universal  plane- 
tary movement,  where  the  organic  and  mechanical 
driving  force  of  the  Holy  Spirit  has  its  seat,  and 
executes  God's  fiat  of  planetary  construction,  sta- 
tion of  them,  and  movement  in  their  destined 
orbits,  and  bears  a  similar  relation  to  the  working 
machinery  of  the  planetary  system  and  various 
movements  of  the  heavenly  bodies  that  a  steam 
engine  does  to  the  working  of  the  pulleys,  looms, 
shuttles,  and  spinning-jennies  in  an  extensive 
cloth  manufactory.  It  is  the  machine-shop  and 
engine-room  of  planetary  movement,  and  is  the 
laboratory  of  Jehovah — God's  home  and  usual 
place  of  residence,  where  his  business-office  is 
located,  and  is  the  capital  of  the  universe,  which 
inspired  writers  have  termed  the  City  of  the  Living 
God. 

Thus  we  discover  that  the  sixth  department  is 
simply  the  laboratory  of  Jehovah,  in  which  the 
cohesive,  pliant,  constructive,  and  driving  forces 
of  the  Holy  Spirit  work  out  his  design,  having  its 
seat  of  operations  at  the  engine-room  of  the  uni- 


108  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

vcrsal  manufactory  in  the  centre  of  the  City  of  the 
Living  God,  in  the  midst  of  the  sixth  heaven; 
while  the  seventh  is  completely  filled  by  the  in- 
finite system  of  nervation,  which  in  the  beginning 
was  the  foetus  which  produced  its  own  personifica- 
tion of  infinitude,  and  constitutes  him  the  omni- 
present, omniscient,  and  omnipotent  organic  con- 
trolling head  of  all  the  elements  of  nature,  in 
whom  the  concentrated  spirit  of  omniscience 
works  out  the  universal  harmony  of  Infinite  In- 
telligence, who  in  the  beginning  was  the  only  per- 
son who  had  joy  in  mental  device,  or  could  rejoice 
in  the  work  of  his  own  hands. 

Not  wishing  to  monopolize  all  the  enjoyment 
which  intelligence  alone  could  produce,  and  hav- 
ing omniscient  knowledge  of  all  the  variety  of 
enjoyments  which  could  fill  the  universe,  by  peo- 
pling the  planets  with  animate  creatures,  who 
were  conscious  of  their  existence  and  had  suffi- 
cient intelligence  to  know  their  own  thoughts,  in 
due  time  commenced  the  development  of  the  sim- 
ple elements  of  the  finite  spirit  of  intelligence  and 
finite  growth,  which  began  with  a  monad  and 
terminated  with  the  construction  of  man,  who,  as 
they  multiplied  upon  the  face  of  the  earth,  spent 
much  of  their  energy  in  devouring  each  other: 
to  counteract  which  and  organize  them  into 
one  fraternal  family,  in  which  each  one  under- 
stood that  by  working  for  his  own  best  interests 
he  could  do  nothing  to  injure  his  neighbor,  and 


REMARKS  ON  INFINITUDE.  109 

therefore  advanced  the  general  good  of  the  whole. 
In  pursuance  of  his  own  purpose,  ere  forming 
man  in  the  beginning,  he  prepared  a  reigning 
head  of  the  whole  family  in  the  person  of  Christ,, 
who,  being  legate  of  God,  was  rilled  with  the 
Holy  Spirit  of  his  Father's  intelligence,  and  born 
of  a  woman,  partook  of  the  nature  of  man,  as  all 
of  the  substantial  elements  of  his  soul  were  drawn 
from  the  departments  of  finite  substance,  in  which 
he  feels  all  the  infirmity  of  the  flesh  and  concu- 
piscent desires ;  but  having  the  Holy  Spirit  of  the 
Father  to  direct  and  control  his  actions,  he  set  an 
example  of  a  holy  life  for  the  emulation  of  the 
family.  For  this  purpose,  God  chose  for  the 
mother  of  his  only  begotten  Son  a  virgin,  from 
one  of  the  poorest  families  in  Judea,  in  which  he 
worked  his  way  up  to  manhood  at  the  occupation 
of  a  carpenter,  and  suffered  all  the  indignity 
which  the  rich  families,  professional  men,  and 
officials  could  heap  upon  him,  and  all  the  pain 
which  human  sovereignty  could  inflict  by  a  death 
upon  the  cross,  so  that  he  did  suffer  all  that  man 
can  suffer  by  the  tyranny  and  oppression  of  his 
fellows,  who  having  usurped  that  sovereignty 
which  belongs  only  to  God,  is  certain  to  become 
a  satanic  tyrant,  and  from  this  sad  experience  in 
his  estate  of  manhood,  knows  exactly  what  or- 
ganization of  government  is  required  to  produce 
millennial  order  in  this  world,  and  establish  peace 
among  all  the  nations  and  families  of  the  earth 


110  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE . 

and  good  will  among  men,  and  the  statutes,  judg- 
ments, and  mode  of  redressing  wrongs,  which 
will  maintain  it.  All  of  which  is  written  in  the 
new  book  of  the  law,  which  when  John  saw  it 
was  sealed  with  seven  seals,  which  Christ  alone 
had  power  to  unloose,  the  last  of  which  is  about 
being  broken,  and  his  kingdom  established  on 
earth  as  John  saw  it;  and  the  status  of  the  third 
person  of  the  Godhead  accomplished,  the  sublime 
machinery  of  which  will  enforce  a  frugal  admin- 
istration of  it,  and  place  every  man  upon  a  com- 
mon equality  before  the  law,  of  full  restitution  for 
all  property  offenses  and  a  just  retribution  for 
all  bodily  injuries,  which  are  among  the  fixed 
purposes  of  God  the  Father  to  be  accomplished 
through  the  agency  of  his  Son  Christ  Jesus  our 
king,  that  no  man  can  stay  for  a  single  moment 
beyond  the  appointed  time ;  and  he  who  does  not 
see  that  its  accomplishment  is  near  at  hand  does 
not  observe  the  signs  of  the  times. 

Thus  from  the  inherent  affinity  of  the  seven 
series  of  simple  elements  in  the  seventh  depart- 
ment of  nature  to  constitute  themselves  into  an 
infinite  foetus  for  the  production  of  an  omnipotent 
person  of  omniscient  intelligence,  working  itself 
up  to  the  estate  of  an  omnipotent  God,  in  a  simi- 
lar manner  to  that  which  the  finite  foetus  of  man 
works  itself  up  to  the  estate  of  manhood,  so  that 
the  whole  elements  of  the  department  of  infinitude 
being  as  effectually  constituted  into  an  omnipo- 


REMARKS  OF  INFINITUDE.  Ill 

tent  person  as  the  foetus  of  a  man  develops 
itself  into  one  finite  person,  therefore  that  is  the 
end  of  self-organization :  for  the  reason  that 
outside  of  that  department  the  inherent  status  of 
all  the  simple  substances  of  nature  are  repellant, 
so  that  an  overpowering  organic  force  is  the  only 
means  of  producing  any  combination  among  them 
for  useful  purposes. 

Having  thus  looked  through  nature  up  to  na- 
ture's God,  and  discovered  an  omnipotent  person 
with  an  omniscient  head  to  devise  and  an  omni- 
present heart  to  execute,  with  infinite  elementary 
resources  to  develop,  we  are  now  prepared  to  enter 
the  field  of  finite  intelligence,  and  investigate 
more  particularly  the  simple  elements  necessary 
to  constitute  a  finite  soul,  and  learn  what  human 
reason  will  enable  us  to  discover  concerning  the 
manner  of  their  combination. 


112 


SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  SOUL,  SPIRIT  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

The  seven  simple  elements  of  finite  spirit,  which 
in  the  foregoing  omnigenous  scale  stands  depart- 
ment No.  3,  ascending  from  substance  to  infini- 
tude, and  No.  5  in  the  descending  scale  tiom 
infinitude  to  substance,  which  is  the  department 
of  simple  elements,  from  which  are  drawn  all  of 
that  spirit  of  intelligence  which  gives  mobility 
to  the  animal  kingdom,  and  endows  each  species 
with  a  specific  degree  of  intelligence,  may  very 
properly  be  designated  as  follows,  viz: 


Spiritual  forces. 


DIATONIC  SCALE. 


Mental  faculties. 


B. 

Ideality.  [No.  T.|  Invention 


Memory. 


A. 

No.  6.          Recording 


G. 

"             " 

Will.                   NO..X                  Exe( 

utive             " 

F. 

"        Judgm 

ent.                         No.  4.                          I 

Decision        " 

"    Discern- 

E. 

No.  3. 

Choice.     « 

Conscious- 

D. 

Sensa- 

ness. 

No.  ft 

tlon. 

Im- 

o. 

I     Mo- 

pulse. 

No.l. 

|  bility. 

SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  SOUL.  113 

The  above  specified  seven  simple  elements  which 
fill  the  3d  department  of  the  seven  grand  divis- 
ions into  which  the  simple  elements  of  the  uni- 
verse are  naturally  divided  may  very  properly 
be  termed  the  alphabet  from  which  all  the  poetry 
and  prose,  joy  and  sorrow,  felicity  and  anguish, 
enjoyed  and  suffered  in  the  omniferous  chain  of 
animal  life  is  composed,  and  perhaps  more  prop- 
erly the  diatonic  scale  of  characteristics  from  which 
the  harmony  of  all  the  intelligence  which  is  man- 
ifested thoughout  the  animal  kingdom  is  com- 
posed. For  the  status  of  each  species  of  living 
creature,  which  is  endowed  with  any  degree  of 
mobility,  depends  entirely  on  a  combination  of 
proportionate  equivalent  numbers,  selected  from 
the  above  designated  simple  forces.  For  each 
living  creature  on  the  face  of  the  earth,  from  man 
to  a  monad,  does  demonstrate  by  his  specific 
habits  and  individual  acts  that  he  has  more  or 
less  of  the  element  from  each  of  the  above  series 
in  the  composition  of  the  spirit  of  life  which  en- 
dows him  with  mobility. 

1.  IMPULSE. — The  function  of  impulse,  in  its 
combination  with  other  spiritual  elements  which 
help  to  constitute  the  spiritual  pattern  of  a  species 
of  animal,  is  mainly  that  of  the  fingers  of  the 
spiritual  operator,  with  which  the  delicate  touches 
of  sensation  are  given  to  the  keys  that  operate  the 
nervous  system,  puts  the  muscles  in  motion,  gives 
force  and  direction  to  every  movement  of  the  body 
8  K* 


114  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

and  utterance  of  every  word,  and  is  under  the  en- 
tire control  of  the  will. 

As  the  fingers  of  the  telegrapher  work  the  op- 
erating lever  on  a  telegraph  machine,  by  which 
the  message  is  sent  on  its  mission,  so  also  the  spir- 
itual finger  of  impulse  works  the  dictating  nervous 
leverage  which  sets  the  muscles  in  motion  for  a 
bodily  movement.  And  as  the  fingers  of  a  skill- 
ful musician  give  the  exact  touch  to  the  keys  of  a 
piano  to  produce  the  proper  sound  in  a  set  piece 
of  music,  so  does  the  spirit's  fingers  of  impulse 
touch  the  keys  of  the  nervous  system  to  produce 
the  proper  sensation  in  chord  with  the  set  harmony 
of  the  soul. 

Impulse  is  an  essential  element  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  spirit  of  every  species  of  animal.  As  no 
movement  of  a  muscle  could  be  produced  without 
it,  consequently  every  living  creature  that  moveth 
by  volition  has  at  least  a  small  extract  from  this 
simple  element  of  nature  mingled  in  the  combina- 
tion of  its  spirit;  for  without  it  the  nervous  sys- 
tem would  be  of  as  little  use  as  a  piano  without 
the  fingers  of  the  musician. 

2.  CONSCIOUSNESS. — The  simple  elements  of  con- 
sciousness in  the  spirit  of  an  animal  give  it  the 
knowledge  of  what  passes  in  its  own  mind,  conse- 
quently of  its  own  existence  and  of  surrounding 
objects,  but  give  no  idea  of  any  difference  in  ob- 
jects or  aims  in  life ;  still,  without  some  small  por- 
tion of  these  elements  in  the  combination  of  its 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  SOUL.  115 

spirit  no  animal  could  exist,  for  it  would  not 
know  when  it  was  hungry  or  that  food  was  nec- 
essary to  sustain  it.  Consciousness  is  the  lowest 
grade  of  the  series  of  spiritual  elements,  a  con- 
necting link  between  animal  life  and  vegetable 
vitality,  and  constitutes  the  first  grade  in  the 
ascending  scale  from  vegetation.  Still  it  is  an  in- 
tellectual element,  an  essential  ingredient  in  the 
spirit  of  sensibility:  its  function  is  in  the  brain, 
and  would  be  of  no  more  use,  combined  in  the  force 
of  animal  growth,  which  has  its  seat  in  the  heart, 
than  an  eyeball  would  be  if  placed  in  the  bottom  of 
the  foot.  The  floating  specks  of  consciousness  are 
never  of  any  use,  except  when  combined  in  a^spirit 
of  some  species  of  animal  which  has  a  nervous  sys- 
tem capable  of  being  set  in  motion  by  spiritual 
influences. 

3.  DISCERNMENT. — Discernment  is  the  simple 
element  of  finite  spirit,  which  enables  the  spirit  in 
which  it  is  mingled  to  understand  the  nature  of 
surrounding  objects;  to  draw  a  nice  distinction 
between  their  qualities ;  to  separate  and  classify 
them  according  to  their  proper  relations,  and  read- 
ily comprehend  the  nature  and  fitness  of  things. 

Without  some  portion  of  this  element  in  its 
spirit,  no  animal  could  distinguish  between  poison 
and  wholesome  food,  friend  and  foe,  good  and  evil, 
and  its  life  would  necessarily  be  very  short  upon 
the  earth ;  for  if  by  chance  for  a  brief  season  it 
escaped  death  by  poison,  some  carniverous  adver- 


116  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

sary  would  be  certain  to  gobble  it  up.  This  ele- 
ment is  the  main  spiritual  ingredient  in  the  soul, 
which  gives  it  a  proper  degree  of  caution  for  self- 
protection  ;  and  weak  timorous  animals,  such  as 
deer,  rabbits,  and  inoffensive  birds,  have  a  pre- 
dominating quantity  of  these  last  three  elements 
of  spirit — impulse,  consciousness,  discernment. 

4.  JUDGMENT. — The  simple  elements  in  the  de- 
partment of  finite  spirit  designated  judgment  are 
the  spiritual  ingredients  of  the  soul,  which  give  it 
decision  of  character,  stamina  of  nerve,  and  perse- 
verance in  purpose.     Discernment  and  judgment 
are  indispensable  qualities  in  a  judge,  and  dogs, 
horses,  and   many   other  domestic  animals   fre- 
quently manifest  a  greater  degree  of  it  in  their 
composition  than  their  owners,  and  elephants  and 
other  wild  animals  frequently  make  quite  as  good 
use  of  it  as  men  for  the  advancement  of  their  spe- 
cific interest  and  enjoyment. 

5.  WILL. — The  force  of  will  is  constituted  by 
mingling  a  proportionate  quantity  of  the  simple 
elements  from  the  fifth  grade  of  the  ascending 
series  in  said  third  department,  as  designated  in 
the  above  table,  with  the  specific  elements  of  a 
soul   in  constituting  the  type  of  a  race,  and  no 
animal  could  execute  any  purpose  whatever  with- 
out it. 

Will  is  the  mainspring  of  all  movement  of  ani- 
mate bodies  by  volition.  In  all  well-regulated 
minds  it  is  subject  to  judgment,  and  acts  in  accord- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  SOUL.  117 

ance  with  its  dictation,  but  is  not  necessarily  sub- 
ject thereto,  and  frequently  acts  with  very  little 
regard  to  the  dictates  of  sound  judgment,  and  in 
its  unreasonable  use  of  impulse  frequently  does 
great  injury,  not  only  to  its  own  person,  but  others. 
The  species  of  bull-dog,  for  instance,  evidently  has 
a  very  large  supply  of  spirit  from  this  grade  in 
the  composition  of  the  spiritual  force  which  con- 
stitutes him  a  living  soul,  and  a  good  many  men 
are  in  the  same  category,  who  in  their  unnatural 
purpose  to  destroy  others  bring  destruction  upon 
themselves.  Will  is  the  executive  force  of  the  soul, 
and  without  it  no  purpose  could  ever  be  accom- 
plished. 

6.  MEMORY. — The  sixth  grade  of  simple  elements 
in  the  department  of  finite  spirit  is  what  gives  to 
any  species  of  animal  the  faculty  of  memory,  where- 
by the  effect  of  each  action  is  recorded  on  the  tablets 
of  the  mind  for  a  guide  in  future  actions,  and  is 
as  necessary  for  the  use  of  judgment  as  a  law 
library  is  to  a  judicial  tribunal;  and  every  animal 
living  has  more  or  less  of  this  element  in  its  soul, 
and  for  the  few  records  necessary  to  their  welfare, 
in  some  of  the  lower  species,  their  memory  is  much 
more  retentive  than  that  of  man. 

Men  have  such  an  immense  number  of  events  to 
record,  that  the  tablets  of  their  memory  become 
so  crowded  that  judgment  frequently  has  a  hard 
task  to  find  the  necessary  record  in  time  to  dictate 
a  proper  action,  even  when  the  will  is  subordinate. 


118  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

No  person  of  the  slightest  observation  can  deny 
that  every  species  of  animal  has  memory. 

7.  IDEALITY. — The  seventh  and  highest  grade  in 
the  scale  of  simpla  elements  of  spirit  is  the  ingre- 
dient in  the  spirit  of  any  animal  which  gives  it 
the  faculty  of  invention,  and  endows  it  with  a  ca- 
pacity for  constructing  whatever  is  necessary  for 
its  comfort  and  convenience.  Without  some  por- 
tion of  this  element  in  his  spirit  no  bird  could 
build  its  nest,  no  animal  its  burrow  or  habita- 
tion, no  spider  its  web;  neither  could  a  fish  pre- 
pare the  copulating  clean  gravel  bed  for  its  spawn. 

Ideality  is  not  the  only  originator  of  ideas ;  in- 
deed, the  largest  portion  of  the  ideas  of  any  spe- 
cies of  animal  springs  from  a  very  different  source. 
Consciousness  produces  an  idea  of  existence,  dis- 
cernment of  the  nature  of  things,  judgment  of 
their  fit  use;  will  appropriates  and  memory  re- 
cords an  idea  of  the  effect  of  a  cause  by  the  use  of 
the  five  senses,  investigating  surrounding  causes 
and  effects  as  they  exist.  But  ideality  investi- 
gates and  reports  the  facts  involved  in  cases  of 
new  combinations,  and  stimulates  the  soul  to 
make  the  experiment  and  test  the  effect. 

The  predominance  of  this  element  in  the  soul 
of  man  is  what  gives  him  his  great  pre-eminence 
over  every  other  species  of  animal ;  even  the  in- 
ventive ideas  of  the  wild  Indian  races  are  as 
stereotyped  to  the  construction  of  a  wigwam, 
sweat-house,  willow  basket,  bow  and  arrow,  stone 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  SOUL.  119 

hatchet,  canoe,  bone  spear  and  elder  whistle,  skin 
moccasin  and  wrapper,  as  the  ape  is  to  its  bush 
tent,  the  beaver  to  its  dam,  or  the  bird  to  its  nest. 
But  the  element  of  ideality  predominates  to  such 
an  extent  in  the  spirit  of  man,  that  the  exploring 
of  new  fields  of  combinations  of  everything  which 
he  has  any  power  over,  for  the  purpose  of  produc- 
ing labor-saving  machinery,  various  commodities 
of  general  utility,  sundry  ornaments  and  amusing 
games,  prose,  poetry,  and  song,  ethics,  religion, 
and  philosophic  speculation,  so  enlarges  the  circle 
of  his  inventive  genius,  that  it  will  take  him 
eternally  to  get  around  it,  without  any  possible 
chance  of  exhausting  the  resources  of  the  finite 
field  in  which  he  is  operating. 

The  superabundance  of  this  ideal  element  which 
the  Creator  mingled  in  the  composition  of  the 
spirit  which  constituted  the  patriarchal  pair  of 
the  species  of  man  a  living  soul,  is  what  drew 
that  marked  line  of  distinction  between  the  na- 
tions of  men  and  the  Indian  tribes,  elevating  the 
former  to  the  image  of  God,  in  industry  and  in- 
ventive genius  as  well  as  in  personal  resemblanco, 
and  places  man  on  a  pedestal  entirely  above  thy 
reach  of  the  Indian's  inventive  vision,  and  leaves 
the  Indian  specific  soul  on  the  common  level  of 
feeders  at  the  table  of  nature,  plodding  vaga- 
bonds, merely  the  head-link  in  the  chain  of  grov- 
eling animal  life,  with  no  aspirations  above  a 
wigwarn  for  a  habitation,  and  the  only  furniture 


120  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

therefor  a  willow  basket,  which  are  repeated  from 
generation  to  generation  with  the  same  specific 
architectural  resemblance  that  the  beaver  builds 
its  dam,  the  wasp  its  nest,  and  the  sea  sets  up  its 
cone  of  corals;  while  man  is  not  only  an  epitome 
of  the  omniferous  mass  of  inventive  wisdom,  but 
his  inventive  genius  soars  high  up  into  the  sec- 
ond heaven  of  his  Creator  as  a  useful  worker. 

Thus  we  discover  that  each  of  the  above  series 
into  which  the  simple  elements  of  finite  spirit  are 
divided  is  a  key-note  to  the  spec! fie  form,  action,  and 
harmony  of  intelligence  of  each  race,  which  con- 
stantly repeats  itself  in  the  specific  forms  and  habits 
of  the  patriarchal  pair,  and  that  the  natural  plan  or 
key-note  for  animalcule  is  in  C,  Indians  in  B,  while 
the  key-note  to  the  harmony  of  man's  intelligence 
is  on  B  sharp,  several  octaves  above  the  key  of  the 
Indian  race  in  B  natural ;  for  every  careful  obser- 
ver of  Indian  character  readily  discovers  that  there 
is  a  much  wider  difference  between  the  artistic  har- 
mony of  the  intuitive  intelligence  and  inventive 
genius  of  man  and  that  of  the  Indian  races  than 
there  is  between  Mozart's  best  effort  at  operatic 
song  and  the  simple  strain  of  raising  and  lowering 
the  eight  notes :  still  all  of  Mozart's  pieces  are  com- 
posed by  an  artistic  change  in  the  combination  of 
those  seven  elements  which  in  their  full  proper 
sounds  are  so  simple  and  uninteresting.  So  also 
the  superior  harmony  of  man's  intelligence  was 
composed  by  an  artistic  combination  of  the  same 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  SOUL.  121 

simple  elements  of  finite  spirit  which  constitute 
an  oyster  a  living  soul,  and  an  Indian  a  come  day 
go  day,  God  send  plenty,  happy  vagabond,  enjoy- 
ing himself  in  his  own  simple  mode  of  life,  with 
more  contentment  than  man  does  in  rushing  up- 
ward and  onward  in  his  great  work  of  civilization. 

Over  the  diatonic  scale  of  eight  notes,  repre- 
senting seven  simple  sounds  and  one  octave  repeat, 
man  has  the  power  to  combine  and  recombine 
those  simple  sounds  on  major  and  minor  scales, 
sharp  and  flat  keys,  by  tones,  semi-tones,  and 
octaves,  and  has  already  produced  myriads  of  set 
pieces,  with  as  high  as  a  hundred  different  parts 
to  be  sung  in  the  same  piece,  and  the  effect  pro- 
duced thereby  in  the  animal  kingdom  is  as  multi- 
farious and  varied  as  the  species;  but  altogether 
they  have  but  just  commenced  the  work  of  demon- 
strating the  number  of  effects  which  can  be  pro- 
duced in  song  ere  the  changes  in  those  seven 
simple  sounds  are  exhausted. 

Man  of  course  has  excelled  in  this  department, 
as  he  does  in  every  other  station.  Still  he  is  far 
from  being  the  only  musician.  Several^  varieties 
of  birds  have  mastered  a  number  of  octaves,  and 
some  of  them  put  man  on  his  best  composition  to 
equal  the  harmony  of  their  strains.  Indeed,  there 
arc  some  feathered  songsters  which  have  composed 
pieces  and  sung  strains  therefrom  which  it  is 
doubtful  whether  man  will  ever  be  able  to  equal 
or  harmoniously  imitate  with  voice  or  instrument. 


122  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

Then  there  is  the  katydid :  what  variation,  harmo- 
ny, and  volume  of  sound  it  produces  for  such  a  little 
body.  It  is  astonishing  how  such  a  little  head 
can  compose  such  a  variety  of  harmony,  and  sing 
so  enchantingly  to  while  away  the  long  dreary 
nights.  Then  there  is  katy's  wood-nymph  rival, 
the  locust,  which  has  far  surpassed  anything 
which  the  Indian  has  ever  accomplished  in  the 
line  of  musical  composition.  And  who  has  not 
been  charmed  in  childhood  by  the  artistic  concerts 
of  the  crickets  under  the  domestic  hearth-stone? 
And  how  often  in  riper  years  do  our  minds  with- 
draw from  the  turmoil  of  business  and  go  back  in 
imagination  to  those  juvenile,  joyous  scenes  of 
motherly  care  and  fraternal  surroundings,  and 
draw  new  inspirations  of  confidence  in  the  pro- 
tecting care  of  our  Heavenly  Father,  confidence 
in  ourselves,  strong  hope  of  success  in  the  future, 
from  our  recollections  of  the  persistent,  thrilling, 
harmonious  concerts  nightly  performed  by  the 
crickets  under  the  hearth?  Then  there  is  our  old 
favorite  the  bobolink.  In  the  daisy  meadow  how 
often  have  we  been  charmed  by  the  sweet  warbling 
of  his  artistically-arranged  sonnets,  as  he  grace- 
fully flitted  from  daisy  to  daisy,  beating  out  the 
time  of  the  tune  with  his  illustrated  wings,  while 
hopefully  waiting  for  the  appearance  of  his  little 
family,  which  his  faithful  consort  was  nursing 
into  existence  with  the  assiduity  that  our  own 
mothers  watched  over  us  in  unconscious  infancy, 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  SOUL.  123 

and  sung  sweet  lullabies  to  us  in  the  cradle ;  and 
thus  we  can  trace  an  immense  variety  of  effects  in 
the  harmony  of  music  which  have  already  been 
produced  in  changing  the  combination  of  the 
diatonic  scale  of  seven  representatives  of  simple 
sounds  by  the  composers  among  insects,  birds, 
beasts,  and  men,  from  the  chirp  of  the  cricket  up 
to  the  best  effort  of  human  composers  in  sacred 
harmony,  operas,  and  doggerel  song ;  and  when 
convinced  that  the  work  has  just  commenced,  we 
are  no  longer  surprised  at  the  infinite  variety  of 
specific  effects  which  God  has  produced  in  the 
harmony  of  life's  intelligent  pursuits,  as  demon- 
strated by  the  different  moods  in  which  the  various 
races  most  enjoy  themselves;  for  each  species, 
when  left  to  itself,  free  from  the  influence  of  man, 
adopts  the  habit  of  life  and  plays  out  all  the  har- 
mony of  intelligence  which  the  combined  spirit 
of  the  species  is  master  of  in  the  mood  in  which 
its  whole  soul  most  enjoys  itself;  and  man  does 
exactly  the  same  thing,  and  nothing  more. 

All  that  man  ever  has  done  or  ever  will  do  is  as 
completely  the  effect  of  the  original  artistic  com- 
position of  a  set  piece  of  intellectual  harmony  by 
a  skillful  combination  of  all  the  harmonious  ele- 
ments in  the  above  diatonic  scale  of  simple  ele- 
ments of  finite  spirit,  designated  in  the  book  of 
animate  harmony  under  the  title  of  Man,  as  any 
set  piece  in  the  Harmonia  Sacra  of  church  an- 
thems is  the  result  of  a  skillful  combination  of 


124  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

the  seven  representatives  of  simple  sounds  in  the 
diatonic  scale  for  musical  composition. 

Thus,  while  the  measure  of  composition  is  simi- 
lar, the  execution  is  antipodal,  for  the  reason  that 
the  diatonic  scale  of  eight  notes  represents  inert 
sounds,  and  the  piece  composed  thereby  has  to  be 
performed  by  living  artistic  souls ;  whereas  the 
diatonic  series  of  simple  elements  of  finite  spirit 
represents  infinitesimal  specks  of  live  dancing  spir- 
its which,  when  combined  into  a  specific  spirit  for 
some  useful  purpose,  plays  its  own  part  in  the 
choir  of  animal  life,  and  demonstrates  the  quality 
of  its  own  inherent  harmony  by  its  intuitive  action 
and  voluntary  mode  of  enjoyment. 

The  scale  of  eight  notes  is  as  readily  combined 
into  doggerel  songs,  jigs,  waltzes,  and  operas  as  it 
is  into  anthems.  So,  also,  the  scale  of  seven  sim- 
ple elements  of  finite  spirit  enters  as  readily  into 
the  composition  of  the  specific  spirits  of  fish,  rep- 
tiles, insects,  fowls  of  the  air,  and  beasts  of  the 
field  as  they  do  into  the  composition  of  the  finite 
spirit  of  man,  who  next  to  God  is  the  highest  order 
of  intelligence,  notwithstanding  many  in  the  past 
centuries,  under  the  diabolical  reign  of  human  sov- 
ereignty, have  been  brought  down  and  degraded 
to  a  condition  of  barbarism  far  beneath  any  reptile 
or  devouring  beast,  in  which  condition  they  became 
veritable  devils;  and  the  sole  mission  of  Christ 
was  to  remedy  this  evil,  by  the  establishment  of  a 
divine  organization  of  government,  so  that  chil- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  SOUL.  125 

dren  will  be  born  in  heaven,  work  out  their  earthly 
destiny  under  a  holy  organization  of  government, 
and  pass  away  to  the  eternal  heavens  of  God  with- 
out any  change  in  the  machinery  of  government, 
rule  of  law,  or  mode  of  dispensing  justice,  and 
every  animal  on  earth  will  be  protected  from  op- 
pression, and  dwell  safely  in  their  own  mode  of 
life. 

Each  new  effect  produced  in  music  by  a  composer 
is  the  result  of  a  series  of  experiments  in  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  eight  notes  to  chord  with  the 
preconceived  idea  of  the  composer,  on  account  of 
the  limited  sphere  of  his  understanding  concerning 
the  effect  a  certain  arrangement  will  produce. 
Whereas  God's  omniscient  knowledge  of  the  pre- 
cise effect  that  every  change  in  the  equivalent 
combinations  of  proportionate  numbers  of  spectral 
spirits  selected  from  the  seven  serial  representa- 
tives of  the  above  diatonic  scale  will  produce,  does 
away  with  all  necessity  for  experimenting  on  his 
part:  so  that  when  he  commenced  the  composi- 
tion of  the  specific  pieces  which  fill  the  book  of 
intellectual  harmony,  there  was  no  hesitancy  in 
selection  or  doubt  as  to  the  effect  which  a  certain 
combination  would  produce.  Consequently  he 
commenced  with  the  lower  or  monadic  piece,  and 
set  the  precise  number  of  spectral  equivalent  ele- 
ments from  the  said  spiritual  scale  in  each  specific 
race  of  monads,  to  complete  the  piece  in  all  its 
parts,  with  the  same  unhesitating  precision  that 


126  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

a  compositor  sets  the  representative  types  in  form 
to  repeat  the  manuscript  copy  lying  before  him, 
till  the  spirit  of  the  patriarchal  force  of  each 
species  of  monad  was  composed,  and  the  monadic 
piece  set  in  complete  order  in  the  book  of  intel- 
lectual harmony. 

Next  the  spirits  of  the  multifarious  species  of 
fish  were  composed  and  set  in  harmonious  order ; 
next  worms,  snakes,  larvae,  and  insects,  and  so 
on  through  all  the  specific  races  of  fowls,  birds, 
beasts,  apes,  negroes  and  Indians,  till  the  changes 
are  finally  exhausted  in  the  composition  of  the 
finite  spirit  of  man. 

As  the  spectral  elements  in  the  above  spiritual 
scale  are  all  repellant  by  nature,  it  necessarily 
follows  that  the  composition  of  the  spirit  of  the 
patriarchal  pair  of  any  species  of  animal  could 
only  be  accomplished  by  the  omnipotent  power  of 
the  combining  force  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  which  be- 
ing immutable  in  all  of  its  works,  the  status  of 
the  spirit  thus  composed,  as  to  form  of  body, 
modes  of  enjoyment,  and  specific  pattern  of  prop- 
agation, was  as  unalterably  fixed  as  the  earth  is 
in  its  orbit  or  the  moon  in  its  lunar  circuit,  and 
has  no  more  power  to  change  its  organic  structure 
than  they,  or  specific  force  by  copulation  than 
they  have  by  their  movement,  nor  to  travel  out  of 
its  fixed  circle  of  intelligence  than  they  have  to 
leave  their  orbit.  Neither  has  the  spiritual  type 
of  a  species  any  more  power  to  change  the  mood 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  SOUL.  127 

of  its  enjoyments  through  the  endless  increase  of 
numbers  by  copulation  to  the  end  of  time,  if  there 
ever  is  an  end  to  time  for  copulation,  than  an 
anthem  has  to  change  a  tone  in  its  composition 
by  being  repeated  an  indefinite  number  of  times 
by  the  same  stereotyped  plate. 

The  specific  mode  of  enjoyment,  stereotyped 
form  of  copulation,  and  individual  personal  ap- 
pearance of  the  whole  race  of  a  species  are  immuta- 
bly fixed  and  determined  to  all  eternity  by  the 
equivalent  proportions  of  spiritual  elements  se- 
lected from  the  above  scale  of  finite  spirit,  and 
mingled  in  the  composition  of  the  spirit  of  the 
patriarchal  force  of  the  species,  which  is  sustained 
and  proved  beyond  a  doubt  by  the  constancy  with 
which  the  whole  race  of  each  species  has  been  cast 
by  the  copulating  mold  in  the  specific  form  of  the 
pattern  of  its  prototype  since  the  memory  of  man. 

The  physical  structure,  mental  moods,  and  cop- 
ulating pattern  of  every  race  of  animals  is  fixed 
and  determined  by  the  composition  of  the  spiritual 
harmony  set  in  the  spirit  of  the  protoplast  of  the 
species,  as  above  described,  and  the  force  of  animal 
growth  conforms  strictly  to  it  in  all  of  its  works. 


128  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


CHAPTER  X. 

SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF -THE  FORCE  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH. 

In  the  foregoing  omnigenous  table,  giving  the 
seven  grand  divisions  into  which  all  the  elements 
of  nature  are  naturally  divided,  the  department 
No.  2  in  the  ascending  scale  embraces  the  simple 
elements  of  nature,  designated  the  finite  forces, 
which  are  divided  into  two  branches,  denominated 
the  force  of  growth  and  organic  forces.  The 
forces  of  growth  are  also  divided  into  two  parts, 
one  of  which  is  employed  in  the  production  of 
vegetable  formations,  and  the  other  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  animal  kingdom.  The  simple 
element  of  the  forces  of  nature,  as  used  for  the 
latter  purpose,  are  divided  into  seven  series  of 
constructing  agencies,  building  on  four  compre- 
hensive patterns  of  physical  structure,  animated 
into  an  infinite  variety  of  self-propelling  bodies, 
by  means  of  an  internal  system  of  leverage,  mus- 
cles, and  nerves,  based  on  seven  general  plans  of 
physiological  construction,  each  of  which  is  diver- 
sified by  a  great  variety  of  species,  quickened  into 
sensational,  reasoning,  copulating  bodies  by  the 
variously  composed  spirits  of  life,  as  described  in 
the  foregoing  chapter.  The  following  table  de- 
signates the  seven  general  patterns  under  which 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  129 

the  simple  forces  of  animal  growth  are  employed, 
viz: 

Table  of  seven  structural  patterns  of  the  animal  kingdom. 
Soprano.  7.  Bipeds,  Mimmifers,  Vertebrates. 

Tenor.      6.  Quadrupeds,  Mammals,  Vertebrates. 

Contralto  5.  Fowls,  Fliogan  Oviparous,  Vertebrates. 

Alto  4.  Worms,  Larvse,  and  Insects,  Articulates,  Cylindrics. 

Baritone.  3.  Fishes  and  snakes,  No  legs,  Oviparous,  Vertebrates. 

Bass.         2.  Shell-fish,  Radiates,  or  Mollusks. 

Sub  Bass.  1.  Animaleulre, 

The  above  divisions  of  physical  structure  of  the 
animal  kingdom  into  seven  grades  of  patterns  is 
very  useful  in  classifying  and  determining  the 
status  of  the  immense  variety  of  species,  as  through 
all  the  varieties  of  races  in  each  group  there  is 
something  of  a  similarity  of  physical  form,  physi- 
ological structure  of  the  nervous  system,  and 
phrenological  arrangement  of  the  machinery  of 
the  mind,  grade  of  intelligence  and  mood  of  en- 
joyment, social  habits  and  moral  condition,  where- 
by the  grade  of  the  elementary  atoms  of  finite 
spirit  used  in  the  composition  of  the  specific  spirit 
is  determined;  for  these  forces  of  animal  growth 
are  always  constituted  in  perfect  harmony  with 
the  quickening  spirit  of  intelligence  with  which 
they  are  associated,  and  invariably  organize  the 
body  on  the  physical,  physiological,  and  phreno- 
logical plan  which  is  exactly  adapted  to  the  spe- 
cific pattern,  power  of  action,  and  mental  capacity 
of  the  intellectual  spirit  with  which  it  is  associated ; 
sc  that,  however  uncouth  it  may  appear  to  us,  still 
it  is  the  acme  of  perfection  to  the  spirit  which 
9 


130  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

dwells  therein,  because  it  was  the  pattern  of  the 
structure  necessarily  so  formed  by  the  nature  of 
the  simple  elements  of  spirit  mingled  and  com- 
bined in  the  composition  of  it. 

The  elementary  mites,  selected,  mingled,  and 
combined  for  the  production  of  the  animated 
specifically-formed  bodies  in  this  first  grade,  are 
principally  confined  to  transparent  substances, 
which  are  of  so  frail  a  nature  that  the  terrestrial 
portion  of  the  body  requires  the  constant  protec- 
tion of  the  fluid  in  which  it  began  its  existence. 
On  being  removed  from  the  water,  all  the  terres- 
trial matter  in  the  body  immediately  becomes 
dry  and  useless,  and  the  soul  takes  its  leave  and 
passes  away  to  its  celestial  state  of  existence. 
Small  as  these  souls  are,  still  they  are  composed 
of  simple  celestial  elements,  which  chemical  solv- 
ents have  no  power  to  decompose  or  disarrange  in 
the  slightest  degree.  Like  every  other  species  of 
living  creature,  they  are  produced  by  copulation, 
whereby  the  simple  elements  of  their  souls  are 
forcibly  combined  into  an  organic  structure,  in 
accordance  with  the  immutable  purposes  of  God 
and  omnipotent  rule  of  reproduction  of  infinite 
numbers  of  the  prototype,  as  established  by  the 
constructing  force  of  the  Holy  Spirit ;  so  that  from 
the  birth  of  each  animalcule,  its  individuality, 
degree  of  intelligence,  and  specific  form  are  as 
everlastingly  fixed  and  determined  as  the  decree 
of  Jehovah  can  make  it,  and  its  little  cup  of  Intel- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          131 

ligent  enjoyment  is  as  completely  filled  in  its  little 
circle  of  animalcule  ideas  as  man's  is  in  his  great 
circle  of  human  invention  and  mechanical  prog- 
ress ;  and  it  is  perfectly  happy  in  the  conscious- 
ness of  its  existence,  knowing  its  own  thoughts, 
and  the  excitement  of  seeking  out  the  supplies  for 
its  own  wants. 

As  this  animalculae  department  is  the  very  small- 
est in  size  and  frailest  in  physical  development  in 
the  animal  kingdom,  we  therefore  understand  that 
it  is  produced  by  the  weakest  combination  of  ele- 
mentary mites  from  the  department  of  forces  of 
animal  growth,  and  in  accordance  with  the  spirit- 
ual patterns  composed  by  the  lowest  combinations 
of  atoms  of  spirit,  and  consequently  the  intellect- 
ual harmony  is  keyed  on  C  natural,  and  runs  all 
the  way  through  the  staff  on  the  lowest  lines; 
still,  as  it  is  all  they  have  any  knowledge  of,  they 
are  just  as  happy  as  it  is  possible  for  any  intelli- 
gent soul  to  be,  and  fill  the  first  measure  of  intel- 
lectual harmony.  Had  they  been  left  out,  the  piece 
would  have  been  incomplete,  one  sphere  of  enjoy- 
ment in  the  omniferous  heavens  unoccupied,  God's 
works  unfinished,  and  one  resource  of  nature  un- 
developed, whereby  a  vast  amount  of  intelligent 
enjoyment  would  have  been  excluded  from  the 
animal  kingdom. 

Imperceptible  as  these  little  bodies  are  to  our 
natural  vision,  still  when  placed  under  a  micros- 
cope we  discover  several  different  species,  as  full 


132  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

of  life  and  animation  as  any  in  the  higher  grades 
of  larger  magnitude.  They  are  very  active  in  the 
pursuit  of  their  food,  and  the  larger  species  de- 
monstrate their  carniverous  propensities  by  gob- 
bling up  the  small  species  as  readily  as  a  trout  does 
a  minnow,  and  they  evidently  play  as  many  tricks 
with  each  other  as  kittens  or  monkeys ;  and  who 
is  prepared  to  say  that  the  wisdom  and  goodness 
of  God  are  not  as  discreetly  demonstrated  in  filling 
this  animalcule  sphere  of  heavenly  enjoyment  as 
in  composing  the  larger  links  of  the  animate 
chain  of  intelligent  life?  The  physical  structure 
of  these  animalculee  demonstrates  the  quality  of 
the  mites  of  force  used  and  the  mode  of  combining 
them;  for  each  change  in  combining  the  simple 
forces  of  growth,  in  composing  the  soul  of  the 
patriarchal  type,  makes  some  specific  change  in 
the  physical  appearance  of  the  race,  which  is  just 
as  marked  and  distinguishable  now  as  it  was  on 
the  day  it  was  created,  and  will  continue  through- 
out eternity  just  as  specifically  the  same,  through 
all  their  numberless  increase  by  copulation,  as  the 
same  number  of  quartz  crystals  would  be,  or  cubes 
of  salt,  formed  by  the  natural  process  of  crystal- 
lization. And  as  the  intellectual  spirit,  force  of 
animal  growth,  and  celestial  substance  are  im- 
mutably combined  in  the  composition  of  the  soul 
of  each  animalcule  by  the  omnipotent  force  of  the 
Holy  Spirit,  therefore  it  can  neither  change  the 
mood  of  its  enjoyment,  physical  structure,  physi- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  133 

ological  system,  phrenological  development,  nor 
a  single  constituent  element  of  the  soul ;  neither 
can  it  cease  to  exist:  once  an  animalcule  always  an 
animalcule,  and  to  its  little  measure  of  enjoyment 
there  is  no  end :  for  the  purposes  of  God  are 
without  recall,  and  the  acts  of  the  Holy  Spirit  are 
irrevocable. 


134  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


CHAPTER  XL 

SECOND    GRADE. 

COMBINATION     OF     ELEMENTARY     FORCE     OF     GROWTH 
EMPLOYED  IN  THE  PRODUCTION  OF  SHELL-FISH. 

This  second  grade  in  the  scale  of  animal  forma- 
tions exhibits  a  stronger  combination  of  the  mites 
of  force  than  the  grade  of  animalcules,  but  less 
activity;  indeed  most  of  them  are  without  any 
means  of  locomotion,  and  are  compelled  to  resort 
to  strategy  for  the  procurement  of  food. 

There  is  no  pattern  in  the  spirit  of  these  crea- 
tures for  legs,  arms,  or  even  bones  of  any  kind, 
nor  of  fins  or  other  means  of  locomotion,  and 
many  of  them  attach  themselves  permanently  to 
rocks,  logs,  and  even  to  the  bottoms  of  vessels,  in 
which  condition  they  make  long  voyages  through 
strange  waters  as  unconsciously  as  we  make  the 
daily  trip  of  about  eighteen  thousand  miles  in  the 
diurnal  movement  of  the  earth. 

Having  no  means  of  escape  by  locomotion  from 
the  multitudes  of  carniverous  fish  which  sur- 
round them,  coveting  their  delicious  pulpy  bodies, 
even  the  present  infinite  number  would  be  gob- 
bled up  in  a  very  short  period  of  time  and  all 
their  races  extinguished  and  the  further  increase 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          135 

of  their  souls  cut  off,  were  it  not  for  that  strong 
indigestible  shell  in  which  they  dwell  as  securely 
as  a  soft-shelled  crab  does  in  the  crevice  of  a  rock. 

Many  of  these  species  are  covered  with  a  most 
ingeniously  constructed  box,  composed  of  two  equal 
halves,  with  a  strong  perfectly-fitting  hinge,  which 
they  can  open  and  shut  at  their  pleasure  by  a 
strong  muscular  movement,  which  close  with 
such  perfect  fitting  of  rim  to  rim,  that  even  the 
gastric  juices  of  the  stomach  of  a  whale  would  be 
completely  excluded:  so  that  if  they  were  swal- 
lowed with  the  shell  unbroken  even  by  that  mon- 
ster they  would  pass  through  the  ordeal  of  diges- 
tion and  off  in  the  draught  of  excrement  with  as 
little  harm  as  a  pearl  would  stand  the  same  ordeal. 

Thus  the  wisdom  and  goodness  of  God  are 
strikingly  manifested  by  the  knowledge  of  secure 
means  of  self-protection  during  the  initial  stage 
of  their  copulating  sphere  of  existence,  with  which 
the  soul  of  every  species  of  animal  on  the  face  of 
the  earth  is  endowed  by  the  proper  selection  of 
the  simple  elements  of  spirit  in  composing  the 
intelligent  harmony  of  the  type  of  the  species  to 
adapt  itself  to  the  iitness  of  the  surrounding  cir- 
cumstances in  the  sphere  of  its  earthly  existence, 
till  its  destined  increase  of  the  number  of  its  species 
by  the  process  of  copulation  is  accomplished. 

Notwithstanding  the  souls  of  these  myriads  of 
species  of  living  creatures  have  no  knowledge  of 
providing  for  themselves  any  means  of  locomotion, 


136  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

it  is  undoubtedly  made  up  by  their  engineering 
capacity  for  providing  their  delicate  bodies  with 
a  fortification  exactly  adapted  to  their  station, 
and  of  sufficient  strength  to  protect  them  from  all 
ordinary  assaults ;  and  the  lack  of  means  to  pursue 
and  capture  the  lesser  fish,  on  which  they  princi- 
pally subsist,  is  abundantly  made  up  by  a  stra- 
tegic capacity  to  draw  their  food  to  them ;  for 
whenever  the  sense  of  hunger  is  felt,  all  they  have 
to  do  is  to  spring  open  the  supple  hinges  of  the 
gate  of  their  castle  and  expose  the  tempting 
pulp  of  their  bodies  to  the  teeming  myriads  of 
animalcules  that  are  always  swarming  about 
them,  which  immediately  fasten  upon  it  like  flies 
upon  an  exposed  surface  of  fresh  meat,  and  are 
immediately  secured  by  the  closing  of  the  shell 
with  a  snap  somewhat  resembling  the  closing  of 
the  jaws  of  a  cat  on  an  unwary  mouse,  which  she 
has  captured  by  a  similar  process  of  strategy. 

Notwithstanding  their  stupid,  uninteresting 
appearance,  as  we  behold  them  lying  about  on  the 
bottom  of  the  sea,  many  a  covetous  man  would 
barter  the  everlasting  salvation  of  his  soul  to  pos- 
sess the  knowledge  which  some  of  their  souls 
possess  of  the  science  of  manufacturing  pearls; 
and  what  would  not  their  expert  art  in  the  min- 
gling of  the  simple  elements  of  color  for  the  adorn- 
ment of  the  interior  of  their  pearl  habitations  be 
worth  to  the  devotee  of  the  art  of  painting !  Un- 
appreciable  as  the  exterior  of  their  habitation  may 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  137 

appear,  yet  no  king  ever  dwelt  in  a  palace  com- 
posed of  such  gem-like  materials  or  adorned  with 
paintings  which  could  bear  any  comparison  with 
the  brilliant  colors  and  exquisite  harmony  of  the 
changeable  effect  of  the  shading  or  the  burnished 
beauty  of  the  interior  of  the  tenement  which  they 
have  built  for  their  dwelling-place  by  the  intuitive 
capacity  which  the  Creator  bestowed  upon  them 
in  the  harmonious  mingling  of  equivalent  propor- 
tions of  sundry  mites  of  the  forces  of  animal 
growth  from  its  department  of  nature's  elements, 
whereby  the  meter  of  this  second  key-note  on  the 
D  line  of  the  natural  staff  in  the  harmony  of  in- 
telligent enjoyment  is  made  to  chord  with  all  the 
other  parts  of  the  entire  piece. 

If  man  is  more  intelligent  than  they,  still  he  is 
proud  of  the  adornment  of  his  person  with  the 
pearls  which  can  only  be  procured  from  their  labor- 
atory, and  .his  parlors  with  the  paintings  which 
their  pallets  alone  can  furnish,  and  the  dainty  mor- 
sels of  pastry  prepared  by  their  culinary  art  are 
among  the  choicest  found  upon  kings'  tables;  so 
that  as  unprepossessing  as  they  appear  in  their 
muddy  laboratories,  still  their  souls  are  at  work 
within  their  limited  circles,  building,  building, 
building,  in  the  most  expert  manner,  till  they 
have  completed  a  structure  which  no  art  of  man 
can  imitate,  executed  a  painting  which  throws  his 
best  efforts  into  an  obscure  shadow,  and  perfected 
a  gem  which  he  is  proud  to  wear.  And  the  simple 


138  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

elements,  both  of  the  finite  spirit  of  intelligence 
and  force  of  animal  growth,  which  by  an  equiva- 
lent combination  in  the  composition  of  their  souls, 
gives  them  their  perfect  capacity  to  perfom  their 
little  work,  are  drawn  from  the  same  departments 
of  spiritual  elements  and  force  of  animal  growth 
from  which  the  simple  elements  of  the  soul  of  man 
are  taken,  and  he  owes  his  physical,  physiological, 
phrenological,  and  mental  superiority  over  an 
oyster  to  an  equivalent  combination  of  the  same 
simple  elements  of  intellectual  spirit  and  force  of 
growth  in  the  composition  of  the  harmony  of  the 
intelligence  of  his  soul  that  was  used  in  the  com- 
position of  the  soul  of  an  oyster,  as  surely  as  the 
most  thrilling  church  anthem  owes  its  inspiring 
effect  to  an  equivalent  combination  of  the  same 
seven  representatives  of  simple  sounds  which  are 
used  in  composing  the  most  discordant  doggerel ; 
and  if  man  would  use  his  extraordinary  capacity 
with  the  same  fidelity  that  an  oyster  does  to  the 
accomplishment  of  his  own  welfare  and  the  general 
good  of  his  species,  how  much  wrong,  oppression, 
and  suffering  would  be  stricken  out  of  the  calendar 
of  crime. 

The  key-note  of  this  second  part  in  the  grand 
scale  of  intelligent  harmony  is  on  D  natural,  and 
consists  of  an  infinite  variety  of  semi-tones,  which 
are  flatted  and  sharped  into  two  plans  of  structure, 
one  of  which  is  called  radiates,  and  the  other  mol- 
lusks. 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  139 

The  structure  of  the  former  (says  Professor 
A^assiz,  in  his  lecture  at  San  Francisco,  Septem- 
ber 25,  18*72,)  is  on  the  plan  of  a  "single  central 
cavity  around  which  the  organs  are."  This  cavity 
is  a  sack,  from  which  all  parts  of  the  body  diverge, 
and  into  which  they  all  open.  These  animals  are 
all  aquatic,  and  though  the  group  lias  some  fresh- 
water representatives,  they  are  chiefly  marine ; 
from  pole  to  pole,  in  all  latitudes,  the  ocean 
swarms  with  them.  This  type  is  divided  into 
three  groups,  namely:  polyps,  scalophs,  and  echin- 
oderms. 

"The  variety  of  these  forms  is  infinite;  their 
beauty  and  complication  of  details  are  inexhaust- 
ible. Examine  the  internal  arrangement  of  any 
polyp,  be  it  sea-anemone,  coral,  or  sea-fan,  any 
of  the  countless  and  infinitely  diverse  acalephans, 
or  any  of  the  echinoderms,  whether  star-fish,  sea- 
urchin,  or  trepang,  and  the  secret  of  their  structure 
is  always  the  same.  The  idea  of  radiation  under- 
lies them  all,  and  their  typical  plan  may  be  de- 
scribed as  a  central  digestive  cavity,  around  which 
the  various  systems  of  organs  are  uniformly  ar- 
ranged. 

"The  graduation  of  rank  in  this  division — that 
is,  the  comparative  structural  superiority  or  infe- 
riority of  the  animals — is  determined  simply  by  a 
higher  specialization  of  parts  in  some  members  of 
the  group  than  others.  In  some  there  is  an  end- 
less repetition  of  indistinct  parts,  their  increase 


140  SCIENCE  OP  INTELLIGENCE. 

limited  only  by  the  life  of  the  animal ;  while  in 
others  a  fixed  number  of  parts  and  clear  differen- 
tiation of  organs  and  of  functional  actions  indi- 
cates a  higher  manifestation  of  the  same  structural 
idea. 

"Next  come  the  mollusks.  The  plan  of  struc- 
ture is  perhaps  less  easy  to  define  in  this  than  any 
other  group,  on  account  of  the  great  power  of  con- 
traction andexpansion  in  all  the  animals  belonging 
to  it.  The  type  is  represented,  like  the  radiates, 
by  three  classes,  namely:  the  acephals,  to  which 
belong  all  oysters,  clams,  mussels,  and  the  like; 
the  gasteropods,  under  which  come  all  snails, 
slugs,  periwinkles,  corals,  &c. ;  and  the  cephalo- 
pods,  among  which  are  included  the  nautilus,  the 
squids,  and  the  cuttle-fish,  of  which  your  devil- 
fish is  so  remarkable  an  example. 

"In  this  group  the  idea  of  laterality,  or  a  dispo- 
sition of  parts  on  two  sides  of  the  body,  though 
with  a  tendency  to  compactness,  which  makes  it 
less  perceptible  in  the  higher  animals,  is  embod- 
ied. We  have  seen  that  in  the  radiates  there  is 
an  equal  disposition  of  parts,  without  reference  to 
front  or  back,  to  left  or  right.  In  the  mollusks, 
on  the  contrary,  there  is  an  unmistakable  arrange- 
ment of  parts  with  reference  to  the  two  extremities 
and  the  two  sides  of  the  body ;  and  if  I  had  time 
I  could  show  you  that  the  structural  idea  of  this 
group  is  as  unvarying  as  the  radiates,  and  that  all 
mollusks,  whether  bivalve,  univalve,  or  of  that 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          141 

singular  group  to  which  the  cuttle-fish,  squid,  and 
nautilus  belong,  and  in  which  the  shell  is  some- 
times hardly  perceptible  and  at  other  times  wholly 
absent,  are  constructed  upon  one  and  the  same 
plan." 

Thus,  Professor  Agassiz,  who  has  made  the  form 
and  nature  of  these  and  other  animals  the  study 
of  his  life,  testifies  to  the  regularity  of  the  struc- 
tural type  of  the  animals  in  this  scale,  and  the  con- 
stancy with  which  each  specific  soul  follows  after 
the  spiritual  pattern  of  its  prototype,  and  has  con- 
tinuously repeated  the  typical  structure  thereof 
through  all  time,  from  the  time  that  God  com- 
posed the  spiritual  pattern  up  to  the  present  time. 
As  there  is  no  evidence  of  any  departure  from  a 
constant  adherence  to  the  rule  in  any  instance, 
we  are  therefore  bound  to  accept  the  axiom  that 
like  father  like  son,  the  axiom  once  an  oyster 
always  an  oyster,  and  that  the  status  of  a  cuttle- 
fish, from  the  moment  of  its  conception,  is  as  im- 
mutably fixed  for  the  purpose  of  earthly  copulation 
and  eternal  spiritual  enjoyment  as  that  of  a  man 
is  in  his  higher  sphere,  or  the  earth  is  in  its  orbit, 
by  the  equivalent  spiritual  elements  and  elements 
of  force  of  growth  selected  from  the  second  grades 
in  their  departments,  which  were  combined  in  the 
soul  of  the  prototype. 


142  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

THIRD   GRADE. 
PISCATORY  AND  SNACAN  FORCES  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH. 

The  key-note  of  this  third  grade  of  intellectual 
harmony  is  on  the  second  line  of  the  staff,  assigned 
to  the  baritone,  which  is  flattened  into  an  embrace- 
ment  of  all  the  vertebrated  inhabitants  of  the  sea, 
and  sharped  into  a  comprehension  of  all  the  rep- 
tile species. 

In  this  department  the  simple  elements  of  finite 
spirit  and  corresponding  mites  of  animal  growth 
are  as  variously  arranged  and  combined  into  a 
stereotyped  soul  as  there  are  species  in  both  the 
flat  and  sharp  scale,  each  of  which  has  been  in- 
creasing its  specific  family  and  populating  the 
planets  in  the  starry  heavens,  prepared  for  the 
eternal  habitation  of  the  beatific  souls  both  of 
fish  and  reptile,  where  their  everlasting  little  cup 
of  fish  and  reptile  joy  is  just  as  completely  filled 
with  joy  and  gladness  as  man  i.s  in  his  angelic 
sphere.  And  they  fill  their  sphere  in  the  meas- 
ure of  God's  glory  with  more  stable  devotion  than 
man  does ;  for  they  have  never  rebelled  against 
his  moral  government,  nor  cast  his  statutes  aside, 
and  set  up  instead  thereof  the  statutes  of  reptiles 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  143 

or  piscatory  sovereignty,  by  which  to  work  out 
rohbery  among  their  fellows. 

Does  anybody  wonder  why  God  made  reptiles 
that  sting  and  serpents  that  kill  with  venomed 
fang? 

We  answer:  for  the  reason  that,  when  he  un- 
dertook the  task  of  developing  the  resources  of  the 
department  of  nature  embraced  in  the  elementary 
atoms  of  finite  spirit  and  mites  of  force  of  animal 
growth,  his  purpose  was  to  compose  every  harmo- 
nious strain  of  intelligence  that  would  chord  with 
all  pUrts  of  the  tune  of  intellectual  harmony  and 
fill  every  sphere  of  enjoyment  that  a  change  in 
the  specific  arrangement  of  those  seven  simple 
elements  of  finite  spirit  could  produce  ;  which 
necessarily  produced  every  specific  form  of  body 
that  could  be  produced  by  a  change  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  seven  simple  elements  of  force  of  ani- 
mal growth.  Each  change  in  the  arrangement 
of  atoms  composing  the  spirit  of  the  soul  of  the 
prototype  of  a  species  of  animal  necessarily  in- 
volves a  corresponding  change  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  mites  of  force  of  animal  growth  ; 
and  a  corresponding  change  in  the  form  of  the 
body  and  nature  of  materials  composing  it  neces- 
sarily follows,  whereby  the  degree  of  intelligence 
of  the  species  is  determined,  actions  prescribed, 
and  mood  of  enjoyment  everlastingly  fixed  to  all 
the  succeeding  members  of  its  race.  Consequently, 
if  God  had  neglected  to  make  every  change  that 


144  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

could  be  made,  and  produce  every  specific  degree 
of  intelligence,  form  of  body,  and  mood  of  enjoy- 
ment which  could  be  made  to  chord  with  the 
universal  harmony  of  the  animal  concert,  by  re- 
peating itself  in  the  exact  pattern  of  the  prototype 
in  the  lower  grades  as  well  as  the  higher,  his 
work  would  be  incomplete  and  his  title  to  omnis- 
cience forfeited.  Hence  we  see  the  reason  why 
no  new  species  can  be  formed  by  amalgamation, 
livery  concordant  species  which  any  possible 
change  in  the  arrangement  and  construction  of 
simple  elements  could  produce  has  been  composed 
and  was  completed  in  the  archetype  of  man ;  so 
that  since  his  creation  no  new  species  ever  has, 
ever  will,  or  ever  can  be  produced.  Even  God 
himself  could  not  produce  a  new  species  without 
impeaching  his  former  omniscience ;  for  by  end- 
ing his  work  in  that  department  his  omniscience 
was  pledged  that  the  changes  were  exhausted. 
Therefore  if  a  new  species  could  be  produced,  he 
would  stand  convicted  of  coming  short  of  the  end 
at  which  he  aimed,  which  would  bring  him  down 
from  the  infinite  to  the  finite  capacity. 

Suppose  a  musical  artist  should  contract  for  a 
stipulated  compensation  to  exhaust  the  changes 
in  arranging  the  scale  of  eight  notes,  and  compose 
every  tune  and  concordant  part  to  each  tune  which 
a  combination  of  all  the  harmonious  changes  could 
produce,  and  after  having  completed  his  work  pre- 
sents his  book  for  acceptance  and  payment  therefor ; 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  145 

whereupon  the  contractor  submits  the  book  to  a 
committee  of  experts,  who  succeed  in  composing  a 
tune,  or  concordant  part  of  a  tune,  not  contained 
in  his  book :  he  would  lose  not  only  his  compensa- 
tion, but  his  reputation  of  ability  to  complete  would 
be  irredeemably  lost  for  having  once  said  it  was 
finished  and  come  short  of  it:  nobody  would  have 
any  confidence  in  his  ability  to  complete  the  task 
thereafter. 

In  order  to  complete  that  work,  he  would  have 
to  compose  every  doggerel  song,  childish  glee, 
lover's  serenade,  political  sonnet,  national  air, 
opera,  sacred  tune,  doxology,  and  anthem  possi- 
ble to  be  composed  therefrom.  So  also  in  compos- 
ing the  harmony  of  intelligence  in  the  animal 
kingdom:  when  God  said  "it  is  finished,"  if  an- 
other species  of  animalcule,  shell-fish,  worm  or 
insect^  fish  or  reptile,  could  be  produced,  his  infin- 
itude would  be  ended,  and  his  capacity  reduced  to 
a  finite  sphere,  and  one  sphere  of  intelligence,  form 
of  body,  and  mood  of  enjoyment  would  be  vacant, 
and  one  star  in  the  heavens  without  inhabitants. 

God  made  a  planet  for  the  everlasting  habita- 
tion of  the  beatific  souls  of  the  whole  race  of 
each  species,  before  composing  the  archetype  soul 
thereof  to  populate  its  own  planet  by  copulation 
in  this  mundane  sphere  of  gases,  fluids,  and  ge- 
latinous formations,  which  is  pimply  the  nursery 
from  which  the  planets  are  populated. 

Each  species,  looking  only  to  the  increase  of  its 
10 


146  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

own  race,  gives  no  heed  to  the  welfare  of  the  weaker 
races,  and  many  carniverous  races  feed  with  impu- 
nity on  all  that  they  can  master  except  their  own. 
Here  in  this  copulating  sphere  each  race  is  a  nat- 
ural enemy  to  every  other ;  therefore,  the  reason 
why  many  reptiles  were  armed  with  deadly  weap- 
ons is  very  obvious.  They  have  neither  fins,  arms, 
legs,  nor  wings,  with  which  to  escape  from  their 
enemies,  which  are  legion.  Their  best  effort  at 
locomotion  is  but  a  slow  crawling  upon  the  belly ; 
so  that  without  some  defence  they  would  be  as 
soon  gobbled  up  as  an  oyster  without  its  shell. 
Consequently,  in  order  to  secure  the  population  of 
their  planet,  and  fill  their  measure  of  harmonious 
joy  in  the  infinite  concert  of  animal  life,  God 
armed  a  sufficient  number  of  them  with  venomous 
fangs  to  fill  every  species  of  animal  with  fear  of 
anything  in  the  form  of  a  reptile,  so  that  the  few 
which  are  armed  give  protection  to  all  the  group, 
as  a  small,  well-armed,  and  disciplined  army  gives 
protection  to  a  great  manufacturing  nation. 

Those  armed  reptiles  are  most  honorable  in  the 
use  of  their  armor,  for  they  always  give  due  warn- 
ing before  they  strike,  unless  the  attack  is  so  sud- 
den that  they  have  no  time  to  spring  their  rattle. 
Who  ever  heard  the  hiss  of  a  serpent,  appalling 
rattle  of  a  snake,  or  felt  the  almost  irresistible 
charm  of  its  vindictive  eye,  gleaming  over  a  pair 
of  distended  jaws  bristling  with  venomous  fangs, 
between  which  the  tongue,  like  forked  lightning, 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          147 

darts  in  and  out  of  the  elevated  head,  the  very 
acme  of  self-reliant  power,  as  it  glides  on  to  the 
capture  of  its  victim  with  an  imperceptible  move- 
ment, while  his  rattle  plays  a  fascinating  concert, 
and  did  not  feel  that  every  movement  was  insti- 
gated by  an  immortal  spirit,  and  the  fascinating 
charm  was  the  effect  of  mind  over  mind?  Who 
ever  saw  a  demoralized  bird  leave  its  perch  on  a 
tree,  and  in  bewildering  curves  draw  nearer  and 
nearer  to  a  point,  till  it  finally  fluttered  straight 
into  the  distended  jaws  of  the  monster,  and  did 
not  believe  that  it  was  the  effect  of  a  strong  spir- 
itual magnetizer  over  a  mesmerized  subject ;  or  the 
exceeding  care  which  every  animal  manifests  in 
avoiding  its  treachery,  whether  discovered  by  smell 
or  rattle,  and  did  not  believe  that  this  fear  was 
produced  by  a  knowledge  of  the  deadly  effect  of 
the  venom  of  its  bite? 

If  there  is  a  spirit  in  such  reptile,  then  the 
structure  contains  a  soul,  the  celestial  substance 
and  spiritual  forces  of  which  can  neither  be  de- 
composed, annihilated,  or  changed  in  form  to  the 
breadth  of  a  hair  in  any  material  dimension,  and 
therefore  must  forever  remain  a  self-reliant  fasci- 
nating reptile,  though  it  never  captures  a  bird  ex- 
cept a  sense  of  hunger  demands  it,  or  attacks  or 
even  strikes  an  enemy,  except  in  self-defence  or 
the  defence  of  its  young. 

Fishes  have  finny  propellers,  exactly  adapted  to 
the  watery  element  in  which  they  live,  and  some 


148  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

even  take  to  themselves  wings,  leave  the  water, 
and  skim  through  the  air  when  in  great  peril,  till 
their  enemy  has  lost  the  soent. 

Whales  bring  forth  their  young  from  a  foetus,  in 
a  living  state,  and  suckle  them  like  hipeds ;  and 
each  species  of  fish  is  as  constant  to  the  spiritual 
pattern  of  the  soul  of  its  prototype  as  the  race  of 
man  is  to  his ;  and  each  race  has  a  mood  of  enjoy- 
ment as  peculiarly  its  own  and  differing  as  widely 
from  any  other  as  it  differs  in  form  of  body 
and  texture  of  flesh,  and  is  a  natural  enemy  to 
every  other ;  and  there  is  about  the  same  number 
of  carniverous  species  that  feed  upon  others  as 
there  is  among  other  animals. 

Who  ever  saw  his  fellow  gobbled  up  by  a  shark, 
that  did  not  see  in  it  a  contest  between  antago- 
nistic minds  in  an  element  where  the  will  of  the 
shark  was  stronger  than  man's,  and  the  soul  of 
the  shark  had  an  easy  victory  over  the  soul  of  the 
man.  Yea,  verily,  every  fish  which  is  produced 
by  copulation  from  the  time  of  its  conception  is  a 
living  soul,  whose  degree  of  intelligence,  mood  of 
enjoyment,  and  physical  appearance  is  a  concord- 
ant pattern  of  the  archetype  of  its  species,  and  its 
status  in  the  -tune  of  intellectual  harmony  ever- 
lastingly determined. 

As  we  have  seen  that  the  spiritual  pattern  of 
every  species  of  animal  which  can  harmoniously 
reproduce  their  prototype  has  been  produced; 
therefore,  every  cross  that  is  made  between  the 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          149 

species  produces  a  discord  in  the  universal  har- 
mony of  the  animal  kingdom,  in  which  the  hybrid 
is  a  despised  abortion,  and  in  which  there  is  a  per- 
petual warfare  between  its  own  members  to  such 
an  extent  that  many  of  them  will  not  breed  at 
all,  as  in  the  case  of  mules,  and  in  those  that  will 
breed,  the  soul  of  the  sire  works  it  up  or  down  to 
its  own  specific  standard  at  the  seventh  genera- 
tion, as  in  the  case  of  Angora  with  Spanish  goats, 
or  man  with  negroes  or  Indians. 

Every  race  of  animals  is  at  enmity  with  a  hy- 
brid till  it  is  restored  to  its  type,  and  its  own  mem- 
bers are  at  enmity  between  themselves  to  such 
an  extent,  that  its  best  estate  of  existence  is  only 
a  living  death.  Hence  the  divine  commandment, 
Thou  shalt  not  amalgamate  thyself,  nor  let  thy 
beast;  and  death  is  the  penalty  for  any  man  01 
woman  who  has  sexual  commerce  with  any  other 
species  of  animal — death  to  both  the  guilty  par- 
ties, and  for  causing  other  animals  to  amalga- 
mate: both  male  and  female,  and  offspring,  if 
born  before  discovery,  are  to  be  put  to  death,  and 
the  loss  of  the  carcasses  to  the  owner ;  and  five- 
fold their  value  against  the  guilty  party  if  he  did 
not  own  them. 

No  two  species  ever  did  amalgamate  except  they 
were  excited  to  it  by  the  irresistible  influence  of 
man.     Different  species  of  fish  will  feed  upon  each' 
other,  but  they  will  not  amalgamate;  different 
species  of  reptiles  will  feed  upon  each  other,  but 


150  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

they  will  not  amalgamate.  The  whole  burden  of 
this  sin  lies  on  man's  shoulders:  he  alone  has 
violated  this  most  sacred  law  of  his  nature,  and 
he  alone  has  power  to  cause  other  animals  to  per- 
petrate the  same  sin. 

Each  species  offish  cleaves  to  its  own  race  for  sex- 
ual intercourse,  and  they  are  as  constant  to  their 
archetype  in  propagation  as  a  tree  is  to  bring  forth 
seed  after  its  kind,  or  the  seed  of  a  tree  is  to  repeat 
its  specific  type.  Minnows,  chubs,  dace,  trout, 
shad,  pike,  salmon,  mullets,  pickerel,  white-fish, 
suckers,  bass,  catfish,  herring,  cod,  and  the  thou- 
sands of  other  species  grow  on  from  generation  to 
generation.  One  generation  follows  another,  on 
to  the  stage  of  action  through  the  door  of  copula- 
tion and  through  the  dark  curtain  of  death  to  their 
celestial  homes,  with  the  same  constancy  to  the 
spiritual  pattern  of  the  soul  of  their  prototype 
that  men  pass  on  and  off  the  stage  of  action  in 
their  successive  generations.  The  golden  specks 
once  formed  on  the  skin  of  a  trout  will  never  cease 
to  glisten ;  neither  will  his  intelligence  ever  depart 
from  him.  The  soul  of  each  trout,  from  the  day 
of  its  conception,  is  as  permanent  a  fixture  in  the 
everlasting  concert  of  intelligent  enjoyment,  love 
to  God  and  its  fellows,  as  man's  is,  or  as  the 
earth  is  a  fixture  in  the  planetary  system,  for  the 
reason  that  the  spiritual  pattern  is  composed  by 
an  equivalent  arrangement  of  the  same  simple 
elements  of  spirit  and  forces  of  animal  growth — 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          151 

the  same  elements  of  substance,  celestial  and  ter- 
restrial, which,  being  differently  arranged,  com- 
pose the  soul  of  a  man ;  and  both  are  arranged 
by  the  same  infinite  intelligence,  combined  and 
constituted  into  a  living  soul  by  the  force  of  the 
same  holy  spirit.  Therefore,  if  the  one  is  im- 
mortal, the  other  must  be;  if  the  sagacity  and 
intelligence  of  one  are  the  work  of  reason,  so  are 
they  in  the  other;  if  the  purposes  of  God  are 
irrevocable,  then  both  are  immortal. 


152  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

FOURTH    GRADE. 

EMBRACING  THE  FORCES  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH  EM- 
PLOYED IN  THE  PRODUCTION  OF  WORMS  AND  INSECTS, 
CALLED  ARTICULATES. 

The  key-note  to  the  intellectual  harmony  of  this 
fourth  grade  of  finite  intelligence,  called  articu- 
lates, which  puts  it  in  chord  with  all  the  other 
parts  in  the  great  piece  of  universal  intelligence, 
is  on  F,  the  second  space  of  the  staff  in  the  natural 
scale ;  and  as  we  have  seen  that  scale  G-  constitutes 
the  baritone  part  of  the  piece,  so  this  evidently 
fills  the  alto  grade  of  the  staff.  If  the  force  of  ani- 
mal growth  employed  in  this  scale  exhibits  less 
control  over  heavy  material,  yet  it  certainly  per- 
forms its  work  after  the  spiritual  pattern  with 
much  greater  activity,  structure  more  graceful, 
and  some  of  the  species  actually  sing  their  parts  in 
thrilling  chorus  with  the  universal  concert,  while 
others  light  up  the  gloomy  nights  of  autumn  with 
steady  glows  or  brilliant  flashes  of  light  of  their 
own  manufacture,  and  some  of  them  enter  into  a 
well-contested  rivalry  with  the  shell-fish  in  the 
art  of  mingling  colors  and  pleasing  illustrations, 
which  if  less  polished  and  durable  than  the  pearl 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  153 

manufactories  thereof,  are  yet  more  brilliant  and 
fanciful,  and  the  solid  well-filled  cards  of  honey- 
comb with  which  the  laboratory  of  the  industrious 
little  bee  is  yearly  filled  for  the  sustenance  of 
man  is  of  much  more  general  utility  than  a  pearl 
necklace.  Thus  each  social  scale  plays  its  har- 
monious part  in  the  universal  concert  of  intellec- 
tual souls  with  the  uniform  approbation  of  their 
Creator  and  equal  enjoyment  to  themselves, 
which  when  individually  played  out  in  this  mun- 
dane sphere  of  existence,  their  liberated  souls  are 
taken  up  to  their  eternal  home  in  the  starry  heav- 
ens, which  God  prepared  for  them  ere  the  spirit- 
ual pattern  of  the  prototype  was  composed,  where 
they  continually  perform  their  parts  in  the  an- 
thems of  praise  and  thanksgiving  to  God,  who 
composed  every  part  of  the  piece  from  the  same 
scale  and  cares  for  all  alike. 

Having  introduced  Professor  Agassiz's  testi- 
mony in  the  above  second  grade,  we  will  also  give 
an  extract  from  the  same  lecture,  delivered  in 
San  Francisco,  September  25, 1872,  on  this  third 
grade,  viz: 

"Next  we  have  the  articulates — all  the  hosts 
of  worms,  Crustacea,  and  insects.  The  structural 
idea  is  that  of  a  cylinder,  divided  by  joints  into 
movable  rings;  and  whether  we  have  the  body  of 
a  worm  articulated  from  end  to  end  in  equal  sec- 
tions, or  whether  some  of  these  sections  are  sol- 
dered together  to  form  a  front  part  of  the  body 


154  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

distinct  from  the  posterior  portion,  in  which  the 
sections  are  left  free  and  movable,  (as  in  the  lob- 
ster and  crab,)  or  whether  the  sections  are  broken 
into  three  parts,  to  form  head,  chest,  and  hind  body, 
(as  in  the  insects,)  the  structural  idea  is  invaria- 
ble.. The  body  of  worms,  Crustacea,  or  insect  is 
always  a  hollow  cylinder,  containing  a  variety  of 
organs  and  divided  by  articulation." 

The  professor,  in  this  lecture,  gives  a  concise 
scientific  description  of  the  structural  plan  on 
which  both  this  third  and  the  above  second  grade 
in  the  animal  kingdom  are  produced,  to  which  we 
will  add,  that  each  specimen  in  all  three  of  the 
above  grades  has  a  heart,  which  is  the  seat  of  the 
force  of  animal  growth,  from  which  the  work  of 
constructing  the  body  and  repairing  the  system 
from  day  to  day  is  carried  on ;  also  a  head,  con- 
taining the  machinery  of  the  mind,  which  is  the 
terminus  of  the  nervous  system,  where  the  spirit 
of  intelligence  has  its  seat,  and  is  the  prime  cause 
of  every  sensation  felt  in  the  nervous  system, 
produces  every  muscular  movement,  guides  and 
directs  all  the  goings  out  and  comings  in  of  the 
body,  and  produces  every  thought  and  intelligent 
idea  of  the  soul,  without  which  the  structure, 
when  completed  by  the  force  of  growth  operating 
from  the  heart,  would  be  as  inert  and  senseless  as 
a  vegetable.  The  force  of  animal  growth  having 
completed  the  structure,  has  no  more  power  to 
quicken  it  into  the  condition  of  a  sensational 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          155 

living  soul  than  the  laws  of  crystallization  have  to 
produce  vegetation,  or  gravity  has  to  produce  an 
earthquake.  Throughout  the  entire  system  of 
organic  bodies  each  force  is  assigned  a  definite  ac- 
tion, and  operates  from  a  stand-point  of  its  own 
to  a  given  end,  and  is  as  constant  in  producing  a 
uniform  effect  as  the  sun  is  in  illuminating  the 
universe. 

The  force  of  animal  growth  constructs  the  body 
after  the  spiritual  pattern,  embracing  the  vital 
organs,  and  strung  with  a  nervous  system  oper- 
ating from  the  heart,  while  its  superintending 
co-worker,  the  finite  spirit  of  animal  intelligence, 
has  its  stand-point  of  operation  in  the  brain,  and 
quickens  the  structure  into  the  sensational  sphere 
of  a  living  soul,  capable  of  thinking,  reasoning, 
willing,  and  acting  from  intuition,  which  is  as 
surely  the  cause  of  each  structure  and  executive 
volition  thereof,  first  in  the  grade  of  animalcules, 
second  of  mollusks  and  radiates,  and  third  of  ar- 
ticulates, as  it  is  in  the  race  of  man ;  and  the  dis- 
tinction between  the  grades  of  intelligence  and 
the  "  comparative  structural  superiority  or  infe- 
riority" is  determined  simply  by  a  change  in  the 
arrangement  and  combination  of  the  same  simple 
elements  of  finite  spirit  and  force  of  animal  growth 
in  composing  the  harmony  of  the  spiritual  type 
of  the  species,  as  one  arrangement  of  the  same 
scale  of  eight  representatives  of  simple  sound 
composes  a  doggerel  song,  and  another  a  heaven- 


156  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

inspiring  anthem  giving  praise  to  God;  or  as 
one  arrangement  of  the  alphabet  composes  a  trea- 
tise on  scandal,  another  on  medicine,  another  on 
ethics,  another  on  metaphysics,  and  another  on 
theology,  all  of  which  are  language,  communicat- 
ing ideas  from  mind  to  mind,  each  representing 
a  certain  train  of  thought  inscribed  by  the  author 
in  words,  syllables,  and  sentences,  composed,  by 
a  series  of  varying  arrangements,  of  the  twenty- 
six  letters  of  the  alphabet,  only  seven  of  which 
represent  simple  sounds.  So  also  all  the  animals 
in  the  grades  of  animalcule,  shell-fish,  worms, 
and  insects  are  intelligent  souls,  capable  of  origi- 
nating ideas  and  communicating  the  same  to  each 
other,  each  species  of  which  represents  a  train  of 
thought  in  the  mind  of  the  Creator,  inscribed  by 
the  varied  combination  of  seven  simple  elements 
of  finite  spirit  from  the  same  department. 

Who  ever  viewed  the  orderly  step  with  which 
the  multitude  of  legs  on  a  centiped  take  up  their 
line  of  march,  and  the  martial  dignity  with  which 
every  turn  of  the  body  is  made,  the  defiant  regu- 
larity of  march,  and  the  flashing  eye  under  prov- 
ocation, without  seeing  in  every  movement  the 
dictation  of  an  intelligent  spirit,  and  a  coufiding 
trust  in  its  own  discipline  and  the  venom  of  the 
fangs  with  which  it  is  armed? 

Who  ever  teased  a  scorpion  into  a  war  passion, 
and  witnessed  its  strategic  movements,  springs 
from  side  to  side  in  evading  a  blow,  sudden  feint 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  157 

of  retreat  and  more  sudden  spring  of  return  to 
the  attack,  with  its  venomous  dagger  flourished 
high  in  air,  ready  to  strike  a  fatal  blow  in  every 
direction,  and  did  not  see  in  it  the  courage  and 
training  of  a  gladiator? 

Who  ever  viewed  the  serene  light  of  the  delicate 
little  glow-worm's  own  manufacture,  its  active 
somersaults,  and  bright  eye,  that  did  not  believe 
that  little  spirit  which  looks  out  through  the  eye 
causes  the  movement  and  manufactures  the  light? 

Is  there  no  intelligence  in  the  mathematical 
plan  of  a  spider's  web,  and  the  precision  with 
which  the  lines  are  laid  to  and  from  the  exact 
points  which  give  them  the  greatest  strength? 
Who  ever  was  struck  with  the  dagger  of  a  hornet, 
that  did  not  feel  that  it  was  driven  by  a  vindictive 
spirit  in  avenging  some  real  or  imagined  wrong? 
Who  ever  partook  of  the  delicious  pastry  from  the 
laboratory  of  a  colony  of  bees,  that  could  say  he 
believed  it  was  prepared  without  a  purpose?  Who 
ever  listened  to  the  nightly  concerts  of  the  crickets 
under  the  hearth,  katydids  among  the  garden 
shrubbery,  and  locusts  in  the  park,  and  did  not 
hear  anthems  of  praise  and  thanksgiving  to  him 
who  created  us  all? 


158  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

FIFTH    GRADE. 
FOWLS. 

The  forces  of  animal  growth,  as  arranged  and 
combined  from  the  simple  elements  thereof  for  the 
production  of  fowls  in  this  fifth  group  in  the  ani- 
mal kingdom,  are  certainly  experts  in  the  min- 
gling of  the  simple  elements  of  color,  and  stand 
at  the  head  of  the  list  of  illustrating  artists  in  the 
animal  kingdom,  and  are  scarcely  excelled  by  the 
floral  artist  in  the  growth  of  flowers. 

If  the  terrestrial  part  of  the  plumage  in  which 
the  pictures  are  indelibly  impressed  is  less  dura- 
ble than  the  oyster's  pearl,  the  celestial  substance 
thereof  is  indissoluble,  and  preserves  the  illustra- 
tion forever.  If  the  terrestrial  plumage  is  less 
transparent  in  material  or  polished  on  its  surface 
than  the  pearl,  the  celestial  is  clearer,  and  the 
colors  are  reflected  more  brightly  to  the  spiritual 
eye. 

This  mingling  of  the  elements  of  colors  in  bodies 
that  grow  is  the  work  of  the  force  of  growth  in 
the  animal  as  well  as  the  vegetable  kingdom. 
The  intelligent  spirit  of  the  mind  has  nothing  to 
do  with  the  coloring  of  its  flesh,  skin,  hair,  or 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          159 

plumage.  The  entire  work  of  embellishment  of 
natural  bodies  is  performed  by  the  force  of  growth, 
acting  from  the  heart,  and  independent  of  any 
mental  dictation  from  the  head,  yet  in  perfect 
harmony  with  the  spiritual  pattern  of  the  soul ; 
so  that,  whatever  the  design  or  coloring  of  the 
picture  may  be, — whether  of  hair,  skin,  plumage, 
or  shell, — it  is  the  glory  of  the  mental  sensation  of 
the  soul  and  pride  of  the  intellect,  which  would 
feel  humiliated  and  disgraced  by  the  slightest 
change  in  a  shade  of  its  natural  color.  The  force 
of  growth,  operating  from  the  heart,  produces  the 
body  in  the  specific  likeness  of  its  spiritual -proto- 
type— a  physical,  physiological,  and  phrenological 
development  of  the  immutable  purposes  of  God  in 
composing  the  species  of  which  it  is  a  propagated 
specimen,  and  embellishes  it  with  the  destined 
colors,  which,  though  varying  slightly  in  design, 
are  of  the  same  specific  pattern,  which  no  power 
but  him  who  formed  them  can  change  or  alter, 
nor  sin  of  amalgamation  change  for  more  than 
seven  generations.  All  specific  concordances  in 
the  propagation  of  animal  bodies  by  regular  spe- 
cific copulation  are  an  infinite  repetition  of  an 
omnipotently  designed  pattern.  All  amalgamat- 
ing discords  produced  by  irregular  copulation  are 
only  a  finite  disarrangement  of  an  infinite  pattern, 
limited  to  the  seventh  generation  at  the  furthest. 
The  disarrangement  is  only  in  the  terrestrial 
matter  of  the  body  iu  which  the  soul  is  molded — 


ICO  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE . 

the  terrestrial  mold  in  which  a  celestial  jewel  is 
cast — the  terrestrial  matter  in  which  the  substance 
of  an  immortal  soul  is  propagated.  The  discord 
is  produced  by  the  lodgment  of  the  foetus  in  a 
foreign  womb,  where  it  is  compelled  to  draw  its 
supplies  from  an  unnatural  reservoir.  No  amount 
of  amalgamation  can  affect  the  form  of  the  spirit- 
ual pattern  or  component  substance  of  the  celestial 
body.  Hence  the  hybrids  produced  by  any  cross 
between  different  races  which  will  breed  together 
work  back  to  the  genuine  type  of  the  sire  at  the 
end  of  the  seventh  generation,  and  that  is  the  end 
of  the*  discord. 

The  key-note  of  this  fifth  part  in  the  universal 
tune  of  harmonious  inte'Hgence  is  on  the  G  line  of 
the  natural  scale  appropriated  to  the  contralto,  and  is 
actually  sung  by  the  different  species  on  every  va- 
riety of  flats  and  sharps,  high  and  low  keys,  yet 
always  in  perfect  chord  with  the  seven  parts  of  the 
entire  piece  representing  the  complete  intelligence 
of  the  animal  kingdom. 

What  doxologies  of  praise  to  God  are  poured  forth 
from  those  little  throats ;  what  anthems  of  thanks- 
giving ascend  to  heaven  from  those  concerts  of  feath- 
ered songsters ;  what  loving  warblings  are  sung 
in  the  pairing  season,  and  what  soothing  chords 
of  lullaby  are  addressed  to  the  tender  young  by 
the  mother  nurse  while  pa  is  capturing  the  nour- 
ishing worm  or  gathering  cereals  to  develop  them 
into  a  new  choir  of  feathered  songsters,  who,  hav- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          161 

mg  sung  a  few  songs  for  our  entertainment,  and 
added  a  few  broods  to  the  number  of  their  species, 
drop  the  terrestrial  dross  of  their  gay  plumage,  and 
arrayed  in  the  celestial  substance  thereof,  refined 
into  its  gorgeous  celestial  brilliancy,  flit  away  to 
their  eternal  homes,  join  the  throng  of  their  an- 
cestors in  their  allotted  sphere  in  the  starry  heavens, 
from  which  an  everlasting  song  of  praise  goes  up 
to  him  who  composed  both  them  and  us  of  the 
same  elements,  that  each  should  fill  a  sphere  in 
the  halo  of  his  glory,  and  the  intellectual  cup  of 
each  be  filled  with  overflowing  joy. 

Who  ever  heard  the  song  of  a  bird  that  did  not 
want  it  to  live  forever  and  warble  off  its  overflow- 
ing joy  in  songs  of  praise  to  its  Creator.  And  are 
we  to  suppose  that  God  would  spend  his  energy  to 
compose  these  choirs  of  sweet  songsters  one  day,  to 
strike  them  out  of  existence  the  next?  No,  verily, 
the  purposes  of  God  are  without  recall,  and  the 
spiritual  patterns  of  his  designing  are  forever  the 
same:  once  a  linnet  always  a  linnet.  And  the 
lark,  in  the  ascension  of  its  morning  devotion, 
only  essays  the  final  ascension  which  its  liberated 
soul  takes  when  it  drops  the  dross  of  the  mold  in 
which  it  was  cast. 

If  we  are  edified  by  the  melody  of  their  concert 
who  are  strangers  to  them,  how  much  more  is  God 
glorified  when  he  hears  the  pleasing  effect  of  his 
own  composition :  and  Christ  said  that  not  a  spar- 
row falls  to  the  ground  without  his  notice. 
11 


162  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

If  the  force  of  animal  growth,  as  combined  for 
the  production  of  this  group  of  species  in  the  ani- 
mal kingdom,  is  an  expert  in  the  mingling  of  colors 
for  their  adornment,  the  spirit  of  intelligence  is  an 
equal  expert  in  the  melody  of  song,  for  it  has  com- 
posed strains,  yea,  verily,  and  sung  them  too,  so 
perfect  in  time,  tune,  and  inspired  melody,  that 
man  hath  never  yet  attained  to  its  equal  or  fair 
imitation. 

The  concord  with  which  some  of  the  groups  in 
the  animal  kingdom  harmonize  in  their  intelli- 
gent acts  is  beautifully  described  by  Cowper  in 
the  following  extract  from  a  poem: 

"  A  nightingale,  that  all  day  long 
Had  cheered  the  village  with  its  song, 
Nor  yet  at  eve  his  note  suspended, 
Nor  yet  when  eventide  was  ended, 
Began  to  feel,  as  well  he  might, 
The  keen  demands  of  appetite: 
When,  looking  eagerly  around, 
He  spied  far  off  upon  the  ground 
A  something  shining  in  the  dark, 
And  knew  the  glow-worm  by  its  spark; 
So,  stooping  down  from  northern  top, 
He  thought  to  put  him  in  his  crop. 
The  worm,  aware  of  his  intent, 
Harangued  him  thus  right  eloquent: 
'Did  you  admire  my  lamp,'  quoth  he, 
'  As  much  as  I  your  minstrelsy, 
You  would  abhor  to  do  me  wrong, 
As  much  as  I  to  spoil  your  song, 
For  'twas  the  self-same  power  divine 
Taught  you  to  sing  and  me  to  shine: 
That  you  with  music,  I  with  light, 
Might  beautify  and  cheer  the  night!'  " 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          163 

Thus  all  act  out  their  own  intelligent  parts  in 
the  universal  opera  of  intellectual  harmony  for 
their  own  amusement,  the  entertainment  of  each 
other,  and  the  glory  of  God,  who  composed  them 
all. 

What  though  the  nightingale  did  ^ut  that 
glow-worm  in  his  crop,  which  no  doubt  he  did, 
notwithstanding  his  admiration  of  the  glow  and 
the  harangue;  it  only  quenched  the  terrestrial 
spark,  while  it  liberated  the  soul  of  the  worm 
from  the  dross  of  the  mold  in  which  it  was  prop- 
agated, which,  adorned  with  its  celestial  glow, 
was  taken  up  by  its  Creator,  and  joined  with  its 
ancestors  in  their  everlasting  home  in  the  heav- 
ens, where  they  will  glow  on  forever  to  their  own 
satisfaction,  entertainment  of  the  beatific  souls  of 
all  the  animal  kingdom,  and  the  glory  of  the 
Omniscient  Composer.  And  it  is  just  possible 
that  some  greedy  hawk  parted  the  soul  of  the 
nightingale  from  its  propagating  dross,  by  gob- 
bling it  up  ere  the  close  of  the  succeeding  day, 
when  his  soul  flew  off  with  its  celestial  song  to  its 
eternal  home  in  the  heavens,  and  again  joins 
music  to  light  with  his  old  comrade  in  the  ever- 
lasting concert  of  intellectual  opera. 

In  this  group,  as  in  all  the  other  seven,  there  is 
an  infinite  variety  of  species,  which  never  cross 
or  amalgamate,  however  much  they  may  resem- 
ble each  other,  though  associating  in  the  most 
friendly  manner  in  the  same  domestic  barn-yards, 


164  SCIENCE  OP  INTELLIGENCE. 

wooded  parks,  and  limited  groves,  where  the  males 
and  females  of  each  race  pair  off  in  holy  wedlock, 
copulate,  and  rear  their  little  families,  as  constant 
to  the  spiritual  pattern  of  the  soul  of  the  protot}rpe 
of  their  species  as  the  sun  is  in  the  immutable 
light  of  its  illuminations. 

The  lover  of  nature  can  find  a  large  open  book 
of  instruction  in  every  well-supplied  colony  of 
domestic  fowls,  in  which  those  intelligent  peda- 
gogues are  ready  to  impart  a  vast  amount  of  in- 
formation, if  he  will  be  taught,  which  will 
strongly  corroborate  the  truths  herein  set  forth. 

Such  a  student  was  Addison,  and  what  he 
learned  in  that  school  we  will  let  him  relate  in 
his  own  way  by  the  following  quotation  from  one 
of  his  own  speculations:  (Addison's  Works,  by 
Richard  Hurd,  volume  2,  page  457  :) 

"My  friend  Sir  Roger  is  very  often  merry  with 
me  upon  my  passing  so  much  of  my  time  among 
his  poultry.  He  has  caught  me  twice  or  thrice 
looking  after  a  bird's-nest,  and  several  times  sit- 
ing an  hour  or  two  together  near  a  hen  and 
chickens.  He  tells  me  he  believes  I  am  person- 
ally acquainted  with  every  fowl  about  his  house ; 
calls  such  a  particular  cock  my  favorite,  and  fre- 
quently complains  that  his  ducks  and  geese  have 
more  of  my  company  than  himself. 

"I  must  confess  I  am  infinitely  delighted  with 
those  speculations  of  nature  which  are  to  be 
made  in  a  country  life ;  and  as  my  reading  has 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          165 

very  much  lain  among  books  of  natural  history, 
I  cannot  forbear  recollecting  upon  this  occasion 
the  several  remarks  which  I  have  met  with  in 
authors,  and  comparing  them  with  what  falls 
under  my  own  observation :  the  arguments  for 
Providence  drawn  from  the  natural  history  of 
animals  being  in  my  opinion  demonstrative. 

"The  make  of  every  kind  of  animal  is  different 
from  that  of  every  other  kind ;  and  yet  there  is 
not  the  least  turn  or  twist  in  the  fibers  of  any  one 
which  does  not  render  them  more  proper  for  that 
particular  way  of  life  than  any  other  cast  or  tex- 
ture of  them  would  have  done. 

' '  The  most  violent  appetites  in  all  creatures  are 
lust  and  hunger :  the  first  is  a  perpetual  call 
upon  them  to  propagate  their  kind;  the  latter, 
to  preserve  themselves. 

"It  is  astonishing  to  consider  the  different  de- 
grees of  care  that  descend  fro\n  the  parent  to  the 
young,  so  far  as  is  absolutely  necessary  for  the 
leaving  a  posterity.  Some  creatures  cast  their 
eggs  as  chance  directs  them  and  think  of  them  no 
further,  as  insects  and  several  kinds  of  fish ;  oth- 
ers, of  a  nicer  frame,  find  out  proper  beds  to  de- 
posit them  in,  and  there  leave  them,  as  the  ser- 
pent, the  crocodile,  and  ostrich ;  others  hatch  their 
eggs  and  tend  the  birth  till  it  is  able  to  shift  for 
itself. 

"What  can  we  call  the  principle  which  directs 
every  different  kind  of  bird  to  observe  a  particular 


166  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

plan  in  the  structure  of  its  nest,  and  directs  all 
of  the  same  species  to  work  after  the  same  model  ? 
It  cannot  be  imitation ;  for  though  you  hatch  a 
crow  under  a  hen,  and  never  let  it  see  any  of  the 
works  of  its  own  kind,  the  nest  it  makes  shall  he 
the  same,  to  the  laying  of  a  stick,  with  all  the 
other  nests  of  the  same  species."  *  *  * 

"Is  it  not  remarkable  that  the  same  tempera- 
ture of  weather  which  raises  this  genial  warmth 
in  animals  should  cover  t,he  trees  with  leaves  and 
the  fields  with  grass  for  their  security  and  con- 
cealment, and  produce  such  infinite  swarms  of 
insects  for  the  support  and  sustenance  of  their 
respective  broods  ?  Is  it  not  wonderful  that  the 
love  of  the  parent  should  be  so  violent  while  it 
lasts,  and  that  it  should  last  no  longer  than  is 
necessary  for  the  preservation  of  the  young."  *  *  * 

"With  what  caution  does  the  hen  provide 
herself  a  nest  in  places  unfrequented  and  free 
from  noise  and  disturbance  !  When  she  has  laid 
her  eggs  in  such  a  manner  that  she  can  cover 
them,  what  care  does  she  take  in  turning  them 
frequently,  that  all  parts  may  partake  of  the  vital 
warmth  1  When  she  leaves  them  to  provide  for 
her  necessary  sustenance,  how  punctually  does 
she  return  before  they  have  time  to  cool  and  be- 
come incapable  of  producing  an  animal.  In  the 
summer  you  see  her  giving  herself  great  freedoms 
and  quitting  her  care  for  above  two  hours  together, 
but  in  winter,  when  the  rigor  of  the  season 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  167 

would  cliill  the  principle  of  life  and  destroy  the 
young  one,  she  grows  more  assiduous  in  her  at- 
tendance and  stays  away  but  half  the  time.  When 
the  birth  approaches,  with  how  much  nicety  and 
attention  does  she  help  the  chick  to  break  its 
prison  !  Not  to  take  notice  of  her  covering  it 
from  the  injuries  of  the  weather,  providing  it 
proper  nourishment,  and  teaching  it  to  help  itself, 
nor  to  mention  her  forsaking  the  nest  if  after  the 
usual  time  of  reckoning  the  young  one  does  not 
make  its  appearance.  A  chemical  operation  could 
not  be  followed  with  greater  art  or  diligence  than 
is  seen  in  the  hatching  of  a  chick  ;  though  there 
are  many  other  birds  that  show  an  infinitely 
greater  sagacity  in  all  the  forementioned  par- 
ticulars." *  *  * 

"As  I  was  walking  this  morning  in  the  great 
yard  that  belongs  to  my  friend's  country  house, 
I  was  wonderfully  pleased  to  see  the  different 
workings  of  instinct  in  a  hen  followed  by  a  brood 
of  ducks.  The  young,  upon  the  sight  of  a  pond, 
immediately  ran  into  it,  while  the  stepmother, 
with  all  imaginable  anxiety,  hovered  about  the 
borders  of  it  to  call  them  out  of  an  element  that 
appeared  to  her  so  dangerous  and  destructive. 
As  the  different  principles  which  acted  in  those 
different  animals  cannot  be  termed  reason,  so 
when  we  call  it  instinct,  we  mean  something  we 
have  no  knowledge  of.  To  me,  as  I  hinted  in  my 
last-  paper,  it  seems  the  immediate  direction  of 


108  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

Providence,  and  sucli  an  operation  of  the  Supreme 
Being  as  that  which  determines  all  the  portions 
of  matter  to  their  proper  centers." 

It  is  strange  that  Mr.  Addison  did  not  discover 
that  the  acts  of  those  fowls  were  as  much  the  effect 
of  a  spirit  of  intelligence  operating  upon  their 
brains  as  ours  are,  and  that,  as  far  as  their  intui- 
tive capacity  extended,  their  actions  were  directed 
by  a  will,  produced  by  reasoning  from  cause  to 
effect,  and  a  judgment  of  the  effect  certain  to 
follow  a  cause,  which  affected  their  interest,  that  is 
wonderfully  correct.  'But  as  he  was  not  able  to 
discover  this  truth,  probably  on  account  of  its 
simplicity,  nor  able  to  distinguish  between  our 
reason  and  their  intuition,  he  fell  back  upon  the 
heathen  idea,  Deus  est  brutum — God  himself  is 
the  soul  of  beasts — which  for  so  many  centuries 
filled  Europe  and  Africa  with  gross  moral  dark- 
ness, and  caused  the  sacrificing  of  thousands  of 
innocent  people  on  the  burning  altars  of  idolatry 
to  appease  the  wrath  of  devouring  beastly  deities. 

Christianity  commenced  a  war  of  extermination 
on  that  demoralizing  pagan  theory  of  a  devouring 
beastly  deity  about  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
three  years  ago,  since  which  time  it  has  been 
steadily  dispelling  that  miasmal  fog  of  moral 
death,  and  opening  up  a  highway  for  the  progress 
of  scientific  research  into  the  great  truths  which 
were  so  long  hid  from  men  by  heathen  my- 
thology and  religious  bigotry.  Progressive  re- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  169 

search  into  heavenly  truths,  which  Christ  com- 
pared to  a  grain  of  mustard  seed  producing  a  tree, 
a  spoonful  of  yeast  in  a  harrel  of  flour  leavening 
the  whole  lump,  and  many  other  progressive 
things,  has  finally  exposed  the  absurdity  of  a 
deity  having  infinite  parts  without  a  head,  and 
has  revealed  in  its  stead  a  God  of  infinite  parts, 
with  a  self-constructed  omnipotent  person,  crowned 
with  an  omniscient  head  to  devise  and  a  force  of 
holy  spirit  to  execute  through  an  omnipresent 
system  of  nervation,  acting  from  a  common  center, 
in  composing  the  universe,  as  the  rays  of  the  sun 
do  in  illumination  of  it,  who  has  composed  all  the 
specific  degrees  of  intelligence  in  the  animal  king- 
dom by  changing  the  arrangement  of  seven  simple 
elements  of  finite  spirit  in  affinity  with  a  corre- 
sponding change  in  theseven  simpleelementsof  the 
force  of  animal  growth ;  consequently,  each  change 
in  the  combination  of  spiritual  elements  causes  a 
corresponding  change  in  the  combination  of  the 
elements  of  the  force  of  growth,  which  changes  in 
some  specific  degree  the  physical,  physiological, 
and  phrenological  form  of  the  body,  texture  of 
flesh,  turn  and  strength  of  muscle,  tone  of  the 
nervous  system,  and  degree  of  intelligence,  which 
necessarily  change  the  intuitive  capacity  for  orig- 
inating ideas,  and  limit  the  reasoning  capacity  to 
a  circle  of  greater  or  less  extent — the  boundaries 
of  which  are  determined  by  the  field  containing 
the  resources  for  supplying  its  own  wants. 


170  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

Each  change  in  the  texture  of  flesh  requires  a 
corresponding  change  in  the  quality  of  food  for 
its  replenishment,  and  in  the  mode  of  obtaining 
it.  Each  specific  change  in  degree  of  intelli- 
gence changes  the  mood  of  enjoyment.  Hence 
each  species  of  animal  by  intuition  adopts  a  dif- 
ferent habitation,  and  works  out  its  destiny  of  life 
in  a  mood  differing  from  every  other  in  about  the 
same  degree  that  it  differs  in  personal  appearance. 

Ducks  and  other  water-fowl  have  webbed  feet, 
which  serve  as  propelling  paddles  in  the  water ; 
hens  have  long  strong  toes  and  clumped  nails, 
with  which  to  scratch  for  worms  and  seeds  on  dry 
land ;  hawks  and  other  birds  of  prey  have  strong 
claws  and  sharp  nails,  with  which  to  seize  their 
victims,  and  strong  wedge-pointed  beaks,  with 
which  to  strike  a  deadly  blow  and  tear  the  carcass 
to  pieces. 

In  domestic  fowl  the  facilities  of  studying  the 
adaptability  of  structure  to  mood  of  enjoyment 
and  manner  of  working  out  the  destiny  of  life 
are  much  greater  than  in  others.  With  what 
wonderful  constancy  they  adhere  to  the  spiritual 
pattern  of  their  prototype.  Change  the  hen's 
eggs  for  those  of  a  duck,  and  the  biddy  nurse  will 
not  only  hatch  them,  but  she  will  nurse  them  with 
the  same  assiduity  that  she  would  her  own  brood  ; 
and  notwithstanding  she  despises  the  fraud,  still 
she  remains  true  to  the  trust  reposed  in  her,  cov- 
ers them  with  her  wings,  and  scratches  for  them 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          171 

to  the  extent  of  her  ability  till  they  are  capable 
of  providing  for  themselves,  and  that  is  the  end 
of  the  fraternal  relation  between  them.  Amalga- 
mation never  follows  this  motherly  care  and  infan- 
tile dependence.  The  period  requiring  protection 
ended,  the  mother  and  adopted  ducklings  each 
take  up  their  specific  work  of  destiny,  and  go  on 
with  the  propagation  of  a  holy  seed  in  harmony 
with  the  spiritual  pattern  of  their  race.  Never  in 
any  case  do  they  mate  with  another  species. 

The  constancy  with  which  the  spiritual  pattern 
in  which  God  composed  the  soul  of  the  patriarchal 
pair  of  each  species,  by  an  equivalent  combination 
of  the  seven  simple  elements  of  finite  spirit,  is 
easily  observed  and  clearly  demonstrated  by  fowls 
bred  in  the  same  yard  and  under  the  same  force 
of  circumstances.  Here  the  axiom  is  clearly  and 
strikingly  demonstrated.  But  it  is  no  more  marked 
and  rigorously  observed  by  them  than  it  is  by 
every  other  species  throughout  the  animal  king- 
dom below  the  grade  of  man.  Even  the  thorough- 
bred Indian  never  did,  and  never  will,  attempt  to 
amalgamate  with  negroes,  apes,  monkeys,  or  even  a 
woman  or  other  female  not  of  his  race,  which  was 
demonstrated  in  the  early  settlement  of  this  con- 
tinent: for  in  the  early  Indian  wars  there  is  no  rec- 
ord that  they  ever  attempted  to  amalgamate  with 
captive  women.  Whatever  else  they  did,  they  al- 
ways maintained  the  purity  of  their  race.  All  the 
half-breed  Indians  and  mulattoes  are  the  result  of 


172  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

a  cross  between  white  men  and  female  Indians  or 
negresses. 

Man  is  the  only  animal  that  ever  deteriorated 
his  own  soul  or  vitiated  the  spiritual  pattern  of  his 
species  by  voluntary  amalgamation.  In  every 
other  species  of  animal,  from  the  Indian  to  the 
animalcule,  the  constancy  with  which  each  species 
confine  their  matrimonial  alliances  within  the  lim- 
its of  their  own  race,  and  repeat  the  spiritual  pat- 
tern of  their  prototype,  was  beautifully  expressed 
by  the  poet  when  he  sung — 

"Like  loves  like,  and  love  likes  love; 
Eagle  mates  with  eagle,  and  dove  seeks  dove." 

Thus  the  animal  kingdom  instinctively  classi- 
fies itself  into  species,  and  demonstrates  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  seven  simple  elements  of  the 
force  of  animal  growth  were  arranged  in  the  spir- 
itual pattern  of  the  first  pair  by  the  physical, 
physiological,  and  phrenological  development  of 
the  structure,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  seven 
simple  elements  of  finite  spirit  were  arranged  in 
the  construction  of  the  spiritual  type  of  the  spe- 
cies by  the  intuitive  ideas  of  the  race,  their  spe- 
cific mood  of  enjoyment,  habits,  and  manner  of 
working  out  the  destiny  of  life. 

There  is  no  axiom  within  the  comprehension  of 
man  better  established  than  that  the  families  of 
each  species  build  their  habitations,  burrows, 
nests,  and  marine  copulating  beds  on  a  uniform 
plan  of  structure.  Hence,  wherever  a  family  of 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          173 

Indians  is  found,  whether  in  Asia,  Europe,  or 
America,  their  wigwams  are  built  on  a  uniform 
plan  of  structure ;  and  all  the  mud  huts  built  by 
the  families  of  negroes  are  as  uniform  in  struc- 
ture as  the  nests  of  crows,  martins,  or  hanging 
birds ;  and  whatever  form  of  architecture  or  plan 
of  structure  any  species  of  animal  build,  we  should 
know  that  their  habitations  are  by  their  own 
intuition  exactly  adapted  to  their  mood ;  and  to 
compel  or  induce  them  to  live  in  any  other  is 
forcing  or  seducing  them  into  a  state  of  barbar- 
ism, living  in  a  condition  contrary  to  nature. 
Men  who  have  the  control  and  management  of 
animals  should  always  watch  their  moods,  and 
furnish  them  with  habitations  as  near  as  possible 
like  those  which  they  construct  or  choose  for  them- 
selves, and  supply  them  with  the  food  of  their 
own  choice.  Neither  should  different  species  ever 
be  herded  in  the  same  fold,  always  bearing  in 
mind  that  such  change  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
seven  simple  elements  of  spirit  causes  a  similar 
change  in  the  arrangement  of  the  seven  simple 
elements  of  force  of  growth,  and  a  corresponding 
change  in  the  arrangement  of  the  seven  simple 
elements  of  celestial  substance  and  terrestrial 
matter  which  compose  the  specific  body,  and  nec- 
essarily requires  a  change  in  the  kind  of  food  to 
reconstruct  and  keep  it  in  repair.  In  all  cases  the 
owners  of  poultry  should  carefully  observe  the  in- 
tuitive desire  of  the  soul  of  the  species  as  to  quality 


174  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

of  food,  nesting  places,  and  shelter  from  storms,  and 
the  very  largest  liberty  should  be  allowed  which 
is  consonant  with  domestic  order  ;  and  any  op- 
pression, starvation,  or  abuse  of  them  should  be 
promptly  punished  by  the  government.  They 
are  living  souls,  which  Grod  has  composed  by  a 
different  arrangement  of  the  same  simple  ele- 
ments of  spirit,  force,  and  substance  of  which  man 
is  composed,  and  are  capable  of  enjoying  a  great 
deal  of  pleasure  and  of  suffering  intense  pain,  and 
he  will  bring  their  owners  to  judgment  for  any 
abuse  of  them. 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          175 


CHAPTER  XV. 
SIXTH   GRADE. 

ELEMENTS  OP  FORCE  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH — QUADRUPEDS. 

The  mites  of  the  force  of  animal  growth,  as 
arranged  and  combined  into  spiritual  patterns  for 
the  propagation  of  the  various  races  in  this  grade 
of  the  animal  kingdom,  are  on  a  much  larger 
plan  and  more  substantial  basis  than  either  of  the 
five  lower  grades. 

As  it  is  in  all  the  foregoing  groups,  so  it  is  in 
this :  there  is  an  infinite  variety  of  species,  be- 
'tween  all  of  which  there  is  some  essential  differ- 
ence in  structure,  habits,  and  mood.  Still  the 
structural  plan  of  the  whole  group  is  based  on  the 
quadruped  idea — vertebrates,  with  four  substan- 
tial legs,  tipped  with  strong  elastic  feet,  some  of 
which  are  coronet  shaped,  some  cloven,  and  some 
with  several  toes,  shod  with  durable  elastic  soles, 
and  bound  together  with  strong  ligaments  or 
elastic  webs. 

The  physical  appearance  of  each  species  in  this 
group  exhibits  the  exterior  of  the  spiritual  pattern 
of  the  soul  of  its  archetype,  the  nervous  tempera- 
ment demonstrates  the  tone  of  the  nervous  system 
on  which  it  plays  its  own  mood,  and  the  phreno- 


176  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

logical  development  indicates  the  ideal  and  mental 
capacity  of  the  spirit. 

The  arrangement  of  the  simple  elements  of  the 
force  of  growth  in  composing  the  soul  of  any  spe- 
cies of  animal  is  always  combined  in  such  perfect 
harmony  with  the  arrangement  and  combination 
of  the  same  simple  elements  of  finite  spirit,  that 
the  length,  size,  and  shape  of  every  bone,  form  of 
muscle,  tension  of  nerve,  vital  organ,  and  phreno- 
logical bump  are  composed  in  perfect  concord  with 
the  mental  forces  and  capacity  of  the  spirit ;  so  that 
by  studying  the  exterior  of  the  structure,  the  spon- 
taneous acts  which  demonstrate  the  intuitive  idea 
as  clearly  as  words  could  do,  and  the  physical 
strength  of  bone  and  muscle  as  manifested  by 
their  movement,  and  natural  propensities  by  their 
habitual  moods,  we  can  judge  very  correctly  of  the 
plan  on  which  the  simple  elements  of  force  and 
spirit  were  arranged  in  composing  the  spiritual 
pattern  of  the  soul  of  the  species.  And  by  observ- 
ing the  kind  of  food  which  it  voluntarily  selects 
at  the  table  of  nature,  we  can  judge  tolerably  well 
of  the  proportionate  combinations  of  matter  used 
in  its  specific  structure,  and  thus  be  able  to  treat 
those  over  which  we  have  control  in  a  manner 
most  conducive  to  their  enjoyment,  and  conse- 
quently to  their  health,  fattening  condition,  and 
physical  and  mental  powers  of  endurance  to  per- 
form good  service. 

In  said  investigations  into  the  nature,  wants, 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          177 

and  best  mode  of  treating  every  species  of  animal 
over  which  we  have  control,  it  will  be  well  to  re- 
member that  each  specific  change  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  seven  simple  elements  of  finite  spirit, 
in  composing  the  spiritual  pattern  of  the  species, 
causes  a  corresponding  change  in  the  arrangement 
of  the  seven  simple  elements  of  force  of  animal 
growth  and  the  seven  simple  elements  of  substance 
and  matter  constituting  the  soul.  The  inevitable 
consequence  of  which  is  a  corresponding  change  in 
the  length,  size,  and  shape  of  every  bone,  round- 
ing and  fitting  of  every  joint,  size,  shape,  and 
twist  of  every  muscle,  tension  of  every  nerve,  tex- 
ture of  flesh,  size  of  veins  and  arteries,  and  a  cor- 
responding change  in  the  sanguine  fluid  which 
circulates  through  them,  which  necessarily  re- 
quires a  corresponding  change  in  the  food  that 
supplies  the  material  of  which  the  blood  is  com- 
posed for  the  construction  and  repair  of  the  body. 
It  is  true  that  a  species  of  animal  can  be  made 
to  eke  out  a  sickly  existence  on  food  which  contains 
but  very  little  of  the  elements  required  by  their 
system,  but  it  is  a  great  waste  of  food,  as  well  as 
a  cause  of  much  suffering  to  them ;  for  they  are 
compelled  to  eat  enormous  quantities  of  it  in  order 
to  extract  therefrom  the  very  little  nourishment 
which  it  contains  for  their  system,  which  keeps 
their  stomachs  crowded  and  overloaded  with  for- 
eign substances  which  are  in  a  manner  poison  to 
them,  but  just  the  elements  which  some  other  ani- 
'12 


178  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

mal  requires  for  its  proper  nourishment,  and  which 
is  thus  destroyed  by  an  unnatural  digestion,  is  a 
source  of  irritation  to  the  bowels,  and  is  finally 
thrown  off  in  piles  of  excrement,  to  be  trampled 
under  foot  by  the  very  animals  that  would  have 
fattened  upon  it  if  it  had  been  fed  to  them  in  its 
cereal  condition,  and  is  thus  not  only  lost  to  the 
animal  kingdom,  but  becomes  a  putrescent  manu- 
factory of  unwholesome  gases,  engendering  disease 
through  the  fold. 

Much  valuable  time  is  also  lost,  force  unneces- 
sarily expended,  and  nutritious  cereals  destroyed 
by  cooking  and  fermenting  food  for  hogs  and  other 
animals,  as  is  frequently  done.  The  stomachs  of 
all  the  species  of  this  group  are  capacitated  to  di- 
gest their  food  in  its  natural  cereal  condition. 
Cooking  and  fermenting  only  create  an  unnatural 
appetite,  whereby  the  stomach  is  overloaded  and 
the  contents  hurried  off  through  the  intestines  in 
an  undigested  condition,  irritating  the  bowels  and 
producing  a  feverish  condition  of  the  system,  which 
render  the  meat  soft,  oily,  and  vapid.  Potatoes 
fed  raw  to  hogs  will  make  about  one-third  more 
pork,  which  is  much  firmer  and  healthier  for  food 
than  when  cooked  or  fermented  before  feeding.  It 
is  true  it  will  take  a  little  more  time  to  bring  them 
up  to  the  same  condition,  but  the  saving  in  food, 
expense  of  cooking,  and  quality  of  the  meat  doubly 
make  up  for  the  time:  i.  e.,  grown  hogs  cannot  be 
brought  up  from  starved  skeletons  to  a  killing  con- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  179 

dition  on  raw  potatoes  in  as  short  a  time  as  they 
can  on  boiled  and  fermented  mash ;  but  if  pigs 
are  fed  regularly  with  all  they  can  eat,  from,  the 
time  they  are  born  till  they  are  eight  or  nine 
months  old,  they  will  be  in  better  condition  at  the 
end  of  nine  months  than  skeletons  starved  for  six- 
teen months  and  fattened  for  three  on  one  third 
less  food,  and  the  meat  will  be  worth  one  quarter 
more  per  pound. 

Feeding  work  horses  or  other  stock  with  chopped 
or  ground  oats,  barley,  or  other  cereals  is  a  waste 
of  food  and  injurious  to  the  animal.  It  is  neces- 
sary that  all  the  food  taken  into  an  animal's 
stomach  should  be  thoroughly  saturated  with  the 
saliva  from  the  glands  of  the  mouth  before  passing 
into  the  stomach  to  prepare  it  for  digestion,  which 
can  only  be  done  by  thorough  mastication  between 
their  own  grinders.  Ground  food  is  swallowed 
without  being  properly  saturated  with  the  saliva 
from  the  glands,  consequently  it  is  hurried  on 
through  the  system  in  an  undigested  state,  oper- 
ating as  a  cathartic,  and  prostrating  the  animal 
instead  of  strengthening  it.  Thus,  what  would 
have  been  nutritious  strengthening  food,  if  ground 
between  the  jaws  of  the  animal,  becomes  prostrat- 
ing physic  when  ground  before  feeding,  and  the 
result  is  a  waste  of  food  and  prostration  of  energy 
in  the  animal  it  was  designed  to  strengthen. 

In  this  group  of  the  animal  kingdom,  as  well  as> 
with  men,  the  mental  condition  has  great  influence 


180  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

over  the  physical  forces.  Therefore,  in  order  to 
get  the  best  use  of  servants,  whether  quadrupeds 
or  bipeds,  they  must  be  kept  in  good  humor,  and 
supplied  with  food  most  congenial  to  their  systems, 
so  that  no  force  be  wasted  in  digesting  unwhole- 
some food,  or  lost  by  a  physic-weakened  condition 
of  the  system. 

The  key-note  of  the  intellectual  harmony  of  this 
group  is  on  A  of  the  natural  scale,  appropriated 
to  the  tenor  part  of  the  tune  which  comprehends 
the  universal  drama  of  the  animal  kingdom,  and 
on  the  fifth  line  of  the  staff,  and  is  flatted  and 
sharped,  (1)  from  a  very  small  mouse  to  a  grizzly 
bear;  (2)  from  a  pig  to  an  elephant;  (3)  from  a 
weasel  to  a  royal  tiger ;  (4)  from  a  petit  dog  to  a 
lion ;  (5)  from  an  antelope  to  a  buffalo ;  (6)  from 
a  goat  to  an  ox ;  (7)  from  a  pony  to  a  draught- 
horse.  All  the  species  in  this  group  perform  their 
part  in  the  drama  by  acting;  there  is  not  a  musi- 
cian in  the  group,  but  what  they  lack  in  musical 
talent  they  make  up  in  force  of  action,  many  of 
which  are  of  great  utility  in  the  work  of  civiliza- 
tion, under  the  judicious  management  of  man. 

Each  species  has  a  language  precisely  adapted 
to  the  understanding  of  its  own  race,  made  up 
partly  of  words  vocally  expressed,  partly  of 
gestures,  and  partly  of  a  spiritual  reading  of  eacli 
other's  thoughts,  by  which  they  exchange  ideas: 
and  a  man  who  is  not  capable  of  learning  their 
language  and  understanding  their  requests,  de- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          181 

sires,  and  ailments  does  not  know  as  much  as  they 
do,  and  never  should  be  allowed  to  have  any  con- 
trol or  management  of  them. 

Any  of  them  learn  our  language  readily ;  and  if 
they  had  organs  of  speech  which  admitted  of  a 
proper  pronunciation  of  words  in  our  language, 
many  of  them  would  converse  with  more  decorum 
than  many  of  the  bipeds  of  our  own  race ;  and  with 
most  of  them  the  best  of  us  could  swap  ideas  with 
profit  to  ourselves. 

Among  those  animals  which  are  employed  as 
servants  in  a  variety  of  useful  occupations  the 
horse  stands  at  the  head  of  the  list,  as  a  kind,  in- 
telligent, faithful  servant,  which  could  not  well 
be  dispensed  with  in  tilling  the  earth,  gathering 
crops,  transporting  them  to  market,  propelling 
our  family  carriages,  and  transporting  army  sup 
plies,  in  all  of  which  occupations  they  perform 
nineteen-twentieths  of  the  labor  which  men  would 
otherwise  have  to  do ;  and  when  used  at  any  one 
employment  steadily,  they  soon  learn  to  perform 
it  skillfully,  without  whip  or  rein.  Having  been 
driven  a  few  times  over  a  road,  drawing  a  loaded 
vehicle,  they  recollect  every  rough  place,  crook, 
and  turn  in  it,  and  will  work  a  load  through  it  in 
a  night  so  dark  that  the  driver  can  render  no 
assistance  in  guiding  them  ;  and  if  kindly  treated, 
will  perform  their  duties  at  the  word  of  command 
just  as  honestly  and  faithfully  as  man  can. 

Many  cases  of  extraordinary  intelligence  and 


182  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

fidelity  in  the  performance  of  certain  kinds  of 
service  by  them  are  published  in  natural 'history, 
and  we  will  add  one  more  to  the  list  which  came 
within  our  own  knowledge. 

While  traveling  through  the  gold  mines  of 
California,  we  visited  a  placer  claim,  situated 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  American 
river,  from  which  the  owners  were  hauling  gravel 
to  the  river  and  washing  out  gold  in  sluice-boxes 
with  water  taken  from  the  river.  At  the  time 
we  arrived  at  the  claim  they  were  loading  a  cart 
with  gravel  in  a  pit  which  had  been  sunk  some  four 
feet  to  uncover  the  strata  of  pay  gravel.  Hitched 
to  the  cart  was  a  substantial,  strongly-made  pony, 
of  the  French  stock,  raised  in  Canada.  When 
the  cart  was  loaded,  one  of  the  men  said  to  the 
pony,  "That's  a  fair  load  for  you;  take  it  down," 
and  away  he  went  to  the  dump-pile,  wheeled 
around,  and  backed  up  as  near  to  the  sluices  as 
possible,  and  quietly  waited  till  the  man  who  was 
washing  got  the  sluices  in  a  condition  to  leave 
them,  when  he  dumped,  the  load.  Away  went 
the  pony  again  to  the  pit,  wheeled  around,  and 
backed  into  the  place  of  loading,  without  any 
word,  sign,  or  gesture  from  the  men,  and  when 
the  load  was  completed  returned  to  the  dump,  and 
then  back  to  the  pit;  and  thus  he  went  on  till  the 
day's  work  was  ended,  when  we  all  went  down  with 
the  last  load  to  see  the  panning  out  of  the  day's 
work.  As  soon  as  the  last  load  was  dumped,  the 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          183 

pony  started  off  again,  and  we  inquired  if  he  was 
going  back  to  the  pit.  They  answered,  "No;  he 
is  going  to  the  stable  this  time,  where  his  mis- 
tress, whom  he  brought  across  the  plains  on  his 
back,  will  ungear  him  and  put  him  in  his  nice 
stable,  and  pay  him  for  his  day's  work  with  a 
lump  of  sugar,  a  feed  of  good  well-cured  hay, 
some  nice  barley,  a  few  friendly  pats  about  the 
head  and  neck,  and  he  believed  she  kissed  him 
sometimes,  all  of  which  lie  accepted  with  a  friend- 
ly whinny,  a  kiss  in  return,  a  bow  of  thanks, 
and  considered  himself  well  paid  for  his  day's 
work. 

This  kind  of  intelligence  in  a  horse  may  seem 
wonderful  to  people  who  suppose  that  a  horse  is 
only  a  little  spark  of  phosphorus  done  up  in  a 
bundle  of  lime,  sulphur,  saltpeter,  and  mucilage, 
which  a  scratch  may  touch  off  with  a  snap,  a  fiz, 
and  a  blue  blaze  with  an  unpleasant  odor,  and 
their  spark  of  life  is  extinguished  forever:  only  a 
bundle  of  animal  instinct,  which  appears  for  a 
year  or  two  in  the  form  of  a  horse  and  then  dis- 
appears, to  make  his  next  bow  to  us  in  the  form 
of  a  toad  or  a  snake.  But  to  those  who  under- 
stand the  plain  simple  truths  of  nature,  it  is  no 
more  wonderful  than  their  own  intelligence.  In 
that  honest,  faithful,  working  horse  they  see  only 
a  different  arrangement  and  combination  of  the 
same  simple  elements  of  spiritual  force  and  sub- 
stance in  equivalent  proportions  to  compose  a 


184  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

horse  and  give  him  a  certain  degree  of  intelligence 
and  reasoning  capacity,  which  being  differently 
combined  in  equivalent  proportions  to  constitute 
a  man,  give  him  a  higher  degree  of  intelligence, 
a  larger  circle  to  his  reasoning  capacity.  As  one 
arrangement  of  the  simple  elements  of  sound  sig- 
nifies MAN  and  another  signifies  HORSE,  the  simple 
elements  of  sound  pronounced  in  a  certain  man- 
ner signify  horse  :  so  also  the  simple  elements  of 
spirit,  force,  and  substance,  combined  in  a  certain 
manner,  compose  an  intelligent  soul.  The  qual- 
ity of  sound  is  signification ;  the  quality  of  soul, 
intelligence.  Sound  signifies  the  name  and 
quality  of  a  thing ;  soul  expresses  the  sound  and 
understands  the  signification.  As  the  horse  both 
expresses  sounds  and  understands  the  significa- 
tion of  them,  he  is  undoubtedly  a  living  soul ; 
and,  being  a  living  soul,  composed  by  the  omnip- 
otent power  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  concord  with 
the  design  of  God,  therefore  the  said  horse  can 
never  cease  to  exist  in  the  exact  form  in  which  he 
was  conceived  and  brought  forth  upon  the  stage 
of  action,  neither  can  he  ever  cease  acting  out  the 
horse  sense  which  the  combination  of  simple  ele- 
ments in  the  spiritual  pattern  of  the  prototype  of 
his  species  gives  him.  As  he  was  conceived  and 
born  a  horse,  so  will  he  everlastingly  remain  a 
horse,  acting  out  the  part  of  his  species  in  the 
great  drama  of  intelligent  harmony. 

Who  has  not  seen  that  educated  horse  of  the 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          185 

circus,  and  having  seen  the  appropriate  manner 
in  which  he  plays  his  part,  can  attribute  it  to  any 
other  cause  than  the  intelligent  action  of  an  im- 
mortal soul  ?  Most  people  have  seen  that  troop 
of  educated  dogs,  with  a  spotted  clown,  who  plays 
his  comic  part  with  more  pleasing  variations  than 
his  biped  rival,  even  to  the  funniest  grimace  and 
swaggering  gait.  Is  it  not  wonderful  to  see  how 
attentively  each  one  of  that  quadruped  troop, 
from  his  perch  in  the  chair,  watches  for  the  point 
in  the  play  at  which  his  part  comes  in,  descends 
and  performs  it,  and  returns  to  his  seat,  as  proud 
and  happy  at  the  cheering  of  the  audience  as  their 
rival  bipeds  of  the  ring,  not  to  mention  their  de- 
pression of  spirits  at  a  silent  reception  of  their 
acting  and  actual  distress  at  a  hiss.  Those  little 
quadrupeds  are  wonderfully  amusing  in  the  acting 
of  their  parts,  which  they  perform  with  as  much 
intelligent  precision,  amusement  of  the  audience, 
and  enjoyment  to  themselves  as  the  bipeds  of  the 
ring  do  theirs,  whom  most  people  suppose  to  have 
souls. 

As  there  is  no  wire-pulling  behind  the  scenes  in 
the  performances  of  those  little  quadrupeds,  but 
each  a^ts  his  part  with  the  same  sense  of  power 
in  himself  to  please  the  audience  that  his  biped 
rival  does,  to  what  other  cause  can  we  attribute 
his  performance  than  a  knowledge  of  the  effect 
which  a  certain  act  will  produce  upon  the  au- 
dience, and  an  artistic  performance  of  the  act  to 


186  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

please,  and  draw  therefrom  demonstrations  of  ap- 
proval of  his  capacity  as  an  actor? 

Thousands  of  instances  are  recorded  in  which 
dogs  have  saved  the  lives  of  their  masters  by  a 
correct  comprehension  of  the  surrounding  circum- 
stances, at  great  peril,  quick  discernment  of  the 
only  means  of  escape,  and  prompt  rescue  in  the 
most  fearless,  determined  manner,  and  by  the 
only  possible  means.  Let  him  who  says  it  was 
not  the  act  of  an  individual  immortal  soul,  guided 
by  the  light  of  a  correct  process  of  reasoning  to 
a  sound  judgment,  executed  by  a  fearless  will, 
explain  to  us  how  else  it  was  done. 

To  the  catalogue  of  the  record  of  cases  of  the 
prompt  rescue  of  life  from  imminent  peril  by  the 
sensible  act  of  a  quadruped  we  will  add  one  more, 
that  came  under  our  own  observation. 

When  about  nine  years  of  age,  some  five  or  six 
of  our  school-mates,  ranging  from  six  to  ten  years 
old,  on  a  warm  summer's  day  stripped  and  went 
into  a  mill-pond  to  bathe ;  as  none  of  us  could 
swim,  we  were  wading  and  paddling  about  in  shoal 
water,  when  one  of  the  boys  about  eight  years  of 
age  stumbled  and  plunged  off  into  deep  water  and 
came  up  entirely  out  of  reach  of  any  assistance  we 
could  render  him,  at  which  our  united  force  was 
expended  in  a  cry  of  despair.  A  common  unedu- 
cated cur  dog,  which  had  followed  the  then 
drowning  boy  from  his  father's  house  and  taken 
up  his  watch  on  the  bank,  comprehended  the 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          187 

perilous  state  of  affairs  at  once  and  plunged  in, 
and  the  instant  his  little  master's  head  made 
its  second  appearance  at  the  surface  seized  him 
by  the  hair,  raised  him  up,  and  caught  a  firm 
hold  of  his  arm  near  the  shoulder,  thus  keeping 
his  head  above  water,  paddled  him  up  to  where 
we  could  reach  him,  and  bore  him  out  upon  the 
bank,  and  by  thorough  rubbing  and  rolling  and 
the  fond  caresses  of  the  dog  we  soon  restored 
him  to  consciousness.  That  dog  was  four  years 
younger  than  his  master,  yet  he  saved  his  life  by 
his  own  knowledge,  sagacity,  will,  and  intuitive 
force  of  character,  without  any  dictation  from  us 
boys  ;  for  the  first  thought  we  had  of  him  was  his 
plunge  into  the  deep  water  to  the  rescue  of  his 
master,  four  years  older  and  larger  of  stature  than 
himself,  and  was  as  happy  at  seeing  him  restored 
to  consciousness  as  his  master  could  have  been  at 
the  rescue  of  his  brother's  life,  while  he  would 
incessantly  fondle  him  with  his  sensitive  nose  and 
lick  the  damp  of  death  from,  his  hands,  face,  eyes, 
mouth,  and  nostrils,  and  whine  with  the  most 
anxious  solicitude,  and  yelp  and  bark  and  even 
growl  to  rouse  him  from  the  stupor  into  which 
the  process  of  drowning  had  prostrated  him. 

One  shepherd  dog  is  worth  two  men  in  herding, 
guarding,  and  protecting  a  flock  of  sheep.  It  is 
wonderful  to  see  the  skill  with  which  they  will 
urge  forward  a  flock  of  sheep  over  pathless  plains, 
head  off  the  stragglers,  bring  them  back  into  the 


188  SCIENCE  OP  INTELLIGENCE. 

fold,  and  keep  the  entire  flock  on  a  given  course 
from  camp  to  camp. 

In  Australia  there  is  a  species  of  wolf  called 
dingoes,  a  sort  of  connecting  link  in  the  chain  of 
animal  life  between  the  wolf  and  the  dog,  that 
the  inhabitants  of  the  island  sometimes  call  wild 
dogs,  which  live  in  tribes,  and  have  their  hunting 
grounds  as  regularly  laid  off  as  the  wild  Indians 
of  America  had  when  the  continent  was  discov- 
ered by  man.  If  one  of  these  tribes  poaches  on  the 
hunting  grounds  of  another  it  is  sure  to  be  chas- 
tised, and  some  heavy  battles  are  fought  in  de- 
fence of  the  old  landmarks ;  and  when  a  herdsman 
ventured  into  the  district  of  one  of  those  tribes, 
with  his  flocks  of  fat  mutton,  the  raids  of  the  tribe 
of  dingoes,  on  whose  grounds  he  was  feeding,  were 
so  systematically  made,  that  in  spite  of  all  the 
shepherds  could  do,  their  losses  amounted  to  hun- 
dreds of  head  per  year,  and  in  some  neighbor- 
hoods numbered  thousands.  Under  this  high 
feeding  the  dingoes  increased  so  rapidly,  and  the 
shepherds'  losses  in  equal  ratio,  that  the  herds- 
men were  compelled  to  organize  a  standing  army 
in  defence  of  their  flocks,  and  wage  a  war  of  ex- 
termination against  the  dingoes,  which  has  been 
going  on  for  a  long  time  with  varied  success — 
the  dingoes  having  destroyed  about  twenty  sheep 
for  each  dingo  captured  by  their  enemies.  Their 
tenacity  of  life  is  very  great,  and  it  is  said  that 
when  captured  they  will  feign  death,  and  one  is 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          189 

said  to  have  maintained  his  feint  till  he  was  par- 
tially skinned,  before  showing  any  signs  of  life, 
when  all  at  once  he  bounded  off  with  a  speed  that 
gave  the  dogs  a  lively  chase  to  recapture  him. 

Behold  the  lion,  when  he  comes  forth  from  his 
den  to  seize  the  prey  which  his  own  wants  and 
those  of  his  whelps  demand,  with  flowing  mane, 
steadfast  purpose,  and  paralyzing  gleam  of  eye. 
When  the  thunder  of  his  war-cry  peals  over  the 
plains,  why  does  even  the  royal  tiger  crouch, 
trembling  in  his  lair,  till  the  actual  locality  of  his 
terrible  rival  is  known,  and  then  flee  in  the  oppo- 
site direction  with  all  the  power  that  is  in  him,  to 
avoid  an  encounter  with  so  terrible  a  foe? 

If  the  voice  of  lightning  is  fuller  in  its  vol- 
ume as  it  peals  over  the  plains,  the  vibrating 
death-knell  of  the  lion  is  more  appalling  to  both 
man  and  beast.  If  the  burning  ball  of  electricity 
is  irresistible,  the  fatal  grasp  of  the  lion  is  no  less 
fatal  to  animals ;  if  its  flash  is  more  vivid,  the 
angry  glare  of  his  eye  is  more  terrible  to  encoun- 
ter. The  terror  of  all  beasts,  and  undisputed 
monarch  of  the  forest,  he  roams  from  jungle  to 
jungle,  and  knows  no  fear. 

But  the  skill  of  the  hunter  sends  a  bullet 
through  the  organs  of  thought,  judgment,  and  will 
in  that  self-reliant  head.  One  terrific  bound — 
one  desperate  sweep  of  those  huge  paws  in  a  vain 
effort  to  tear  the  very  earth  from  its  center,  and 
down  goes  the  carcass  of  that  fearful  monarch  of 


190  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

the  forest,  stark,  by  the  huge  rock  on  which  he 
has  so  often  gamboled.  A  few  spasmodic  surges, 
convulsive  tremors,  and  he  stretches  himself  on 
the  ground  an  immovable  mass  of  terrestrial  mat- 
ter! Those  gleaming  orbs  are  glazed  and  sight- 
less ;  those  terrible  limbs  are  stiffened  with  the 
chill  of  death:  still,  even  that  lifeless  frame  is  an 
admirable  statue  of  animal  force  and  unquestioned 
courage,  and  his  slayer  approaches  even  his  life- 
less corpse  with  fear,  and  springs  back  at  the 
slightest  tremor  of  his  departing  life. 

What  made  his  voice  more  terrible  than  thun- 
der— his  spring  more  fatal  than  its  bolt?  and 
where  has  it  gone?  Let  him  who  answers,  "In- 
stinct," bear  in  mind  that  he  came  upon  the  stage 
of  active  life  through  the  same  door  of  copulation 
that  his  wily  conqueror  did,  worked  at  his  own 
destiny  with  equal  persistance,  less  fear,  and  made 
his  exit  through  the  same  dark  curtain  which 
shuts  the  departed  soul  of  man  out  from  the  view 
of  terrestrial  eyes: — in  mein  more  majestic,  anger 
more  terrible,  and  in  warfare  more  chivalrous 
than  the  man  who  slew  him,  and  was  only  slain 
by  the  superior  strategy  of  his  wily  foe. 

Since  the  departure  of  the  soul  the  intelligent 
motive-power  which  was  driven  out  of  that  mus- 
cular structure  of  its  own  construction  by  the  de- 
rangement of  the  machinery  of  the  mind  on  which 
it  operated  and  performed  those  appalling  tenor 
strains  in  the  great  drama  of  life,  that  terrible 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          191 

structure  of  animal  matter  is  as  harmless  as  a 
marble  statue,  and  is  soon  decomposed  by  the 
chemical  elements  which  surround  it. 

For  an  hour  after  its  departure  the  carcass  re- 
mains warm  and  pliable:  every  limb  is  perfect; 
not  a  muscle  of  the  body  is  injured ;  only  the  organ 
of  will  is  unstrung  and  the  spiritual  operator  de- 
parted. Such  an  operator!  Is  his  knowledge 
obliterated?  Has  a  leaden  missile  annihilated  a 
sensible  creature  of  Jehovah's  composing,  annulled 
a  decree  of  the  Almighty,  and  decomposed  a  celes- 
tial volition?  Or  has  it  only  released  an  immortal 
soul  from  the  prison-house  of  a  terrestrial  body,  and 
given  it  a  passport  to  the  sublime  joy  of  its  eternal 
existence? 

If  a  lion  has  no  soul,  what  is  it  that  looks  out 
through  those  gleaming  eyes  and  appalls  every 
beholder?  What  force  wields  those  terrible  paws 
and  sounds  the  thunder  of  his  war-cry?  Why  do 
kings  engrave  him  upon  their  banners  of  war  as  a 
badge  of  unconquerable  majesty  ?  If  the  eagle  has 
no  spiritual  ambition,  why  do  republics  bear  him 
upon  their  ensigns  as  a  badge  of  soaring  liberty, 
an  emblem  of  liberty  to  the  people? 

Volition  is  as  much  the  property  of  soul  as  color 
is  of  light.  Consequently  a  design  could  no  more 
be  conceived  and  executed  without  a  soul  composed 
of  a  celestial  body  and  spiritual  operator,  harmo- 
niously working  to  one  purpose,  than  a  ray  of 
li^ht  could  be  sent  forth  from  the  sun  without  a 


192  SCIENCE  OP  INTELLIGENCE. 

harmonious  blending  of  equivalent  parts  from  all 
the  simple  colors. 

The  voluntary  movement  of  the  body  of  an  ani- 
mal is  as  much  the  effect  of  a  spiritual  operator  on 
the  brain  of  the  structure  which  was  composed  of 
celestial  substances  by  an  immutable  law  as  vocal 
language  is  a  harmonious  combination  of  sounds 
uttered  by  the  organs  of  speech. 

Without  a  celestial  machinery  of  the  mind,  and 
a  spiritual  operator,  by  which  a  will  could  be 
formed,  no  voluntary  movement  could  be  made, 
even  by  a  monad,  much  less  the  terrific  bound  of 
a  lion  or  soaring  flight  of  an  eagle,  any  more  than 
a  syllable  could  be  pronounced,  word  uttered,  or 
sentence  addressed  to  the  ear  without  the  organs 
of  speech,  or  instrumental  music  performed  with- 
out an  instrument. 

Verily  those  elements  of  celestial  substance  and 
spiritual  action  out  of  which  the  soul  is  composed 
are  all  immortal,  and  being  combined  by  an  im- 
mutable law  of  affinity,  fixed  by  an  irrevocable 
decree  of  an  Infinite  Creator,  in  just  that  equiva- 
lent proportion  which  constitutes  the  specific  struc- 
ture of  a  lion,  determines  his  power  of  action  and 
mood  of  enjoyment.  Therefore  the  patriarchal 
pair  of  lions  so  formed,  together  with  each  succeed- 
ing specimen  propagated  by  them  or  their  suc- 
cessors, commence  an  eternal  round  of  lion-like 
volition  at  the  moment  of  their  conception,  and 
from  the  day  of  their  birth  continue  one  eternal 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          193 

round  of  actions  which  fill  the  specific  measure  of 
their  everlasting  enjoyment;  and  as  their  species 
increase  by  copulation,  and  disappear  'from  the 
earth  by  the  dissolution  of  their  terrestrial  bodies, 
their  souls  join  their  predecessors  in  their  celestial 
sphere,  and  form  a  social  community  whose  fra- 
ternal sympathies  harmonize  in  an  immense  group 
of  social  enjoyment,  for  the  use  and  occupation  of 
which  God  hath  prepared  them  a  habitation  in  the 
starry  heavens,  where  there  is  plenty  of  room  for 
all  the  increase  of  each  pair  of  souls  which  he  made 
in  the  beginning. 

The  structure  of  the  lion,  whether  represented 
in  statue  by  the  sculptor  in  marble  or  bronze,  en- 
graved by  the  artist,  his  own  carcass  stiffened  in 
death,  restless  movements  in  a  cage,  or  seen  in  all 
the  majesty  of  his  movements  on  his  native  plains, 
is  a  pleasant  study:  one  of  nature's  volumes,  which 
strikes  the  senses  so  favorably  that  we  love  to  read 
it.  Such  unwavering  self-reliance  in  every  feature ; 
such  a  perfect  model  of  strength,  symmetry  of  form, 
and  agility  of  movement;  irresistible  in  will;  and 
when  we  hear  the  appalling  thunder  of  his  voice, 
and  see  the  terrific  bound  with  which  he  secures 
his  prey,  we  wonderingly  exclaim,  if  thou  hast  no 
soul,  whence  come  thy  power  and  knowledge?  If 
there  is  no  spirit  in  animals,  what  is  thy  motive- 
power?  What  force  directs  the  majesty  of  thy 
movements? 

When  God  determined  to  make  the  king  of 
13 


194  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

beasts — one  whom  all  should  stand  in  awe  of,  and 
none  should  willingly  join  in  battle  with,  who 
should  by  unanimous  consent  wear  the  belt  of  su- 
periority in  animal  strength,  from  whom  even  the 
royal  tiger  and  elephant  should  flee  in  terror — he 
first  conceived  in  his  own  mind  the  exact  form  of 
the  head,  size  of  brain,  proportion  of  neck,  shoul- 
ders, body,  and  limbs,  length  of  mane,  color  of  hair, 
size  and  color  of  eyes,  structure  of  bones,  twist  of 
muscle,  tension  of  nerves,  exact  proportion  of  every 
vein  and  artery,  size  of  heart,  liver,  and  lungs, 
shape  and  coil  of  intestines.  Also  the  exact  pro- 
portion of  the  simple  elements  of  spirit,  and  equiv- 
alent arrangement  and  combination  thereof,  to 
compose  the  spiritual  pattern  of  that  majestic  de- 
sign, with  a  capacity  to  produce  a  routine  of  ideas 
and  majestic  movements  concurrent  with  the  ma- 
jesty of  the  structure.  Also  the  specific  arrange- 
ment of  such  proportionate  parts  of  the  seven 
simple  elements  of  the  forces  of  growth  as  were 
equivalent  to  the  production  of  the  body  in  accord- 
ance with  the  design  of  the  spiritual  pattern  which 
the  Holy  Spirit  collected  from  the  elements  of 
nature,  through  the  system  of  nervation,  and  com- 
bined into  a  concurrent  mental  operator  and  self- 
composer  of  its  own  substantial  structure.  Thus 
harmoniously  corporated,  they  were  infused  into 
two  ovoids,  which  had  been  maturely  prepared  in 
the  composing  womb,  filled  with  the  concurrent 
elements  of  celestial  substance  and  terrestrial  mat- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  195 

ter,  to  constitute  the  substantial  form  of  its  corpo- 
real person  in  perfect  concord  with  the  spiritual 
pattern,  where  it  commenced  the  work  of  life  first 
by  composing  its  own  body,  which  was  performed 
by  the  force  of  growth,  operating  from  the  heart, 
until  it  was  worked  up  to  a  sufficient  state  of  com- 
pletion to  admit  of  the  operation  of  the  spirit  of 
intelligence  upon  the  brain,  whereby  the  nervous 
system  could  be  tuned,  a  sensation  produced,  the 
muscles  expanded  and  contracted,  movement  of 
those  wonderfully-made  limbs  produced,  and  the 
body  directed  into  the  proper  mood  and  intellec- 
tual sphere  of  a  lion's  enjoyment,  at  which  time 
they  were  brought  forth  from  the  creative  womb, 
male  and  female,  and  dropped  in  a  jungle  of  the 
wilderness,  in  a  climate  suited  to  their  nature,  in 
a  rock-bound  cavern  by  the  side  of  a  spring  of  clear 
sparkling  water,  and  plenty  of  rabbits  and  other 
small  game  in  the  vicinity  to  sustain  them  till 
they  were  sufficiently  grown  to  go  forth  and  fight 
the  battle  of  life  and  fill  even  the  tiger  with  fear. 
That  first  pair  of  the  family  of  lions,  that  pro- 
totype of  the  species,  was  just  as  perfect  a  model 
of  the  majestic  structure  of  a  lion  as  ever  has  been 
or  ever  will  be  produced  by  propagation  among 
the  family  of  lions.  The  spiritual  pattern  of  that 
pair  of  lions,  as  drawn,  modeled,  and  composed 
by  an  omniscient  God,  and  combined  into  a  living 
soul  by  the  immutable  force  of  the  Holy  Spirit 
to  be  the  monarch  of  the  forest  and  master  of  the 


196  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

quadruped  group  of  the  animal  kingdom,  was  the 
perfect  model  of  its  type,  the  omniscient  idea  in 
its  greatest  perfection ;  and  can  never  be  improved 
upon  or  changed  in  a  specific  feature  of  its  struc- 
ture. A  specimen  may  be  dwarfed  or  even  crip- 
pled into  deformity  by  the  disease  of  its  mother 
in  embryo,  starvation  in  infancy,  or  casual  injury: 
still  every  beholder  knows  it  to  be  a  dwarfed  or 
deformed  lion.  It  cannot  assume  the  form  of  a 
tiger,  wolf,  or  any  other  animal ;  and  if  its  mother 
is  in  good  health,  and  surroundings  favorable,  it 
will  grow  up  to  be  a  majestic  type  of  the  spiritual 
pattern.  Thus  we  see  a  brief  sketch  of  the  mode 
of  composing  the  spiritual  pattern  and  living  ac- 
tive souls  of  the  first  pair  of  each  species  in  the 
animal  kingdom,  from  the  species  of  lions  to  mice, 
from  man  to  a  monad ;  and  he  who  vainly  imag- 
ines that  he  can  make  any  improvement  on  the 
typical  pair  of  any  species  of  animal,  in  structural 
appearance,  mental  capacity,  or  mode  of  enjoy- 
ment, by  any  manner  of  treatment,  or  that  he  can 
compose  a  new  species  by  amalgamation,  will  find 
all  the  labor  bestowed  to  either  of  those  ends  as 
illy  requited  as  the  efforts  of  those  alchemists  were 
who  vainly  strove  for  some  centuries  to  convert 
the  baser  metals  into  gold.  We  can  take  a  family 
of  any  species,  which  has  been  reduced  to  an  abor- 
tion of  the  vigorous  spiritual  pattern  of  its  proto- 
type by  abuse  and  starvation  in  an  uncongenial 
climate,  and,  by  humane  treatment  and  plenty 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          197 

of  proper  food,  work  it  up  to  the  standard  of  its 
prototype,  but  never  surpass  it.  Is  man  wiser 
than  God,  that  he  should  improve  on  his  spiritual 
designs,  add  to  the  perfections  of  the  drawing  of 
his  patterns,  or  change  the  specific  structure  of  the 
souls  which  he  has  composed?  Nay,  verily,  the 
work  of  man  is  to  replenish,  to  care  for  all,  bring 
all,  even  the  lion,  into  a  state  of  domestic  order, 
and  supply  every  species  with  its  own  specific  food 
in  such  quantities  as  will  keep  them  up  to  the 
perfect  standard  of  the  prototype ;  and  the  man 
who  fails  in  this,  and  reduces  any  of  his  animals 
below  the  perfect  standard  of  its  prototype,  by 
oppression  of  any  kind,  should  be  promptly  pun- 
ished by  the  government:  starvation  for  starva- 
tion, exposure  for  exposure,  and  stripe  for  stripe. 
God  has  given  man  a  stewardship  over  them,  that 
both  might  be  benefited  thereby,  and  he  will  sure- 
ly call  every  man  to  an  account,  and  will  punish 
each  according  to  the  abuse  wherewith  he  hath 
oppressed  the  animals  over  which  he  hath  con- 
trol. 


198  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

SEVENTH   GRADE. 

FORCE  OF  GROWTH,  AS  ARRANGED  FOR  THE  PRODUCTION 
OF  BIPEDS. 

The  forces  of  animal  growth,  as  composed  by  an 
equivalent  arrangement  of  the  seven  simple  ele- 
ments for  the  propagation  of  this  seventh  group 
of  the  animal  kingdom,  do  not  vary  so  much  in  the 
size  of  their  specific  structures  as  they  do  in  the 
quadruped  group,  none  being  as  large  as  an  ele- 
phant, strong  as  a  lion,  or  small  as  a  mouse.  Still 
there  are  some  very  small  specimens  of  the  mon- 
key, not  nearly  so  large  as  a  gray  squirrel,  and 
ranging  from  that  species  up  to  man,  among  which 
have  been  found  very  large  specimens  of  giants, 
with  a  variety  of  intermediate  species,  differing 
greatly,  of  course,  in  natural  propensities  and 
personal  appearances.  Still  they  are  all  composed 
on  the  same  structural  idea  of  vertebrate  bipeds. 
All  of  this  group  have  but  two  feet,  elongated 
pedals  tipped  with  five  toes,  constructed  in  a  man- 
ner to  balance  and  support  the  body  in  an  upright 
position,  and  most  of  them  walk  altogether  upright, 
and  all  of  them  more  or  less  so.  They  are  also  sup- 
plied with  two  hands,  the  extreme  ends  of  which 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  199 

are  composed  of  four  fingers  and  a  thumb,  which 
are  useful  in  many  ways. 

This  group  includes  the  whole  biped  species, 
from  man  to  the  lowest  order  of  monkey,  and  is 
naturally  divided  into  two  grades,  one  of  which 
embraces  all  the  species  of  bipeds  that  feed  at  the 
table  of  nature,  without  replenishing  or  tillage, 
and  live  in  a  wild  uncivilized  condition;  the 
other,  only  the  family  of  man,  whose  intuitive 
propensities  are  to  replenish,  till,  sow,  reap,  and 
gather  into  barns,  build  cities,  carry  on  commerce, 
and  enjoy  life  only  in  a  mood  of  civilization. 

This  chapter  will  be  devoted  to  the  considera- 
tion of  the  former,  and  will  complete  the  first 
volume  of  this  work;  and  the  second  will  be  de- 
voted entirely  to  the  formation  and  structure  of 
the  soul  of  man,  and  his  intuitive  acts  and  pro- 
pensities. 

This  first  group  includes  every  species  of  biped, 
from  the  wild  Indian  tribes  to  the  lowest  grade 
of  monkey,  all  of  which  come  under  the  cognomen 
of  animals  ferce  natures.  There  is  not  one  species 
in  the  group  that  will  do  a  hand's  turn  in  the 
way  of  tilling  the  earth,  or  use  any  effort  in  the 
way  of  replenishing,  of  their  own  free  will ;  and 
there  is  but  one  species  of  the  group  that  man  has 
ever  been  able  to  domesticate  or  force  within  the 
pale  of  civilization  that  has  ever  been  of  sufficient 
utility  to  pay  the  expense  of  taming  and  educating, 
and  that  has  brought  with  it  and  spread  through 


200  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

the  community  a  debauchment  of  morals  and  kin- 
dled a  flame  of  social  evil  which  in  a  few  centuries 
has  destroyed  the  nationality  of  the  people  who 
subjected  them  to  servitude:  so  that  up  to  this 
time  this  group  of  bipeds  has  been  of  far  less  utility 
in  the  great  work  of  civilization  than  quadrupeds. 

Their  whole  intuitive  propensities  run  to  fun, 
frolic,  grimace,  and  trickery,  and  the  whole  group, 
as  far  as  the  work  of  civilization  is  concerned,  are 
a  useless  set  of  vagabonds.  Their  entire  mode  of 
enjoyment  lies  in  idle  pleasure-seeking.  They 
frolic  and  amuse  themselves  with  monkey  tricks 
and  pastime  enjoyments  till  hunger  reminds ,them 
that  they  require  food,  when  they  go  out  and  feed 
at  the  table  of  nature,  if  there  is  anything  on  it; 
if  not,  they  die  of  starvation,  and  join  their  an- 
cestors in  their  everlasting  homes  in  the  starry 
heavens. 

Their  sole  object  in  life  is  to  eat,  amuse  them- 
selves, and  increase  the  number  of  their  species  by 
propagation.  Still  they  have  no  lust  for  copula- 
tion, except  at  that  particular  period  in  the  course 
of  nature  when  the  female  is  in  a  condition  to 
become  pregnant  and  produce  an  increase  in  the 
family.  No  venereal  diseases,  brought  on  by  hurt- 
ful indulgences  contrary  to  nature,  were  ever  bred 
among  them.  Their  cup  of  enjoyment  is  caused 
to  overflow  by  copulating  at  the  proper  period  for 
propagation,  and  living  in  a  simple  come  day  go 
day  God  send  plenty  condition  of  generous  plenty 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  201 

at  some  seasons  of  the  year,  and  starvation  at 
others,  without  ever  dreaming  that  they  could  pro- 
vide a  regular  supply  by  tillage  and  storing  for 
the  winter  season:  yet  they  are  more  honest  in 
their  dealings  with  each  other  and  have  less  war- 
fare between  their  tribes  than  men  have  hitherto 
had. 

This  group,  like  the  quadrupeds,  has  no  intui- 
tive idea  of  a  written  language:  still  each  species 
has  a  few  words  and  many  gestures,  with  which 
they  communicate  with  each  other ;  but  their  prin- 
cipal mode  of  exchanging  ideas  is  by  a  spiritual 
reading  of  each  other's  thoughts,  a  specific  com- 
munion of  soul  with  soul,  an  affinity  of  mind  with 
mind. 

The  individual  members  of  each  species  live  in 
much  more  intimate  spiritual  communion  with 
each  other  than  men  do ;  they  are  almost  free  from 
that  barrier  of  self-interest  which  severs  the  fami- 
lies of  men  from  each  other,  and  instigates  all 
manner  of  deception  and  fraudulent  tricks  in  their 
dealings  between  individuals. 

The  members  of  each  tribe  have  no  individual 
landmarks  to  create  disturbance  between  neigh- 
bors ;  there  are  no  line  fences  to  be  broken  down, 
cultivated  fields  to  be  trespassed  on,  nor  crops  to 
be  destroyed  by  their  neighbors'  animals;  there 
is  no  aristocracy  of  pedigree  or  wealth,  costly 
dwellings,  or  gorgeous  dresses  of  new  and  rich 
patterns,  to  create  envy,  heart-burnings,  and  strife 


202  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

among  them.  They  live  harmoniously  together, 
in  strict  subordination  to  the  captain  or  chiefs  of 
their  trihes,  who  weigh  out  justice  by  the  rule  of 
equity,  without  fear,  favor,  or  reward.  They  feed 
together  on  a  common  equality  at  the  table  of  na- 
ture, and  what  is  found  thereon  is  divided  equally 
among  them,  each  taking  for  himself  the  required 
meal  and  no  more. 

The  nesting  places,  bush  tenements,  mud  huts, 
snow  iglooks,  or  wigwams  of  each  species  are  built 
precisely  alike,  and  are  of  the  precise  pattern  of 
the  first  habitation  constructed  by  the  prototype 
of  the  species ;  and  all  matrimonial  alliances  are 
sacredly  respected  among  them,  and  the  choosing 
of  mates  is  the  only  source  of  individual  contest. 
But  when  the  marriage  is  consummated,  it  is  sa- 
credly respected  by  all  parties. 

The  key-note  of  the  intellectual  harmony  of  this 
group  in  the  tune  of  animal  life  is  on  B  of  the 
natural  scale,  appropriated  to  the  soprano,  and  is 
flatted  from  the  Indian  tribes  to  the  lowest  grade 
of  monkeys ;  and  their  part  in  the  universal  con- 
cert of  the  animal  kingdom  is  principally  per- 
formed by  acting:  there  are  very  few  musicians  in 
it.  Indeed,  there  is  but  one  species  of  the  group 
which  has  any  talent  for  singing  or  whistling  or 
instrumental  music.  With  this  exception,  the 
whole  group  act  their  part  in  the  great  drama 
of  life  in  the  natural  mood  prescribed  by  the  spir- 
itual pattern  which  the  design  of  the  Almighty 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          203 

drew  and  fixed  in  composing  the  soul  of  the  first 
pair  of  the  species  by  the  specific  arrangement  of 
the  simple  elements  of  finite  spirit  of  intelligence 
and  force  of  animal  growth  whereby  they  were 
produced  and  constituted  living  souls,  in  a  simi- 
lar manner  to  that  by  which  the  souls  of  the  first 
pair  of  lions  were  produced. 

This  group  naturally  divides  itself  into  the  fol- 
lowing grades:  1,  baboons;  2,  apes;  3,  gorillas; 
4,  orang  outang;  5,  chimpanzees;  6_,  negroes;  7, 
Indians;  in  each  of  which  is  several  different 
species,  which  never  amalgamate,  each  increasing 
its  own  species  in  the  spiritual  pattern  of  their 
prototype,  as  constant  as  a  tree  bears  seed  after  its 
kind  that  reproduces  its  specific  pattern. 

1.  The  baboon  group  consists  of  several  varie- 
ties, all  of  which  have  long  tails,  which  they  use 
as  a  sort  of  grappling-anchor  in  their  aerial  flights 
from  tree  to  tree ;  and  it  is  said  that  one  small- 
bodied  species  of  them,  which  is  pretty  much  all 
arms,  legs,  and  tail,  do  their  sleeping  with  their 
tails  coiled  around  a  limb  of  a  tree  and  their  bodies 
suspended  beneath  it,  somewhat  as  fowls  sleep  on 
top  of  a  limb  with  their  toes  clasped  around  it. 
One  species  of  baboon  are  heavy-made  and  some- 
what resemble  a  dog,  and  appear  to  be  a  sort  of 
connecting  link  between  the  group  of  quadrupeds 
and  bipeds.  Although  they  are  provided  with  'a 
very  respectable  pair  of  hands,  still  they  do  most 
of  their  walking  on  all-fours,  but  sit  upright  and 


204  SCIENCE  or  INTELLIGENCE. 

use  their  hands  very  handily  in  feeding  and  do- 
ing many  sharp  little  tricks. 

It  is  said  that  the  light-bodied  long-tailed  spe- 
cies of  the  baboon,  or,  as  they  are  commonly 
termed,  long-tailed  monkeys,  often  migrate  from 
one  portion  of  their  domain  to  another  in  tribes, 
and  when  they  have  a  stream  to  cross  construct  a 
chain  bridge,  each  link  of  which  is  composed  of  a 
•baboon ;  in  the  construction  of  which  they  find 
two  trees  on  opposite  sides  of  the  stream  as  near 
together  as  possible,  and  they  go  into  the  top  of 
the  one  on  their  side  so  high,  calculating  the 
distance  across,  that  a  chain  reaching  to  the 
ground  will  extend  to  a  limb  of  the  tree  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  creek,  when  one  baboon  coils 
his  tail  around  a  limb,  another  takes  a  hitch 
around  his  body  back  of  the  arms,  and  another 
around  him,  and  so  on  till  they  reach  the  ground, 
when  the  baboon  at  the  bottom  commences  to 
swing  the  chain  by  striking  his  hands  against  the 
ground,  giving  an  increased  impetus  to  the  lower 
end  of  the  chain  every  time  he  comes  into  a  posi- 
tion to  do  it,  till  he  is  able  to  grasp  a  limb  of  the 
tree  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  stream  at  the 
same  height  of  the  other  end  of  the  chain,  when 
the  rest  of  the  tribe,  old  and  young,  cross  over 
on  the  chain  bridge  thus  formed  by  the  strongest 
of  the  tribe.  As  soon  the  last  one  is  over,  the 
hind  baboon  lets  go  his  hold,  and  the  chain  swings 
across  and  uncoils  from  the  bottom,  and  so  the 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          205 

crossing  of  the  stream  is  accomplished  dry-shod. 
They  are  as  afraid  of  water  as  a  hen,  and  never 
venture  to  swim  a  stream,  nor  even  to  bathe  or 
wasli  themselves.  When  infested  with  parasites, 
in  place  of  washing  to  get  rid  of  them,  they  hunt 
them  very  dexteriously  with  their  slender  fingers, 
and  eat  them,  to  get  even  for  the  bites  they  have 
suffered  by  them. 

2.  The  most  observable  difference  between  the 
second  grade,  called  apes,  and  the  first  grade, 
called  baboons,  is,  they  have  no  tails  ;  and  in  their 
somersaults  and  leaps  from  limb  to  limb  and  tree 
to  tree,  they  have  to  depend  entirely  on  the  hold 
they  can  catch  and  maintain  with  their  hands  and 
feet.  Like  the  baboons,  they  live  in  the  tops  of 
trees  and  sleep  among  the  branches.  They  suckle 
their  young  at  the  breast,  and  tend  them  with 
great  care,  tossing,  handling,  and  caressing  them 
in  a  manner  wonderfully  human.  Their  most 
prominent  trait  of  character  is  a  propensity  to 
imitate  whatever  they  see  done.  Thus  we  are 
told  that  a  traveler  in  the  country  inhabited  by 
them,  sitting  under  a  tree  and  observing  their 
movements,  finally  laid  down  and  fell  asleep. 
On  awaking,  he  found  that  his  hat  had  been 
appropriated  by  one  of  the  apes,  who  had  perched 
himself  in  the  top  of  a  very  high  tree,  with  the 
hat  covering  his  hairy  head.  After  waiting  for 
some  time,  in  hopes  that  he  would  tire  of  it  and 
throw  it  down,  to  no  purpose,  he  finally  fixed  up 


206  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

his  handkerchief  in  the  form  of  a  hat,  walked 
about  till  he  attracted  the  ape'-s  attention,  and 
then  took  off  his  resemblance  of  a  hat,  gave  it  a 
flourish,  and  threw  it  down,  at  which  the  ape 
performed  the  same  trick,  and  he  recovered  his 
hat. 

Their  propensities  all  run  to  merry-making  and 
mischief,  so  that  no  person  has  ever  been  able  to 
educate  them  to  any  useful  purpose  that  would 
pay  the  expense  of  their  keeping,  which  is  per- 
haps to  some  extent  owing  to  a  lack  of  patience, 
tact,  and  perseverance  in  the  process  of  education. 
We  have  no  doubt  some  expert  animal  teacher 
will  some  time  educate  a  class  of  them  to  perform 
some  useful  service,  and  raising  the  young  under 
the  same  discipline  will  eventually  submit  to  do- 
mestic order,  and  use  their  extraordinary  skill, 
strength,  and  imitative  genius  in  a  manner  that 
will  save  them  from  annihilation  when  the  in- 
crease of  population  has  brought  the  earth  under 
a  state  of  close  cultivation. 

3.  The  third  grade  of  intelligence  in  this  group, 
called  gorillas,  are  the  largest  and  most  ferocious 
of  these  seven  grades  of  bipeds.  They  are  pugna- 
cious of  temper,  and  are  of  about  equal  strength 
with  a  bear,  which  they  somewhat  resemble  when 
a  bear  rises  on  its.  hind  legs ;  still  they  are  de- 
cidedly biped,  have  a  very  respectable  pair  of 
hands,  and  walk  upright.  On  account  of  their 
ferocity,  both  hunters  and  travelers  avoid  them ; 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          207 

consequently  there  is  very  little  known  of  their 
moods  of  enjoyment  or  capacity  for  being  taught 
to  pursue  any  useful  lahor.  It  may  yet  be  discov- 
ered that  they  are  well  qualified  to  render  some 
useful  service  in  tilling  the  earth  under  the  kind 
direction  of  man,  that  will  pay  well  for  their  own 
living  even  after  the  earth  is  all  brought  under  a 
state  of  cultivation.  As  the  country  in  which 
this  lower  grade  of  bipeds  lives  is  uninhabited  by 
man,  and  the  only  knowledge  we  have  of  their 
intuitive  moods  of  enjoyment  and  intellectual  pro- 
pensities has  been  acquired  through  the  represent- 
ations of  hunters,  whose  study  is  to  destroy  the 
ignorant  defenceless  animals,  and  not  to  make  their 
acquaintance  on  terms  of  amity  or  study  their  natu- 
ral propensities  in  their  best  moods,  our  knowl- 
edge of  them  has  been  so  limited,  that  it  was  for 
a  long  time  supposed  that  the  gorilla  was  an 
adult  chimpanzee ;  but  zoologists  now  agree  that 
they  are  a  different  species,  and  have  assigned  to 
each  a  specific  name. 

4.  The  next  grade  is  the  orang  outang.  They 
are  said  to  build  their  habitations  in  the  tops  of 
trees  by  weaving  the  branches  together.  They 
are  neither  so  large  nor  ferocious  as  the  gorilla, 
and  are  somewhat  better  understood ;  but  as  they 
have  been  chased,  hunted  down,  and  killed  by 
hunters,,  till  they  have  been  educated  to  look  upon 
man  as  their  natural  enemy,  they  are  always  in 
an  angry  or  frightened  condition  whenever  they 


208  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

meet,  and  when  captured  and  taken  out  of  their 
native  country,  far  away  from  kith  and  kin,  partly 
through  bad  treatment,  and  partly  througli  home 
sickness,  and  a  longing  desire  for  their  own  genial 
climate,  liberty,  and  kindred  associations,  they 
become  moody,  sickly,  and  are  short  lived,  so  that 
we  have  really  no  correct  idea  of  their  intuitive 
propensities  and  home  moods  of  enjoyments,  do- 
mestic pastimes,  mode  of  rearing  the  young,  or 
providing  for  their  family. 

5.  The  chimpanzee:  Concerning  this  grade  of 
the  group  of  bipeds,  we  will  give  an  extract  from 
the  Natural  History  of  the  Ilev.  J.  G.  Wood,  (vol. 
I,  p.  20:) 

"Closely  connected  with  the  gorilla  is  the 
large  black  ape,  which  is  now  well  known  by  the 
name  of  chimpanzee. 

"This  creature  is  found  in  the  same  portion  of 
Western  Africa  as  the  gorilla,  being  very  com- 
mon near  the  Gaboon :  it  ranges  over  a  consider- 
able space  of  country,  inhabiting  a  belt  of  land 
some  ten  or  more  degrees  north  and  south  of  the 
torrid  zone.  For  some  little  time  it  was  supposed 
that  the  gorilla  was  an  adult  chimpanzee,  but 
zoologists  now  agree  in  separating  it  from  that 
animal,  and  giving  it  a  specific  name  of  its  own. 
The  title  negro  or  black  sufficiently  indicates  the 
color.  *  *  * 

"In  its  native  country  the  chimpanzee  lives  in 
a  partially  social  state,  and  at  night  the  united 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          209 

cries  of  the  community  fill  the  air.  If  we  may 
credit  the  reports  of  the  natives  of  Western  Africa, 
the  chimpanzees  weave  huts  for  themselves,  and 
take  up  their  residence  in  these  dwellings.  Now, 
it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  orang  outang, 
which  comes  next  in  our  list,  can  rapidly  form 
a  kind  of  platform  of  interwoven  branches,  and 
so  it  is  not  beyond  the  bounds  of  credulity  that 
the  chirspanzee  may  perform  a  work  of  simi- 
lar character,  only  the  chief  difference  between 
the  customs  of  the  two  animals  seems  to  be,  that 
the  one  lives  upon  the  structure  or  roof,  if  it  may 
so  be  called,  and  the  other  beneath  it.  Some 
travelers  say,  that  although  the  huts  are  actually 
inhabited,  yet  that  only  the  females  and  young 
are  allowed  to  take  possession  of  their  interior, 
and  that  the  male  takes  up  his  position  on  the 
roof.  *  *  * 

"  It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  the  chimpanzees 
are  groundlings,  and  are  not  accustomed  to  habit- 
ual residence  among  the  branches  of  the  trees. 
Although  these  apes  do  not  avail  themselves  of 
the  protection  which  would  be  afforded  by  a  loftier 
habitation,  yet  they  are  individually  so  strong  and 
collectively  so  formidable,  that  they  dwell  in  se- 
curity, unharmed  even  by  the  lion,  leopard,  or 
other  members  of  the  cat  tribe,  which  are  so 
dreaded  by  the  monkey  tribes  generally.  Even 
the  elephant  yields  to  these  active  and  ferocious 
animals,  and  leaves  them  undisturbed. 
14 


SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

"Yet  a  chimpanzee  would  not  dare  to  meet  a 
panther  in  single  combat,  and  depend  for  safety 
upon  the  assistance  that  would  be  afforded  by  its 
companions.  This  was  shown  by  a  curious  and 
rather  absurd  incident  on  board  a  ship,  where  a 
young  and  docile  chimpanzee  suddenly  came  in 
sight  of  a  caged  panther  which  had  taken  passage 
in  the  same  vessel. 

"The  unexpected  sight  of  the  panther  entirely 
overcame  his  fears,  and  with  a  fearful  yell  lie 
dashed  along  the  deck,  knocking  over  sundry  of 
the  crew  in  his  passage.  He  then  darted  into  the 
folds  of  a  sail  which  was  lying  on  deck,  covered 
himself  up  with  the  sail  cloth,  and  was  in  such  an 
agony  of  terror  that  he  could  not  be  induced  to 
come  out  of  his  retreat  for  a  long  time. 

"His  fright  was  not  groundless,  for  the  panther 
was  as  much  excited  as  the  ape,  only  with  eager 
desire,  and  not  with  fear.  It  paced  its  cage  for 
hours  afterwards,  and  continued  to  watch,  much 
as  a  cat  may  be  seen  to  watch  the  crevice  through 
which  a  mouse  has  made  good  its  escape. 

"The  food  of  these  creatures  appears  to  be 
almost  entirely  of  a  vegetable  nature ;  and  they 
are  very  unprofitable  neighbors  to  any  one  who 
has  the  misfortune  to  raise  a  crop  of  rice  or  to 
plant  bananas,  plantains,  or  pawpaws  within  an 
easy  journey  of  a  chimpanzee  settlement. 

"Many  specimens  have  been  brought  to  Europe, 
and  some  to  England,  but  this  insular  climate 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          211 

seems  to  have  a  more  deleterious  effect  on  the  con- 
stitutions of  these  apes  than  any  of  the  other  quad- 
rumane.  In  this  country  our  most  insidious  and 
most  irresistihle  maladies  fasten  upon  the  apes 
with  relentless  hand.  The  lungs  of  these  crea- 
tures are  accustomed  to  the  hurning  sun,  which 
heats  and  rarefies  the  air  of  the  tropical  climates, 
and  they  are  peculiarly  sensitive  to  cold  and  damp. 
Few  members  of  this  family  live  to  any  length  of 
time  after  they  have  once  crossed  the  channel; 
for  after  a  while  they  are  seized  with  a  short 
hacking  cough,  the  sure  sign  that  consumption 
has  begun  that  work  which  it  is  certain  to  accom- 
plish. *  *  * 

"A  monkey,  when  afflicted  with  this  disease,  is 
truly  a  pitiable  sight.  The  poor  animal  sits  in 
such  a  woful  attitude,  coughing  at  intervals,  and 
putting  its  hands  to  its  sides,  terribly  human,  and 
looks  so  mournfully  and  reproachfully  out  of  its 
dark  brown  eyes,  just  as  if  it  were  rebuking  the 
spectator  for  his  part  in  bringing  it  from  its  native 
land,  where  it  was  happy  among  its  friends,  to 
die  a  solitary  death  of  cold  and  consumption  behind 
the  bars  of  its  prison. 

"In  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  in  Paris  there  was 
a  remarkably  fine  specimen  of  the  chimpanzee, 
black,  sleek,  and  glossy.  He  was  facile  princeps 
in  the  establishment,  and  none  dared  to  dispute 
his  authority.  He  was  active  enough,  and  dis- 
played very  great  strength  and  some  agility  as 


212  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

lie  swung  from  side  to  side  of  the  cage  by  means 
of  the  ropes  which  are  suspended,  but  he  preserved 
a  dignified  air,  as  became  the  sole  ruler. 

"There  was  a  kind  of  aristocratic  calmness  about 
the  animal,  and  he  would  at  inverals  scan  the  large 
assembly  that  generally  surrounded  the  monkey- 
house.  His  survey  completed,  he  would  eat  a  nut 
or  piece  o'f  biscuit,  and  leisurely  recommence  his 
gambols.  *  *  * 

"It  is  said  that  they  have  a  sufficient  amount 
of  knowledge  to  be  aware  that  the  strength  of  a 
man  lies  in  his  weapons,  and  not  in  his  muscles 
only ;  and  that  if  a  hunter  should  bring  on  himsolf 
the  vengeance  of  the  troop,  by  wounding  or  kill- 
ing one  of  their  number,  he  can  escape  certain 
death  by  flinging  down  his  gun.  The  enraged 
apes  gather  around  the  object  that  dealt  the  fatal 
stroke,  and  tear  it  to  pieces  with  every  mark  of 
fury.  While  they  are  occupied  with  wreaking 
their  vengeance  on  the  senseless  object,  the  owner 
of  the  fatal  weapon  escapes  unnoticed. 

"Though  the  language  of  apes  be  not  articu- 
late, according  to  our  ideas,  yet  in  their  wild  state 
the  chimpanzees  can  talk  well  enough  for  their 
own  purposes.  One  proof  of  this  is  the  acknowl- 
edged fact  that  they  can  confer  with  one  another 
sufficiently  to  act  in  unison  at  the  same  time  and 
place,  and  with  a  given  design. 

"Strong  and  daring  as  they  are,  they  do  not 
appear  to  seek  a  contest  with  human  beings,  but 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          213 

do  their  best  to  keep  quietly  out  of  the  way.  Like 
most  animals  that  herd  together,  even  in  limited 
numbers,  the  chimpanzees  have  ever  a  watchful 
sentinel  posted  on  the  lookout,  whose  duty  it  is  to 
guard  against  the  insidious  approach  of  foes,  and 
to  give  warning  if  he  sees,  hears,  or  smells  any- 
thing of  a  suspicious  character. 

"Should  the  sentinel  ape  perceive  a  sign  of  dan- 
ger he  sets  up  a  loud  cry,  which  has  been  likened 
to  the  anguished  scream  of  a  man  in  sore  distress. 
The  other  apes  know  well  enough  the  meaning  of 
that  cry,  and  signify  their  comprehension  by  an- 
swering cries.  If  the  danger  continues  to  threaten 
them,  the  ape  conversation  becomes  loud,  shrill, 
and  harsh,  and  the  air  is  filled  with  the  various 
notes  of  the  simian  language,  perfectly  understood 
by  themselves,  although  to  human  ears  it  consists 
of  nothing  but  discordant  sounds,  yells,  and 
barks." 

We  could  not  refrain  from  giving  the  above  e^- 
tract  from  that  natural  history ;  it  is  so  appropri- 
ate, and  sketches  so  graphically  some  of  the  moods 
and  intuitive  propensities  of  these  lower  grades 
of  bipeds.  What  this  entertaining  historian  says 
about  their  specific  language  and  understanding 
of  it  is  true  of  every  other  species  of  animal  living. 
As  they  differ  in  specific  appearance,  so  they  differ 
in  language,  tribal  organization,  intuitive  propen- 
sities, mood  of  enjoyment,  and  manner  of  working 
out  their  destiny  of  this  life,  for  the  reason  that 


214  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

there  is  a  corresponding  difference  in  the  specific 
arrangement  of  the  seven  simple  elements  offeree 
which  constructed  their  bodies,  and  necessarily  a 
corresponding  difference  in  the  arrangement  and 
combination  of  the  seven  simple  elements  of  finite 
spirit  in  composing  the  spiritual  pattern  of  the 
souls  of  the  first  pair  of  the  species,  "whereby  the 
whole  race  is  molded  and  quickened  into  a  specific 
family,  every  one  of  which  will,  from  the  day  of 
its  birth,  help  its  family  to  act  their  specific  part 
in  the  great  concert  of  universal  intelligence 
through  the  everlasting  rounds  of  eternity. 

Why  all  Christendom  should  have  consigned  the 
whole  animal  kingdom  below  the  grade  of  a  caudal 
negro  to  annihilation,  and  every  creature  above  it 
to  immortality,  passes  our  understanding.  Christ 
taught  no  such  doctrine,  and  Peter  testifies  that 
he  saw  a  certain  vessel,  as  it  were  a  great  sheet 
knit  at  the  four  corners,  let  down  from  an  opening 
in  heaven,  filled  with  the  souls  of  all  manner  of 
beasts.  Why  should  God  exert  his  omnipotent 
force  to  compose  the  spiritual  pattern  of  any  spe- 
cies of  animal  with  a  capacity  to  increase  the  num- 
ber of  its  family  by  propagation  to  an  indefinite 
number,  only  to  put  him  to  the  trouble  of  annihi- 
lating them  again  when  they  had  only  commenced 
acting  their  part  in  the  everlasting  drama  of  finite 
intelligence?  We  should  always  remember  that 
when  any  one  thing  which  God  has  composed 
ceases  to  exist  in  the  specific  form  he  gave  it,  that 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  215 

moment  his  creative  power  ceases  to  be  infinite, 
for  his  infinitude  can  only  be  sustained  by  the 
infinite  duration  and  immutable  structural  form 
and  specific  movement  and  action  of  his  works. 
And  we  should  not  forget  that  every  new  sensa- 
tion that  passes  through  the  nervous  system  of  any 
living  animal,  to  or  from  the  mind  of  which  it  is 
conscious,  is  a  new  note  sung  in  the  universal 
anthem  of  intellectual  praise  and  thanksgiving  to 
God  for  having  endowed  them  with  mobility,  and 
a  consciousness  of  its  own  feelings,  and  knowledge 
of  surrounding  objects.  However  inferior  any 
creature  may  look  to  us,  we  should  remember 
that  God  composed  the  spiritual  pattern  in  the 
soul  of  its  prototype  by  an  equivalent  arrange- 
ment of  simple  elements  from  the  same  depart- 
ment of  natural  element  from  which  the  soul  of 
our  prototype  was  composed ;  and  that  the  same 
kind  of  atoms  of  spirit,  mites  of  force,  and  mole- 
cules of  matter,  of  which  we  are  composed  by 
copulative  propagation,  being  differently  arranged 
and  combined  in  the  soul  of  their  prototype,  now 
compose  them  by  the  same  process  of  copulative 
propagation  :  that  their  form,  whatever  it  maybe, 
is  as  comely  to  them  as  ours  is  to  us ;  and  that 
their  ideas,  such  as  they  are,  fill  their  measure 
of  joy  just  as  full  as  our  ideas  do  our  measure  of 
enjoyment,  and,  being  designed  and  composed  by 
the  Almighty,  fill  their  sphere  in  the  halo  of  his 
glory  as  well  as  we  do.  Their  structure  is  his 


216  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

design,  their  intelligence  his  endowment  and 
perfectly  satisfactory  to  them,  and  help  to  com- 
plete the  glory  of  God's  infinite  designs;  and 
their  everlasting  life  helps  to  perfect  the  infini- 
tude of  his  work;  and  their  specific  action  helps 
to  fill  the  anthem  of  praise  and  thanksgiving  to 
God  for  his  infinite  goodness  and  mercy. 

Consequently,  should  a  single  specimen  of  the 
most  inferior  insect,  after  having  been  horn  and 
commenced  a  sensational  life  of  intelligent  action, 
ever  change  that  specific  routine  of  action,  the 
immutability  of  God's  designs  would  be  broken ; 
and  if  it  should  ever  cease  to  exist,  the  infinitude 
of  his  works  would  be  impeached  ;  aye,  and  con- 
victed, too,  of  being  finite  in  that  instance.  Hence 
Christ  said,  he  suffereth  not  a  sparrow  to  i'all  to 
the  ground  without  his  notice;  and  as  the  soul 
slips  out  of  that  little  gasping  body,  kw  uirects  its 
flight  to  join  the  beatified  souls  of  its  ancestors 
in  the  celestial  sphere  prepared  for  them  before 
the  first  pair  were  composed. 

What  appears  to  our  terrestrial  senses  to  be  a 
construction  and  destruction  of  vegetable  and  ani- 
mal structures,  are  only  the  mold  of  sand  in  which 
the  celestial  jewel  is  cast,  the  solidified  structure 
of  terrestrial  gases  whereby  the  immortal  soul  is 
composed,  which  is  just  as  necessary  an  element 
for  composing  the  soul  by  copulation  as  the  mold 
is  in  casting  the  jewel,  and  the  destruction  of  the 
mold  is  necessary  before  the  jewel  can  be  of  any 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          217 

essential  utility :  so  also  the  soul  cannot  attain  to 
its  full  capacity  of  glorifying  God  till  it  has 
escaped  from  the  dross  of  terrestrial  gases  in 
which  it  was  composed. 

The  simple  elements  of  terrestrial  matter  alone 
are  subject  to  chemical  synthesis  and  analysis, 
which  are  only  used  in  molding  celestial  things 
and  composing  immortal  souls,  which,  when 
completed,  are  decomposed  to  their  elementary 
condition  to  he  used  again.  But  all  celestial 
substances,  forces  of  growth,  and  intellectual  sprit, 
once  composed  into  a  soul,  it  is  everlastingly 
immortal  and  specifically  immutable  as  God  him- 
self from  the  day  that  it  becomes  a  living  soul. 

6.  The  next  grade  in  this  group  of  bipeds  is 
the  races  of  negroes,  of  which  there  are  several 
species.  The  first  and  most  distinctly  marked  and 
next  link  in  the  upper  grade  above  the  chimpan- 
zee is  the  caudal  negro,  found  in  the  southern 
portion  of  Africa ;  they  are  more  docile  than  the 
chimpanzee,  and  some  of  them  have  been  captured 
when  young,  and  educated  to  render  a  sufficient 
amount  of  service  to  pay  the  expense  of  their 
keeping.  They  are  both  carnivorous  and  gram- 
niverous  ;  but  their  carniverous  propensities  are 
so  strong  that,  unless  they  are  fed  a  certain  pro- 
portion of  meat,  they  have  been  known  to  devour 
even  the  children  of  their  masters. 

In  structure  they  are  very  little  superior  to 
the  chimpanzee,  while  their  skin  resembles  the 


218  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

negro  proper,  being  void  of  hair  and  equally  black, 
and  their  heads  are  covered  with  wool  of  a  little 
coarser  quality  than  the  negro  proper. 

They  are  groundlings,  and  their  huts  are  con- 
structed partly  of  an  excavation  in  the  ground, 
covered  with  an  arch,  composed  of  balls  of  mud, 
laid  up  in  a  plastic  condition,  which,  when  dry, 
makes  an  arch  of  considerable  strength:  the  placo 
of  egress  and  ingress  is  a  hole  at  the  bottom  and 
partly  under  ground,  just  large  enough  to  admit 
the  body,  somewhat  resembling  the  hole  of  a 
badger  leading  to  its  burrow,  in  which  they  bur- 
row in  the  winter,  but  in  the  summer  they  live 
mostly  in  the  jungles,  sleeping  under  trees. 

They  are  natives  of  a  temperate  zone,  and  use 
their  huts  to  protect  them  from  the  cold  storms 
of  winter,  and  the  forest  shades  to  protect  them 
against  the  extreme  heat  of  summer.  Their  hut 
is  the  only  structure  which  their  hands  have  ever 
made;  they  wear  no  clothing,  not  even  a  piece  of 
stuff  about  their  loins;  and  as  far  as  manufactur- 
ing is  concerned  they  are  no  way  superior  to  the 
chimpanzee.  He  constructs  his  hut  of  brush,  the 
caudal  negro  of  balls  of  mud ;  and  both  feed  at  the 
table  of  nature  on  what  Providence  sends  them, 
and  that  is  the  end  of  their  work.  The  former  is 
covered  with  hair,  while  the  latter  has  not  a  hair 
on  his  body.  The  former  has  no  tail  at  all,  while 
the  latter  sports  an  elongation  of  the  back-bone 
somewhat  resembling  the  tail  of  a  sheep.  The 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          219 

former  feeds  upon  vegetables,  while  the  latter 
gorges  himself  from  the  carcass  of  an  ape,  negro 
proper,  or  even  a  man,  with  great  satisfaction. 

He  is  susceptible  of  being  taught  to  perform 
some  useful  services  under  the  supervision  of  man, 
as  an  English  doctor  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope 
has  proved,  by  capturing  a  young  one  and  care- 
fully educating  it  to  render  certain  services ;  but 
his  own  desire  for  improvement  never  rises  above 
his  mud  hut,  wild  life,  and  such  food  as  Provi- 
dence sends  him. 

Besides  this  caudal  variety  there  are  several 
other  species,  most  of  which  inhabit  the  torrid 
zone;  the  next  above  the  caudal  negro,  whose 
range  extends  partially  into  the  temperate  zone, 
are  hardly  as  large  in  stature  as  the  tailed  negro, 
and  are  quite  as  awkwardly  made,  and  there  is 
about  the  same  difference  between  them,  that  there 
is  between  a  long-tailed  and  no-tailed  monkey,  the 
principal  difference  being,  one  has  a  tail  and  the 
other  has  none,  and  their  mode  of  working  out 
their  own  salvation  in  this  life  is  very  similar,  but 
being  south  of  the  slave  markets,  very  few  of  them 
have  ever  been  educated  to  perform  any  useful  ser- 
vice :  they  are  very  nearly  as  stupid  as  the  caudal 
negro. 

All  of  the  higher  grades  of  negroes  inhabit  the 
torrid  zone,  and  however  hot  the  sun  may  shine, 
it  never  seems  to  be  quite  hot  enough  for  them. 
Their  greatest  delight  is  to  lie  in  the  most  exposed 


220  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

places  and  bask  in  its  scorching  beams.  They  stand 
he  heat  better  even  than  the  chimpanzee,  and  seem 
to  have  been  designed  to  inhabit  the  hottest  and 
most  sickly  miasmal  districts  of  the  torrid  zone  in 
Africa. 

The  principal  difference  between  the  structure 
of  their  mud  huts  and  the  huts  of  the  caudal  negro 
is,  they  seek  a  timberless  plain,  void  of  shade,  on 
some  rich  alluvial  river  bottom,  and  construct 
them  on  top  of  the  ground  with  balls  of  black 
adobe,  in  the  form  of  a  conoid,  somewhat  resem- 
bling the  inverted  nest  of  a  hornet.  The  opening 
for  egress  and  ingress  is  at  the  bottom,  a  hole  just 
large  enough  to  admit  the  body.  These  black 
adobe  structures,  exposed  to  the  vertical  rays  of  a 
tropical  sun,  become  so  hot,  that  an  hour's  resi- 
dence in  them  would  kill  an  ape,  in  which,  like 
salamanders,  they  live,  copulate,  and  raise  their 
young.  They  live  in  the  same  state  of  nudity  as 
the  caudal  negro,  and  their  mud  hut  is  the  end 
of  their  building  capacity ;  and  having  no  desire 
for  clothing  of  any  kind,  their  intuitive  manufac- 
turing propensities  are  in  no  respect  above  the 
caudal  negro. 

They  are  both  carniverous  and  gramniverous, 
feeding  partly  upon  such  grasses  and  vegetables 
as  the  earth  naturally  produces,  and  partly  upon 
monkeys  and  such  other  animals  as  they  are  able 
to  capture;  and  missionaries  and  travelers  among 
them  inform  us  that  one  species  of  negro  feeds 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  221 

greedily  upon  the  carcasses  of  other  species  of  ne- 
groes, tearing  the  flesh  to  pieces  with  their  teeth 
and  fingers,  having  no  more  idea  of  the  manufac- 
ture of  cutlery  or  other  household  furniture  than 
the  apes. 

When  well  fed  they  are  docile  and  easily  cap- 
tured, and  are  capable  of  being  educated  to  render 
useful  service  in  many  ways.  In  the  use  of  the 
spade,  mattock,  and  hoe  they  soon  learn  to  per- 
form good  service,  under  the  constant  care  and 
direction  of  a  driver.  This  was  discovered  at  an 
early  day  by  the  Egyptians,  Moors,  and  other  Af- 
rican nations  who  lived  north  of  them  :  and  as  they 
lived  in  tribes  like  the  chimpanzee,  and  built  their 
mud  huts  in  clusters  in  sufficient  numbers  to  be 
a  mutual  protection  to  eacli  other  against  the  dep- 
redations of  other  species  of  negroes,  lions,  tigers, 
and  other  carniverous  beasts  which  inhabit  that 
country,  they  were  an  easy  prey  to  the  neighbor- 
ing nations  of  men,  who  by  kind  treatment  and 
friendly  approaches  succeeded  in  maintaining  a 
sort  of  friendly  intercourse  by  making  them  a  few 
presents  of  beads,  or  some  worthless  ornaments  for 
their  naked  black  persons.  Thus  they  created  a  de- 
sire among  them  for  brass  earrings  and  rings  in  the 
nose,  and  brass  bands  about  the  wrists,  and  beads 
about  the  neck,  to  such  an  extent  that  the  parents 
would  sell  their  children  into  slavery  for  a  brass 
ring  or  string  of  beads  that  was  not  worth  six 
cents. 


222  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

Like  all  other  animals,  their  paternal  care  over 
their  helpless  young  is  very  strong,  but  weakens 
rapidly  as  they  approach  maturity  and  become 
capable  of  caring  for  themselves. 

The  worst  feature  of  this  traffic  was,  those  un- 
scrupulous traders  become  very  intimate  with  the 
wives  of  the  chiefs  of  the  tribes,  and  perpetrated 
amalgamation  with  them,  whereby  the  spirit  of 
a  man  was  imprisoned  in  the  body  of  a  negro, 
which  it  abhorred ;  and  as  the  hybrid  grew  up  to 
maturity,  endowed  with  all  the  bad  qualities  of 
both  races,  it  became  an  incarnate  devil,  pos- 
sessed with  the  activity  and  perseverance  of  the 
soul  of  man,  clothed  in  a  body  which  it  loathed 
and  hated,  and  doomed  to  dwell  among  a  race  of 
animals  which  it  despised,  and  for  whom  it  had 
neither  fellowship  nor  fraternal  sympathy;  and 
its  own  members  being  at  enmity  with  each  other, 
there  was  not  a  vestige  of  human  sympathy  left 
in  its  composition,  and  its  sole  desire  was  to  wreak 
its  vengeance  on  all  the  race  among  which  it  was 
compelled  to  dwell. 

These  hybrids  being  vastly  superior  to  the 
thorough-breds  in  designing  capacity  and  strength 
of  will  to  execute  any  purpose,  and  being  the 
sons  of  the  wives  of  the  chiefs  of  the  tribes,  nat- 
urally became  the  ruling  element,  and  were  thus 
enabled  to  practice  upon  them  the  most  diabolical 
barbarities,  and  were  soon  able  to  organize  a 
small  army  of  hybrids,  who  were  always  ready  to 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          223 

go  out  to  a  neighboring  tribe  and  capture  as  many 
as  any  slave  dealer  was  willing  to  buy  for  trinkets 
and  things  of  no  value. 

Notwithstanding  the  spirit  of  a  man  was  in 
them,  they  were  clothed  with  a  carcass  which 
loathed  the  food  of  civilization,  and  craved  only 
that  which  Providence  furnished  at  the  table  of 
nature,  so  that  there  was  no  occasion  for  using 
their  forces  in  any  civilized  pursuit;  still  they 
were  bound  to  work  off  their  excessive  forces  at 
something,  which  was  usually  done  in  warfare 
with  some  neighboring  species  of  animal.  A  very 
few  days'  rest  made  them  feel  so  happy,  that  they 
were  again  ready  to  start  out  on  a  raid,  and  kill 
somebody  and  capture  some  prisoners  from  neigh- 
boring tribes,  who,  in  case  there  were  no  slave 
buyers  in  market,  became  an  expensive  trouble  on 
their  hands,  which  to  get  rid  of  they  would  kill, 
cut  up,  roast,  and  make  a  barbecue  feast  for  the 
tribe. 

Thus  by  the  sin  of  amalgamation  those  once 
peaceful  happy  tribes  were  converted  into  war- 
ring, devouring  demons,  and  subjected  to  the 
most  terrible  oppression,  liable  at  any  time  to  be 
captured  and  sold  into  servitude,  or  slaughtered 
and  gobbled  up  by  their  cannibal  neighbors.  The 
sin  of  amalgamation  did  not  stop  here  with  the 
native  tribes,  but  followed  the  captives  into  servi- 
tude, where  nearly  all  the  children  of  the  wenches 
were  begotten  by  their  masters'  overseers  or  in- 


224  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

terloping  vagabonds,  and  thus  the  country  in 
which  they  were  subjected  to  servitude  became 
populated  to  a  considerable  extent  with  hybrids, 
who  retained  all  the  bad  qualities  of  both  species, 
composed  of  the  active  energetic  soul  of  man 
imprisoned  in  a  gross  carcass,  which  required 
gross  food,  and  was  the  most  comfortable  in  a 
state  of  nudity,  and  enjoyed  itself  only  in  a  gross 
state  of  moral  turpitude. 

The  sexual  effect  of  the  cross  was  a  breaking 
up  of  the  natural  courses  of  nature,  so  that  the 
females  were  always  in  heat  and  excited  to  an 
inordinate  desire  for  copulation,  that  stripped 
them  of  all  feminine  modesty  and  virtuous  sense 
of  the  proper  use  of  copulation,  and  filled  their 
whole  nervous  system  with  a  burning  desire  for 
the  sexual  embrace  at  all  times  and  under  all  cir- 
cumstances, under  the  influence  of  which  they 
were  constantly  exposing  themselves  in  tempting 
attitudes  to  the  males  of  both  whites  and  blacks, 
and  using  every  seductive  art  that  they  were 
master  of  to  induce  copulating  indulgence,  with- 
out any  regard  to  matrimonial  alliances,  which 
excited  all  the  evil  passions  of  men  to  a  state  of 
reckless  riot  that  broke  down  all  virtuous  restraint, 
and  led  to  such  an  unnatural  use  of  copulation, 
'that  loathsome  venereal  diseases  were  engendered, 
the  blood  loaded  with  virus  matter,  prostrating 
every  vital  energy,  eradicating  all  sense  of  vir- 
tuous propriety  and  manly  aspiration  for  human 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          225 

progress,  and  dragging  the  whole  community 
into  a  state  of  barbarism  far  beneath  the  aborigi- 
nal thorough-bred  negro  tribes ;  for  what  little  en- 
ergy they  had  left  from  forces  expended  in  sexual 
abuse  was  expended  in  warring  with,  killing,  and 
devouring  each  other,  constantly  raiding  upon 
neighboring  nations  to  obtain  supplies  which  they 
were  too  indolent  to  produce  for  themselves.  Con- 
sequently some  neighboring  nation,  which  had  a 
little  regard  for  virtue,  care  for  its  own  personal 
health,  and  desire  for  progress  in  civilization,  was 
compelled  to  subjugate  them  and  force  them  to  a 
passive  observance  of  the  laws  of  civilization. 

Thus  we  see  that  Arabians,  Egyptians,  and 
Moors,  and  all  those  African  nations  which  first 
introduced  negro  slavery  among  them,  with  all 
of  its  corrupting  vices,  by  hybridizing  and  whore- 
dom, have  for  thousands  of  years  been  only  grov- 
eling abortions  of  manhood — mere  fossils  of  the 
national  dignity  to  which  they  attained  in  a  cen- 
tury under  the  reign  of  a  virtuous  manhood, 
unadulterated  by  amalgamation  with  inferior 
races,  nor  prostrated  by  venereal  disease,  brought 
on  by  an  unnatural  use  of  copulation.  Most  of 
those  countries  which  wexe  once  in  a  high  state 
of  cultivation  and  densely  populated  by  indus- 
trious, thriving,  happy  people,  are  now  a  wilder- 
ness, inhabited  only  by  hybrid  bandits,  presenting 
every  shade  of  miscegenary  abortion,  from  negro 
to  man,  who  live  at  the  table  of  nature  on  what 
15 


226  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

Providence  sends  them,  except  what  they  can 
get  by  plunder  and  robbery,  and  have  destroyed 
every  vestige  of  civilization  within  reach  of  them, 
through  which  no  man  can  travel  without  mili- 
tary escort:  and  Mexico  and  Central  and  South 
America  are  already  in  a  similar  condition  by  the 
same  cause;  and  a  ruling  dynasty  of  hybrids  will 
produce  the  same  result  in  a  very  few  years  in 
any  country  in  the  world. 

The  negro  races,  as  God  composed  them,  are  an 
innocent,  harmless,  happy  people,  who  when  left 
to  work  out  their  own  destiny,  live  just  as  God 
designed  they  should  live,  in  the  hottest,  unhealth- 
iest  part  of  the  world,  in  a  perfect  state  of  nudity, 
in  as  wild  and  uncivilized  a  condition  as  the  mon- 
key tribes,  where  Providence  feeds  them  with  food 
exactly  adapted  to  their  desires  and  most  condu- 
cive to  their  health  and  welfare,  that  they  may 
increase  as  rapidly  as  possible  for  the  population 
of  the  sphere  which  God  prepared  for  them  in  the 
starry  heavens  ere  he  composed  the  spiritual  pat- 
tern of  the  souls  of  the  first  pair  of  each  species  of 
negroes,  the  males  of  which  have  never  marred  that 
pattern,  nor  disgraced  their  species  by  amalga- 
mating with  any  other  race,  whether  of  other  spe- 
cies of  negroes,  apes,  Indians,  or  men;  and  the 
souls  of  each  species  of  negro,  whether  of  the  tailed 
or  no-tailed  species,  has  invariably,  from  the  time 
of  its  creation,  worked  out  its  own  salvation  in  the 
precise  manner  that  God  designed  it  should  when 


SIMPLE  ELEMENT  J*  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  227 

he  composed  It,  and  has  been  as  constant  to  the 
spiritual  pattern  of  its  prototype  as  a  chimpanzee: 
and  in  its  simple  wild  life,  if  it  does  no  more  good 
than  an  ape,  it  certainly  does  no  more  harm,  and 
the  sin  of  enslaving  them  and  forcing  the  females 
to  submit  to  amalgamation  has  been  visited  with 
certain  death,  national  and  moral,  upon  every  na- 
tion that  has  perpetrated  it. 

Mark,  now,  this  whole  brood  of  hybrids  in  the 
world  is  the  result  of  a  cross  between  man,  squaws, 
and  negro  wenches.  The  soul  of  a  negro  will  not 
disgrace  itself  by  copulating  with  a  woman :  the 
entire  responsibility  of  this  sin  rests  on  the  soul 
of  man,  and  terribly  has  man  suffered  for  it  If 
there  is  any  creature  on  earth  which  deserves  all 
the  pity  which  can  possibly  be  given  to  it,  it  is  a 
hybrid,  a  mulatto,  composed  of  the  soul  of  a  man, 
imprisoned  in  the  carcass  of  a  negro,  which  it  hates 
and  loathes,  by  the  accursed  lust  of  its  father.  But 
pity  does  him  no  good ;  for  nothing  can  relieve  him 
from  the  body  of  that  moral  death  but  death  itself. 
Hence  the  Divine  law  commands  that  he  who  per- 
petrates that  sin  shall  be  stoned  to  death,  and  that 
the  mother  and  the  offspring  shall  also  be  put  to 
death,  that  the  innocent  hybrid  may  be  saved  from 
a  life  of  shame,  a  living  death.  We  believe  that 
if  our  father  had  begotten  us  of  a  negro  wench,  if 
she  would  tell  us  who  he  was  we  would  follow  him 
to  the  very  gates  of  hell  to  see  that  sentence  of 
stoning  to  death  executed  upon  him;  and  if  the 


228  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

government  would  not  do  it,  we  would  execute  it 
with  our  own  hands,  and  God  would  justify  the 
act. 

When  God  determined  to  compose  the  spiritual 
pattern  of  the  soul  of  the  primitive  pair  of  negroes, 
he  conceived  in  his  own  mind  just  the  change  in 
the  arrangement  of  the  simple  elements  of  finite 
spirit  and  force  of  growth  that  would  remove  the 
caudal  negro  one  grade  above  the  chimpanzee ; 
and  being  thus  constituted,  the  soul  of  the  caudal 
negro  has  been  just  as  constant  to  its  spiritual 
pattern  in  propagating  its  race  to  the  present 
time  as  the  lion  has  to  the  spiritual  pattern  of 
its  prototype.  And  thus  was  the  next  grade  of 
negro  above  the  caudal  constituted,  and  thus  the 
next  above  that,  and  so  on  till  the  highest  grade 
of  the  negro  race  was  reached,  each  of  which  has 
been  just  as  constant  to  the  spiritual  pattern  of 
their  prototype  as  the  various  races  of  baboons, 
apes,  and  chimpanzees  have  to  theirs,  never  hav- 
ing amalgamated  with  each  other  in  any  instance. 
One  species  of  negro,  when  hard  pressed  with 
famine,  will  kill  and  feed  upon  another  species 
of  negro,  but  never  amalgamate.  Trees  in  the 
forest  were  never  more  constant  to  their  species 
than  the  negro  races  are  in  repeating  their  spir- 
itual pattern  by  propagation ;  and  from  the  highest 
to  the  lowest  of  them,  they  live  in  the  same  wild 
state  of  nudity  that  the  apes  do,  nor  have  they 
any  more  manufacturing  talent.  An  idle,  merry 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          229 

life  is  their  constitutional  status,  which  they  could 
not  depart  from  without  breaking  the  designs  of 
the  Almighty. 

Some  of  these  races  have  quite  a  talent  for 
music,  and  both  sing  and  whistle  a  native  carol 
of  song  in  a  very  entertaining  manner,  and  are 
as  earnest  and  happy  in  it  as  the  birds  of  the  air ; 
and  when  left  to  themselves,  uninfluenced  by  the 
designs  of  man  and  uncorrupted  by  his  lusts, 
they  work  out  their  destiny  of  life  with  more  con- 
stancy to  the  designs  of  their  Creator  than  man 
has  ever  done  up  to  this  time." 

7.  The  specific  range  in  tone  between  the  per- 
formers of  this  scale  of  the  soprano  part  of  the  tune 
of  universal  intelligence  rises  by  the  same  simple 
even  tone  from  the  highest  grade  of  the  negro  races 
to  the  lowest  grade  of  the  Indian  races  that  it  does 
from  the  highest  grade  of  the  ape  species  to  the 
lowest  grade  of  the  negro  races. 

The  Esquimaux  are  undoubtedly  the  lowest  grade 
of  the  Indian  races,  who  in  point  of  intelligence 
and  intuitive  work  of  life  range  just  one  simple 
tone  above  that  of  the  highest  constructive  intelli- 
gence of  the  highest  grade  of  negroes  which  the 
rigor  of  the  climate  in  which  they  live  compels 
them  to  perform ;  for  while  there  is  just  one  sim- 
ple tone's  variation  between  the  intelligence  of  the 
Congo  negro  and  Esquimau  Indian,  their  habi- 
tations arc  antipodal,  i.  e.,  the  negro  lives  in  the 
torrid  zone,  in  a  mud  hut,  built  in  a  miasmal  bot- 


230  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

torn,  exposed  to  the  most  intense  heat  of  the  ver- 
tical rays  of  a  tropical  sun,  void  of  any  covering 
for  his  body  but  that  which  the  Creator  gave  him, 
and  stands,  aye,  and  enjoys,  the  most  intense  heat 
equal  to  salamanders.  Whereas  the  Esquimau 
Indian  lives  in  the  frigid  zone,  environed  by  per- 
petual snows,  builds  his  igloo  of  snow,  sleeps  on 
a  snow  bed,  and  lives  entirely  on  such  meat  as  the 
sea  furnishes  for  his  sustenance.  And  as  the  Cre- 
ator did  not  provide  him  with  a  coat  of  warm  fur 
to  shield  him  from  the  rigor  of  his  snow  bed,  frigid 
climate,  and  snow  hut,  as  he  did  the  polar  bear 
and  seal,  he  endowed  him  with  a  capacity  to  pro- 
vide one  for  himself,  which  he  does  by  stripping 
off  the  skin  of  a  bear  whole,  except  an  enlarge- 
ment of  the  slit  at  the  mouth  to  an  extent  that 
will  admit  of  its  being  drawn  back  over  the  body 
entirely  whole,  except  the  enlargement  at  the 
mouth,  and  tan  it  into  a  pliable  condition  by 
moistening  it  with  the  brains  of  the  bear  and 
then  rubbing  and  beating  it  dry,  moistening  again 
with  brains  and  then  beating  it  dry  again,  and 
so  on  till  the  horny  stiffness  is  taken  out  of  it, 
when  he  slips  his  biped  legs  into  the  skin  of  the 
hind  legs  of  the  quadruped,  and  his  arms  into  the 
skin  of  his  fore  legs ;  and  their  structures  are  so 
near  alike  that  a  tailor  could  not  give  him  a  better 
fit.  They  also  prepare  fur  blankets  for  their  snow 
beds  by  tanning  seal  skins  in  the  same  manner, 
and  then  sowing  them  together  with  a  bone  needle 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          231 

and  strips  of  seal  skin  or  ligaments  from  the  mus- 
cles of  the  bear.  In  this  one  thing  they  excel  the 
highest  grade  of  the  negro  race  in  manufacturing 
intelligence  by  intuition. 

In  capacity  to  endure  heat  the  negro  races  par- 
take of  the  nature  of  salamanders,  while  the  Es- 
quimaux seem  to  be  equally  allied  to  the  polar 
bear  and  ice-bound  seal  in  constitutional  ability 
to  endure  cold.  While  one  hundred  degrees  Fah- 
renheit is  the  lowest  temperature  congenial  to  the 
negro  races,  zero  is  the  highest  that  is  congenial 
to  the  Esquimaux.  One  day  and  night  in  a  ne- 
gro's mud  hut,  under  the  burning  sun  of  the  torrid 
zone,  would  not  only  do  an  Esquimau  to  death, 
but  would  try  out  the  seal  oil  and  whale  blubber 
from  his  carcass,  and  leave  only  a  skeleton  covered 
with  a  mummy-like  skin.  So,  also,  one  day  and 
night's  lodging  in  a  snow  igloo,  on  the  snow  bed 
of  an  Esquimau  in  the  frigid  zone,  would  freeze  a 
negro  as  stiff  as  a  statue  of  black  marble.  Thus 
God  graciously  made  just  such  an  arrangement  of 
the  simple  elements  of  finite  spirit,  in  composing 
the  spiritual  pattern  of  each  of  those  species,  as 
qualified  them  to  enjoy  life  in  the  climate  in  which 
they  were  destined  to  live,  and  fatten  on  the  food 
contained  in  the  natural  products  of  the  country, 
and  endowed  each  with  just  the  degree  of  intelli- 
gence that  would  enable  him  to  laugh  and  grow 
fat  in  the  environments  allotted  to  him,  void  of 
regret  for  the  past,  reckless  of  the  future,  and  en- 


232  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

joying  the  present  with  a  merry  zest  to  which  man 
seldom  attains. 

We  will  now  give  a  few  extracts  from  C.  F. 
Hall's  Life  among  the  Esquimaux,  which  will 
illustrate  the  Esquimaux  mood  of  enjoying  life : 

"The  next  thing  we  did  was  to  build  an  igloo, 
where  at  all  events  something  like  a  shelter  could 
be  obtained  and  warmth  by  clustering  together. 
*  *  *  ]£0ker  Johin,  the  master  mason,  aided  by 
Sterry,  built  the  igloo  out  of  a  snow  bank.  *  *  * 
The  igloo  completed,  on  lying  down  we  found  it 
was  too  limited,  and  that  we  should  be  inconven- 
iently, and  perhaps  injuriously,  cramped;  there- 
fore a  remedy  must  be  found,  and  this  was  by 
cutting  pigeon  holes  in  the  snow  bank  for  our 
feet.  This  answered,  and  soon  we  were  fast  asleep, 
though  upon  a  bed  of  snow,  and  at  my  back  a 
snow  bank.  *  *  *  (p.  264.) 

"The  island  we^were  now  going  to  was  the  one 
where  Annawa  and  his  family  went  to  at  the  time 
we  escorted  them  part  of  the  way  the  previous  foil, 
(p.  128,)  and  we  now  intended  to  rest  there  for  the 
night;  but  it  was  quite  9  p.  m.  before  we  arrived, 
and  then  some  of  the  family  were  in  bed.  This, 
however,  did  not  prevent  our  having  a  prompt 
and  most  friendly  reception.  The  aged  Annawa 
and  all  those  with  him  quickly  gave  us  food,  and 
rejoiced  to  see  me;  and,  though  there  was  no 
spare  bed,  yet  I  was  cordially  invited  to  share 
theirs.  Soon  after,  tired  and  sore  with  my  long 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          233 

walk  of  more  than  twenty  miles  over  ice,  moun- 
tain, and  ice  again,  I  retired  to  rest  as  best  I  could. 

"That  night  my  sleep  was  a  sound  one,  though 
I  was  tightly  squeezed,  the  sleepers  being  numer- 
ous, and  all  in  the  same  bed.  There  were  nine 
of  us  besides  the  infant  at  the  breast — a  boy  three 
and  a  half  feet  in  height  of  portly  dimensions. 
The  order  of  sleeping  was  as  follows :  Key-c-zhune, 
the  wife  of  Annawa,  lay  in  her  place  by  the  ik-ku- 
mer,  or  fire  light,  with  infant,  Kok-uk-jun,  be- 
tween herself  and  her  husband;  then,  next  to 
him  was  the  child  Oo-suk-jee.  I  lay  alongside 
of  the  child  Koojessee.  Next  to  me  there  came 
Esh-ee-loo,  with  his  wife,  Oony-a,  all  of  us  facing 
upward.  Then,  with  feet  at  our  feet,  were  a 
young  man,  Innuit,  and  the  little  girl,  Kimmiloo, 
who  lives  with  Annawa. 

"The  space  into  which  the  ten  were  compacted 
and  interwoven  was  less  than  as  many  feet.  Of 
course  I  had  to  sleep  in  my  day  dress,  as  no  spare 
bed  is  kept  in  reserve  for  company,  nor  had  they 
more  covering  than  they  needed  for  the  family; 
but  I  got  along  through  the  night  after  a  fashion. 

"It  was,  however,  not  very  pleasant.  When- 
ever I  attempted  to  turn  to  relieve  my  aching 
bones,  a  little  boy  by  my  side  roared  like  a  young 
lion,  waking  all  the  sleepers,  and  thus  creating  a 
confusion  that  would  have  deprived  me  of  further 
slumber  but  for  my  great  fatigue.  However  the 
night  passed,  and  early  in  the  morning  I  slipped 

u* 


234  SCIENCE  OP  INTELLIGENCE. 

out,  as  a  snake  from  deciduous  epidermis,  and 
prepared  for  a  walk.  *  *  *  (p.  258.) 

"Our  breakfast  and  dinner  were  excellent. 
For  the  former,  raw  frozen  walrus,  of  which  I 
had  a  piece  for  my  share  of  about  five  pounds ; 
and  at  the  latter  seal.  The  portion  of  this  allotted 
to  me  and  Sterry  was  the  head.  We  complied 
with  the  Innuit  custom.  Sterry  took  a  mouthful, 
then  passed  it  to  me,  and  when  I  had  done  the 
same,  it  was  returned  to  him,  and  so  on.  Of 
course  fingers  were  all  in  all.  No  knives  are 
found  among  the  Innuits ;  fingers  and  teeth  are 
more  than  their  equivalent. 

"When  the  meat,  skin,  and  hair  were  all  de- 
spatched— even  the  eyes,  except  the  balls,  which 
were  given  to  the  youngest  child  of  Sampson — 
we  tapped  the  brain.  I  was  surprised  at  the 
amount  of  a  seal's  brain,  and  equally  so  at  the 
deliciousness  of  them.  The  skull  was  almost  as 
thin  as  paper. 

"Later  in  the  day  I  attended  another  feast  in 
the  igloo  of  Kookin,  who  had  invited  his  old 
mother,  Shel-lu-ar-ping,  and  two  other  venerable 
dames ;  and  I  must  say,  that  if  my  friends  at  home 
could  then  have  seen  how  like  an  Innuit  I  ate, 
they  would  have  blushed  for  me. 

"First  came  a  portion  of  seal's  liver,  raw  and 
warm  from  its  late  existence  in  life.  This,  with 
a  slice  of  ook-sook,  (blubber,)  was  handed  to  each, 
and  I  made  way  with  mine  as  quickly  as  any  of 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  235 

the  old  adepts.  Then  came  ribs,  enclosed  in 
tender  meat,  dripping  with  blood.  How  am- 
brosial to  my  appetite !  Lastly  came — what? 
Entrails,  which  the  old  lady  drew  through  her 
fingers  yards  in  length.  This  was  served  to  every 
one  but  me  in  pieces  of  two  to  three  feet  long.  I 
saw  at  once  that  it  was  supposed  I  would  not  like 
to  eat  this  delicacy;  but  having  partaken  of  it 
before,  I  signified  my  wish  to  do  so  now:  for,  be 
it  remembered,  there  is  not  any  part  of  a  seal  but 
is  good.  I  drew  the  ribbon-like  food  through  my 
teeth,  Innuit  fashion,  finished  it,  and  then  asked 
for  more.  This  immensely  pleased  the  old  dames. 
They  were  in  ecstacies.  It  seemed  as  if  they 
thought  me  the  best  in  the  group.  They  laughed ; 
they  bestowed  upon  me  all  the  most  pleasing  epi- 
thets their  language  would  admit.  I  was  one  of 
the  honored  few. 

"Soon  as  the  round  of  feasting  was  ended,  one 
of  the  old  lady  Innuits  drew  my  attention  to  her 
afflictions.  She  had  a  dreadful  pain  in  her  side 
and  back,  and  had  been  badly  troubled  for  weeks. 
Before  I  had  time  for  thought  she  drew  off  her 
long-tailed  coat  over  her  head,  and  sat  there  be- 
fore me  nude  as  nature  made  her.  The  laughing 
face  and  joyous,  ringing  voice  of  the  old  lady  were 
now  exchanged  for  expressions  indicative  of  suffer- 
ing and  the  need  of  sympathy.  The  whole  party 
present  were  now  absorbed  in  the  subject  before 
me.  I  put  on  as  long  and  dignified  a  face  as  I 


236  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

could  in  this  trying  scene,  and  as  much  was  evi- 
dently expected  from  me,  I  was  determined  no 
disappointment  should  follow.  Therefore  I  pro- 
ceeded to  manipulate  the  parts  affected,  or  rather 
plowed  my  fingers  in  the  rich  loam  (real  estate) 
that  covered  the  ailing  places.  The  result  was, 
that  I  gave  notice  that  she  should  live  on  eating 
as  much  fish,  seal,  and  walrus  as  she  wanted, 
drinking  water  several  times  a  day,  and  applying 
the  same  amount  at  the  end  of  every  ten  days  as 
she  had  drunk  in  that  time  to  the  outside  of  her 
body  by  the  process  of  scrubbing,  which  I  then 
and  there  practically  explained  to  her  and  the 
others.  *  *  *  (p.  266.) 

1  'When  a  white  man  for  the  first  time  enters 
one  of  their  tujoes  or  igloos,  he  is  nauseated  with 
everything  he  sees  or  smells — even  disgusted  with 
the  innocent  natives,  who  extend  to  him  the  best 
hospitality  their  means  afford.  Take  for  instance 
the  igloo  in  which  I  had  an  excellent  dinner  on 
the  day  last  mentioned.  Any  one  from  the  States, 
if  entering  this  igloo  with  me,  would  see  a  com- 
pany of  what  he  would  call  a  dirty  set  of  human 
beings,  mixed  up  among  masses  of  nasty  uneat- 
able flesh,  skins,  blood,  and  bones,  scattered  all 
about  the  igloo.  He  would  see  hanging  over  a 
long  flame  ('stone  pot,  filled  with  blubber  burn- 
ing from  a  moss  wick')  the  oo-koo-sin,  (stone 
kettle,)  black  with  soot  and  oil,  of  great  age,  and 
filled  to  its  utmost  capacity  with  black  meat  swim- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          237 

mmg  in  a  dark  smoky  fluid,  as  if  made  by  boiling 
down  the  dirty  scrapings  of  a  butcher's  stall. 
He  would  see  men,  women,  and  children — my 
humble  self  included — devouring  the  contents  of 
that  kettle,  and  he  would  pity  the  human  beings 
who  could  be  reduced  to  such  necessity  as  to  eat 
the  horrid  stuff.  The  dishes  out  of  which  the  soup 
is  taken  would  turn  his  stomach,  especially  when 
he  would  see  dogs  wash  them  out  with  their  pliant 
tongues  previous  to  our  using  them."  (p.  522.) 

Thus  we  have  their  progress  in  architecture  and 
the  culinary  art  after  some  six  thousand  years, 
in  which  their  species  have  lived,  experimented, 
and  passed  away,  and  something  over  three  hun- 
dred years  they  have  had  the  example  and  in- 
struction of  missionaries,  traders,  and  sailors,  who 
have  been  much  among  them. 

"I  could  here  mention  one  or  two  facts,  but  it 
will  be  unnecessary  more  than  to  say  that  mothers 
here  at  home  will  comprehend  all  my  meaning 
when  I  tell  them  that  Innuit  infants  are  carried 
naked  in  the  mother's  hood."  (p.  180.) 

"It  has  been  said  by  a  well-known  witty  writer, 
now  deceased,  when  referring  to  the  Esquimaux, 
in  an  Arctic  book  he  was  reviewing,  that  they  are 
singular  composite  beings — a  link  between  Sax- 
on and  seal — hybrids — putting  the  seal's  body 
into  their  own,  and  thus  encasing  their  skins  in 
seals ;  thus  walking  to  and  fro  a  compound  forma- 
tion. A  transverse  section  would  discover  them 


238  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

to  be  stratified  like  a  roly-poly  pudding — only  in- 
stead of  jam  and  pastry,  if  their  layers  were  noteJ 
on  a  perpendicular  scale,  they  would  range  after 
this  fashion :  first  of  all  seal,  then  biped — seal  in 
the  center,  with  biped  and  seal  again  at  the  bot- 
tom. Yet,  singular  enough,  these  savages  are 
cheerful  and  really  seem  to  have  great  capacity 
for  enjoyment.  Though  in  the  coldest  and  most 
comfortless  dens  of  the  earth,  they  are  ever  on  the 
grin,  whatever  befalls  them.  When  they  see  a 
white  man  and  his  knick-knacks,  they  grin.  They 
grin  when  they  rub  their  noses  with  snow,  when 
they  blow  their  fingers,  when  they  lubricate  their 
hides  inside  and  out  with  the  fat  of  the  seal. 

"Truly  then,  as  Sterne  says,  'Providence,  thou 
art  merciful.'  "  (p.  98.) 

Yes,  Providence  formed  them  expressly  to  live, 
propagate,  and  enjoy  themselves  in  that  region 
of  ice  and  snow  where  no  vegetable  diet  of  any 
kind  can  be  procured,  so  that  their  only  resource 
of  sustenance  lies  in  the  deep-blue  sea,  drawn 
from  between  the  cakes  of  ice  which  perpetually 
cover  the  frozen  ocean ;  and  there,  encased  in  bear 
or  seal  skins,  dwelling  in  snow  houses,  and  feed- 
ing upon  the  carcasses  of  fish,  seal,  and  walrus, 
they  laugh  and  grow  fat,  and  are  as  happy  as  the 
negro  is  in  his  mud  hut  or  the  ape  in  his  brush 
habitation,  and  are  much  better  satisfied  with 
their  cold  destiny  than  man  is  in  all  the  splendor 
of  civilization. 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          239 

Thus  we  have  a  pen-and-ink  sketch  by  a  trav- 
eler among  them,  and  the  only  work  of  their 
hands  described  by  him  is  an  igloo  built  of  snow, 
a  stone  pot,  and  a  covering  of  seal  or  bear  skin. 
Tbey  feed  entirely  upon  meat,  and  either  eat  it 
raw,  entrails,  excrement,  and  all,  or  pour  the 
excrement  into  a  stone  pot  and  parboil,  or  rather 
soak  and  pickle  the  meat  in  it  in  a  tepid  state, 
which  is  the  most  that  could  be  done.  Thus  we 
discover  that  the  race  of  Esquimaux  are  simply  a 
stone  pot  and  a  bear  or  seal-skin  garment  above 
the  negro  in  point  of  intelligent  work. 

South  of  the  frigid  zone,  where  the  climate  be- 
comes sufficiently  temperate  to  produce  vegetation 
and  sundry  wild  beasts  are  able  to  subsist  upon 
it  in  the  forests  and  wilderness  back  from  the  sea, 
we  find  the  next  higher  grade  of  Indians,  whose 
habitation  in  summer  is  a  wigwam  constructed 
of  poles,  set  upright  in  a  circle  of  about  sixteen 
feet  diameter  at  the  base,  sloping  inward  to  a  cir- 
cle of  about  three  feet  diameter  at  the  top,  about 
sixteen  feet  high,  and  covered  with  bark  where 
bark  can  be  had;  when  not  to  be  had,  they  cover 
it  with  the  skins  of  beasts  which  they  have  killed 
for  food,  and  they  excel  the  Esquimaux  in 
making  a  boW  and  arrow ;  and  as  household  fur- 
niture, they  substitute  a  very  ingeniously  made 
willow  basket  for  the  stone  pot  of  the  Esqui- 
maux, in  which  they  cook  their  chemuck,  by 
heating  stones  and  throwing  them  into  the  basket 


240  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

of  mash ;  and  some  of  them  who  live  near  the 
great  lakes  and  rivers  construct  a  very  ingenious 
bark  canoe. 

Most  of  the  tribes  who  live  in  the  southern  por- 
tion of  the  frigid  and  northern  portion  of  the 
temperate  zone  retain  the  habit  of  wearing  a  sort 
of  blanket  covering,  composed  of  some  kind  of 
skins ;  and  we  are  told  by  travelers  that  some  of 
these  tribes  on  the  Northern  Pacific  coast  live  in 
burrows  in  the  ground,  something  like  the  ground 
squirrels  on  that  coast,  which  are  so  troublesome 
to  the  wheat-growers  of  California.  Indeed  there 
seems  to  be  as  many  different  species  of  Indians 
as  there  are  of  squirrels.  For  instance,  there  is 
the  species  of  black,  gray,  red,  ground,  flying 
squirrel  and  chipmunk,  or,  as  it  is  sometimes 
called,  striped  squirrel,  which  never  cross  nor 
amalgamate ;  each  of  which  are  as  true  to  their 
species  in  repeating  by  propagation  the  spiritual 
pattern  of  the  soul  of  their  prototype  as  the  lion 
is  to  his  through  all  their  generation.  So  also 
there  is  the  Esquimaux  snow  igloo  species,  the 
wigwam  and  skin-covered  species,  burrowing  spe- 
cies, temperate  zone  species,  who  go  mostly 
naked ;  torrid  zone  species,  who  go  entirely  naked ; 
and  upon  several  islands  are  found  one  or  two 
species  which  seem  to  differ  from  every  other, 
whose  habitations,  mood  of  enjoyment,  and  mode 
of  working  out  their  destiny  of  life  are  as  similar 
as  that  of  squirrels. 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  AXIMAL  GKOWTH.  241 

We  are  now  writing  of  the  native  thorough- 
bred Indian,  with  the  soul  and  body  of  an  Indian 
harmoniously  united,  as  God  composed  him  in  the 
beginning,  by  just  such  an  arrangement  of  the 
simple  elements  of  finite  spirit  as  composed  the 
spiritual  pattern  of  the  soul  of  the  prototype  of 
those  self-reliant  savages  who  had  lived  and 
worked  out  their  destiny  of  life  upon  this  conti- 
nent according  to  their  own  intuitive  desire,  will, 
and  personal  necessity,  with  nobody  to  interfere 
with  them  or  influence  them  in  any  respect,  from 
the  time  of  the  flood  down  to  the  time  of  the  set- 
tlement of  the  continent  by  the  European  nations, 
with  no  more  change  in  the  form  of  their  wig- 
wam, shape  of  their  bow  or  arrow,  or  willow  bas- 
ket, than  there  had  been  in  the  form  of  a  beaver's 
dam,  crow's  nest,  or  card  of  honey-comb. 

We  are  describing  the  natural  status  of  that  noble 
savage  who  met  our  forefathers  in  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury on  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  with  his  naked  car- 
cass and  bow  and  arrow  battled  against  the  progress 
of  civilization,  as  the  bear  and  wolf  battled  and 
fell  back  with  the  same  uncompromising  hostility — 
of  that  wild  beastly  biped  who  lived  in  the  same 
wild,  savage,  unreplenishing  condition  that  the 
quadruped  beasts  had  done  from  the  time  of  their 
creation  down  to  the  discovery  of  the  continent 
by  Americus  Vespucius,  and  the  final  settlement 
of  the  country  by  our  forefathers,  and  who  still 
persist  in  the  same  mode  of  savage  life  in  spite  of 
16 


242  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

the  best  efforts  of  conscientious  missionaries  and 
ten  millions  a  year  appropriated  by  our  Govern- 
ment to  civilize  and  learn  them  to  work.  Against 
all  of  which  they  are  still  battling  with  the  same 
determination  that  the  bear  and  wolf  battles  to 
annihilation,  and  who  are  still  found  in  the  west- 
ern wilderness  in  their  naked  thorough-bred  con- 
dition. 

What  we  are  writing  here  has  no  reference  to 
the  fragments  of  once  powerful  tribes  of  thorough- 
bred Indians  who  are  now  only  hybrid  abortions  of 
the  tribes  whose  names  they  bear,  who  come  about 
one-fourth  as  near  to  being  Indians  as  a  mule 
does  to  being  a  horse;  for  a  mule  is  a  thorough 
hybrid,  its  father  being  a  donkey  and  its  mother 
a  mare ;  but  not  so  with  these  abortions,  who  are 
called  Indians,  for  their  mother  was  perhaps  a 
half-breed,  perhaps  a  quadroon,  perhaps  an  octo- 
roon, while  their  fathers  are — what  shall  we  call 
them?  not  beasts,  for  a  beast  would  not  so  disgrace 
itself.  There  is  but  one  name  for  them,  and  that 
is  men  who  have  by  their  base  lusts  transformed 
themselves  into  incarnate  devils,  who  would  have 
been  stoned  to  death  if  the  government  had  done 
its  duty.  When  we  have  done  with  the  Indian 
we  will  briefly  investigate  this  stock,  which  is  not 
a  species  at  all,  does  not  come  within  the  classifi- 
cation of  any  group  into  which  the  animal  king- 
dom is  divided ;  and  the  only  thing  which  this  work 
has  to  do  with  them  is  to  draw  a  line  of  distinction 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          243 

between  them  and  the  native  thorough-bred  species 
of  animals  by  whose  name  they  are  called.  We 
have  made  this  explanation  here  in  order  to  have 
the  reader  distinctly  understand,  that  when  we 
speak  of  the  Indian  races  we  have  no  allusion  what- 
ever to  these  hybrid  fragmentary  relics  of  the  thor- 
ough-bred Indian  types,  but  have  exclusive  refer- 
ence to  the  thorough-bred  species  of  Indians  which 
our  ancestors  found  upon  this  continent  when  they 
first  settled  upon  it. 

We  will  also  observe  here  that  there  were  even 
at  that  time  two  groups  of  hybrids  on  the  conti- 
nent: one  was  the  Aztecs  of  Mexico,  and  the  other 
the  Incas'  families  of  Peru,  which  we  will  also  speak 
of  more  fully  in  another  chapter.  Still  we  want 
the  reader  to  understand  that  in  speaking  of  the 
Indian  tribes  we  have  no  reference  to  the  Mexican 
Aztecs  nor  Peruvian  Incas. 

When  God  determined  to  compose  the  different 
species  of  Indians,  he  considered  the  kind  of  con- 
stitution that  each  species  would  require  to  live  in 
the  different  climates ;  and  when  he  composed  the 
Esquimaux  to  live  in  the  frigid  zone,  he  made  just 
such  an  arrangement  of  the  simple  elements  of  fi- 
nite spirit,  forces  of  animal  growth,  and  celestial 
substance,  in  composing  the  souls  of  the  first  pair 
of  Esquimaux,  as  would  make  their  chief  desire  and 
greatest  enjoyment  of  life  a  snow  igloo  with  a 
bench  of  snow  inside  of  it  for  a  bed,  their  chief 
glory  as  a  habitation ;  a  stone  pot  their  only  cook- 


244  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

4 

ing  utensil  and  article  of  household  furniture;  a 
garment  of  seal  or  bear  skin  and  a  blanket  of  the 
same  material  on  top  of  their  snow  bed  the  end  of 
their  desire  for  clothing;  and  plenty  of  seal,  fish, 
walrus,  and  bear  meat  the  only  food  their  appe- 
tites craved:  and  that  was  their  eden,  and  there 
was  where  God  placed,  their  prototype  in  the  day 
that  he  composed  them,  male  and  female  created 
he  them,  and  placed  them  in  that  region  of  per- 
petual snow  and  ice,  by  the  side  of  the  sea-shore, 
where  there  was  plenty  of  walrus,  fish,  and  seal; 
where  they  built  their  igloo  of  snow,  just  like  the  ig- 
loo which  Mr.  Hall  slept  in  and  feasted  on  raw  seal 
entrails  and  excrement,  as  the  present  crow  builds 
his  nest  like  the  nest  which  the  first  crow  built. 

Every  species  of  animal  live  in  a  climate  most  con- 
genial to  themselves,  and  emigrate  till  they  find  it, 
and  there  they  settle  and  remain.  Some  emigrate 
to  keep  up  an  even  temperature  the  year  round. 
Cuckoos,  for  instance,  emigrate  to  keep  as  near 
as  possible  in  perpetual  spring,  and  do  not  re- 
main long  enough  in  any  one  place  to  hatch  and 
raise  their  young,  but  resort  to  strategy  to  per- 
petuate their  species,  in  doing  which  they  rob  some 
other  bird's  nest  by  eating  one  of  their  eggs,  shell 
and  all,  to  secrete  the  theft,  and  lay  one  of  their 
eggs  in  its  place,  till  their  litter  is  completed,  and 
trust  the  raising  of  their  brood  to  an  adopted  moth- 
er nurse  thus  fraudulently  obtained,  and  take  their 
departure  to  follow  up  the  early  blossoms  of  spring. 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          245 

The  bloom  of  the  early  pea  is  the  signal  for  their 
departure  to  a  more  northerly  climate. 

The  wild  geese,  too,  emigrate  to  the  extreme 
north  to  spend  the  summer,  where  they  can  keep 
in  sight  of  snow  mountains,  to  raise  their  young 
in  a  climate  congenial  to  them,  and  to  the  south 
to  spend  the  winter,  not  however  so  far  as  to  be 
out  of  the  view  of  snow  surroundings.  They  are 
a  winter  bird,  and  use  their  strong  wings  to  keep 
them  within  the  environments  of  frosty  nights, 
cold  storms.,  and  more  or  less  snow.  So  also  every 
quadruped  and  biped  seeks  and  finds  the  climate 
congenial  to  its  nature,  and  that  is  its  eden,  and 
there  it  works  out  its  destiny  of  life  and  repeats 
by  propagation  the  spiritual  pattern  of  its  proto- 
type, till  the  earthly  dross  of  its  body  is  exhausted 
and  it  dies,  and  God  directs  its  course  to  its  ever- 
lasting celestial  home. 

Therefore  we  know  with  absolute  certainty  that 
every  species  of  wild  animal  lives  in  just  the  cli- 
mate and  exact  habitation  and  mood  of  life  which 
God  composed  them  to  live  in ;  and  he  who  takes 
them  out  of  it  and  compels  them  to  live  in  another 
climate,  feed  on  other  food,  environed  by  different 
circumstances  than  those  which  they  choose  for 
themselves  when  free  to  act  in  accordance  with 
their  own  intuitive  desire,  sins  against  them  and 
rebels  against  the  designs  of  the  Almighty,  who 
will  bring  him  to  suffer,  sooner  or  later,  all  that 
he  has  caused  those  animals  to  suffer. 


246  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

Consequently  the  Esquimau  now  lives  where 
he  should  live  and  as  he  should  live,  and  just 
where  and  as  God  designed  him  to  live;  and  he 
who  would  compel  him  to  live  differently  sins 
against  God's  law  and  persecutes  the  Esquimau. 
And  he  is  endowed  with  just  the  degree  of  intelli- 
gence to  make  his  igloo,  stone  kettle,  and  skin 
garments  his  eden,  in  the  enjoyment  of  which  he 
grins,  laughs,  and  grows  fat,  and  his  cornucopia 
of  enjoyment  is  full  and  running  over.  And  pre- 
cisely the  same  rule  applies  to  the  tribes  of  Indians 
who  live  south  of  them,  partly  in  the  frigid  and 
partly  in  the  temperate  zone.  They  were  com- 
posed by  just  such  a  change  in  the  arrangement 
of  the  simple  elements  of  spirit,  force,  and  sub- 
stance as  fixes  their  status  in  that  climate  and 
makes  that  their  eden  home,  and  there  is  where 
God  placed  the  first  pair,  both  of  the  burrowers 
and  of  the  wigwam  species;  and  when  the  bur- 
rowers  have  completed  their  excavation,  and  the 
others  constructed  their  wigwam,  and  both  have 
constructed  their  willow  baskets,  bows  and  ar- 
rows, and  a  canoe  or  two  for  the  tribe,  and  a  stone 
hatchet,  their  cornucopia  is  just  as  running  over 
full  of  enjoyment  as  their  neighbors,  the  Esqui- 
maux are  in  their  ice-bound  environments. 

So  also  were  the  tribes  of  the  southern  portion 
of  the  temperate  zone  composed  by  such  a  change 
in  the  arrangement  of  the  simple  elements  of  finite 
spirit,  forces  of  animal  growth,  and  substance,  iu 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTII.          247 

composing  the  spiritual  pattern  of  the  soul  of  their 
prototype,  as  gave  them  a  larger  and  more  active 
personification  of  the  savage  tribes,  and  a  consti- 
tutional ability  to  stand  even  the  rigor  of  the 
winters  of  that  climate,  without  even  a  garment 
of  skins,  other  than  that  which  God  has  given 
them,  and  just  the  degree  of  intelligence  which 
filled  their  cup  of  joy  to  overflowing  in  the  simple 
wild  beastly  life  which  they  were  living  when  our 
forefathers  first  settled  upon  this  continent,  and 
in  which  every  thorough-bred  Indian  is  living  at 
the  present  time,  notwithstanding  all  the  misspent 
efforts  of  missionaries  and  government  appropria- 
tions to  induce  them  to  live  in  subordination  to  the 
laws  of  civilization.  Their  ways  are  not  our  ways, 
neither  are  our  ways  agreeable  to  them.  A  life 
of  civilization  is  just  as  abhorrent  to  them  as  the 
wild  savage  life  they  lead  is  to  us.  Nothing  but 
force  could  compel  us  to  live  the  naked,  exposed, 
beastly  life  that  they  lead,  which  would  extermi- 
nate us  as  rapidly  as  civilization  has  them.  Noth- 
ing but  force  can  compel  them  to  live  in  a  mood 
of  civilization ;  and  an  experiment  of  some  three 
hundred  years  shows  that  to  attempt  to  live  it  is 
the  death  of  them. 

The  Indians  found  by  the  puritans  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  between  ten  and  fifty 
degrees  of  north  latitude,  were  the  largest  and 
most  savage  specimens  of  the  Indian  group,  who, 
on  comparison  with  the  Digger  Indians,  burrow- 


248  SCIENCE  OP  INTELLIGENCE. 

ers,  and  Esquimaux,  bear  about  the  same  compar- 
ative resemblance  that  the  large  brown  wolves 
among  which  they  dwell  do  to  the  small  prairie 
wolves. 

Their  inventive  working  intelligence,  however, 
is  on  the  same  key,  and  their  mood  of  enjoyment 
is  as  similar  as  that  of  the  large  and  small  wolf. 
When  a  young  Indian  has  got  his  bow  and  arrow 
he  is  happy ;  and  when  he  chooses  his  mate,  their 
first  work  is  to  construct  their  wigwam,  and  she 
her  willow  basket,  and  their  eden  is  complete — 
they  desire  nothing  more.  Their  fire  is  built  in 
the  center  of  the  wigwam,  the  hole  in  the  top  con- 
stitutes the  chimney,  and  as  naked  as  they  came 
into  the  world  they  sit  and  lie  about  it  on  the  bare 
ground,  tearing  to  pieces  the  flesh  of  the  animals 
on  which  they  feed  with  their  teeth  and  fingers. 
Their  chemuck  consists  of  pounded  grass  seed, 
nuts  of  various  kinds,  wet  up  into  a  sort  of  pot- 
tage in  their  willow  baskets,  and  warmed  by 
plunging  hot  stones  into  it,  around  which  they  all 
sit  in  the  dirt  and  scoop  it  out  with  their  fingers. 
Some  of  these  tribes  who  lived  near  very  rich  river 
bottoms,  where  Indian  corn  would  grow  by  punch- 
ing a  hole  in  the  ground  with  a  sharp  stick  or 
stone,  and  dropping  a  few  kernels  of  corn  into  it, 
with  no  other  culture  or  tillage  than  stepping  on 
the  hill  to  cover  the  seed,  and  gathering  the  nub- 
bins in  the  fall  and  burying  them  in  the  ground 
to  hide  them  from  the  squirrels  and  other  wild 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  249 

beasts  which  claimed  an  equal  right  to  the  prod- 
ucts of  the  soil,  substituted  mouldy  corn  for  nuts 
in  their  chemuck. 

The  only  knife  or  cutting  instrument  which 
they  had  any  knowledge  of  was  composed  of  flint 
or  other  hard  stone.  Their  intelligence  did  not 
soar  into  the  metal  kingdom,  neither  was  there 
any  workers  in  brass  and  iron  among  them.  A 
wigwam  dweller  in  the  wilderness — a  naked 
wild  beast — whose  inventive  working  intelligence 
barely  reached  an  octave  above  the  baboon  in  the 
universal  drama  of  animal  life,  still  they  consti- 
tute the  highest  grade  of  intelligence  in  the  ani- 
mal kingdom  below  the  family  of  man. 

The  first  pair  of  these  Indians  which  God  com- 
posed and  placed  in  the  country  in  which  they 
now  dwell  built  their  wigwam  exactly  as  the 
present  Indian  builds  his ;  made  their  willow  bas- 
ket, bow  and  arrow,  stone  instruments,  canoe,  and 
bone  spear,  which  completed  their  destined  work, 
and  they  were  as  happy  as  a  chimpanzee  in  his 
brush  hut  or  a  monkey  on  his  platform  of  woven 
branches  in  a  tree  top.  And  their  whole  race  has 
repeated  the  same  specific  work  as  constantly  as 
they  have  the  spiritual  pattern  of  their  souls. 

Therefore,  when  our  pilgrim  ancestors  disem- 
barked at  Plymouth  and  looked  upon  the  Indian 
dwellers  in  that  wilderness,  and  the  wigwams, 
baskets,  bows  and  arrows,  stone  cutting  instru- 
ments, canoes,  bone  spears,  and  little  piles  of 


250  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

mouldy  corn  and  acorns  buried  in  the  ground,  they 
saw  a  photograph  of  the  first  family  of  that  spe- 
cies as  their  Creator  had  composed  them,  and  in 
their  moods  the  exact  mode  in  which  the  first 
family  worked  out  their  destiny.  The  upright 
poles  of  their  wigwams  were  of  the  same  length 
and  the  same  in  number,  and  the  diameter  of 
the  circle  at  the  bottom  and  top  was  precisely  the 
same  to  an  inch,  and  each  strip  of  bark  was  laid 
on  in  the  same  way,  or  if  covered  with  skins,  the 
seams  all  ran  in  the  same  direction  ;  their  willow 
baskets  were  precisely  of  the  same  pattern  to  the 
precise  number  of  warp  ribs  and  weaving  of  each 
strand ;  their  bows  were  the  same  length  and  the 
sinews  laid  upon  the  back  of  them  the  same  thick- 
ness, and  their  arrows  had  the  same  feather  on 
the  hind  end  and  the  same  flint  dagger  on  the 
forward  point  of  it;  their  stone  cutting  instru- 
ments were  the  same ;  and  their  canoes  were  of  the 
same  pattern,  because  their  inventive  capacity  for 
manufacturing  was  limited  to  that  precise  number, 
and  the  pattern  of  them  was  as  intuitively  fixed 
in  their  mind  as  the  form  of  a  card  of  honey-comb 
is  in  the  mind  of  a  bee.  Take  two  young  Indians 
(a  male  and  female)  from  their  mother's  breast 
on  to  a  lone  island,  nurse  them  at  a  woman's 
breast  and  under  her  care  till  they  are  old  enough 
to  gather  for  themselves,  and  leave  them  there, 
and  they  will  build  just  such  a  wigwam,  and 
make  just  such  a  basket,  bow  and  arrow,  stone 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  251 

cutting  instrument,  bark  canoe,  and  bone  spear, 
and  there  their  work  would  end,  because  the  pat- 
terns of  those  things  are  indelibly  photographed 
in  their  minds  by  the  spiritual  pattern  of  the  soul, 
beyond  which  they  have  no  desire.  If  they  had 
they  would  make  it,  for  they  are  just  as  capable 
of  making  anything  else  as  they  are  what  they 
have  made.  If  they  preferred  a  house  to  a  wig- 
wam, they  would  make  it;  if  they  needed  cloth- 
ing, they  would  manufacture  it;  if  they  needed 
such  food  as  tillage  alone  can  produce,  they  cer- 
tainly would  produce  it;  for  they  are  just  as  capa- 
ble of  tilling  the  earth,  as  far  as  physica\  ability 
is  concerned,  as  we  are. 

Let  him  who  says  it  is  because  they  have  not 
been  taught,  and  man  does  it  because  he  has  been 
taught,  bear  in  mind  that  man  has  never  had 
any  teacher  but  his  own  soul,  no  instructor  but 
the  spirit  which  God  gave  him ;  yet  the  very  first 
pair  commenced  the  work  of  civilization  just  as 
intuitively  as  the  first  pair  of  Indians  made  their 
wigwam  and  continued  to  live  a  wild  beastly  life. 
Adam  was  a  gardener,  Eve  a  maker  of  garments, 
Cain  was  a  tiller  of  the  earth,  and  Abel  a  keeper 
of  sheep:  three  occupations  which  no  thorough- 
bred Indian  has  followed  from  the  day  that  God 
made  them  to  the  present  time.  The  fact  is  the 
Indian  is  so  composed  that  his  wants  are  exceed- 
ingly few,  and  these  he  supplies  when  the  means 
can  be  gathered  at  the  table  of  nature,  arid  his  aim- 


252  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

pie  habitation  and  other  domestic  appurtenances 
are  quickly  supplied,  and  he  is  happy  in  his  wild 
simple  eden ;  whereas  man  was  so  composed  that 
his  wants  are  infinite,  and  he  is  in  an  everlasting 
excitement,  vainly  endeavoring  to  supply  them, 
without  the  slightest  possible  chance  of  ever  suc- 
ceeding. The  Indian  builds  his  wigwam  and  a  few 
other  appurtenances,  and  his  soul  is  at  rest.  Man 
completes  his  marble  residence,  and  he  sighs  for  one 
constructed  of  silver;  give  him  a  silver  mansion, 
and  he  will  pine  for  a  gold  palace;  that  finished, 
and  he  will  weep  for  one  composed  of  diamonds 
and  other  precious  stones.  The  Indian  gathers 
a  full  meal  at  the  table  of  nature  and  feasts  for 
a  day,  then  fasts  for  a  week  without  any  incon- 
venience, and  then  goes  out  and  gathers  again. 
Man  must  have  his  three  regular  meals  a  day, 
works  incessantly  the  year  round  to  fill  his  gar- 
ner, and  still  is  in  great  fear  least  famine  and 
starvation  will  overtake  him :  the  reason  of  which 
is  an  equivalent  difference  in  the  arrangement  of 
the  same  simple  elements  in  composing  the  spir- 
itual pattern  of  the  soul  of  each  species,  which  no 
power  on  earth  or  in  heaven,  save  God  himself, 
can  ever  change  or  alter.  The  Indian  races  are 
destined  to  live  and  enjoy  their  wild  beastly  mode 
of  life,  and  do  enjoy  it,  with  more  contentment 
than  man  does  or  ever  will  in  his  ceaseless  strug- 
gle to  learn  all  that  God  knows,  and  vain  effort 
to  become  equal  with  him  in  knowledge. 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          253 

It  will  be  well  for  the  reader  to  bear  in  mind 
that  the  constitutional  necessity,  internal  wants, 
intuitive  desires,  and  intellectual  capacity  limit 
the  spontaneous  actions  of  all  the  Indian  tribes, 
in  the  way  of  building  and  manufacturing,  to  an 
igloo  built  of  snow,  with  a  bank  of  snow  for  a 
bed,  or  a  burrow  under  the  ground  or  a  wigwam 
for  a  habitation ;  a  stone  pot  or  willow  basket  as 
furniture  for  that  habitation;  a  bow  and  arrow 
and  bone  spear  as  weapons  for  capturing  their 
fish  and  game;  a  hatchet  and  knives  made  of 
stone ;  garments  made  of  the  skins  of  beasts ;  and 
a  bark  canoe  as  a  useful  implement,  household 
furniture,  and  articles  of  apparel,  besides  which 
they  make  sundry  ornaments  for  their  bodies, 
such  as  bone  rings  for  the  nose  and  ears,  and 
strings  of  bone  beads  and  teeth  of  various  animals 
and  shells  of  fish  to  wear  about  the  neck  and 
adorn  other  portions  of  their  naked  bodies.  They 
also  make  an  elder  whistle,  with  which  they 
squeak  time  to  a  kind  of  gutteral  grunt  and  sing- 
song chorus,  somewhat  resembling  the  purring 
of  a  cat,  together  with  an  intermittent  pounding 
on  an  un tanned  hide  stretched  over  a  hoop,  which 
constitutes  the  music  to  which  they  dance  both 
their  war  dances  and  religious  worship.  And  their 
only  attempt  at  farming  is  to  punch  a  little  hole  in 
some  rich  sandy  loam,  drop  a  few  kernels  of  corn 
into  the  hole,  cover  it  with  the  foot,  and  leave  it 
to  shift  for  itself  till  fall,  and  then  go  and  gather 


254  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

what  few  nubbins  there  may  be  on  it.  With 
this  exception  their  subsistence  is  gathered  from 
the  table  of  nature.  At  the  time  of  the  discovery 
of  this  continent  there  were  at  least  twenty  thou- 
sand acres  of  land  for  every  Indian  that  was  on  it. 
Still  they  had  increased  to  the  fullest  extent  that 
they  could  while  feeding  at  the  table  of  nature. 
Without  tillage  the  earth  produces  nothing  that 
man  can  subsist  on,  and  very  little  that  Indian 
tribes  or  any  other  beast  can  subsist  on.  Conse- 
quently the  country  was  as  sparsely  settled  by 
Indians  as  other  beasts  when  it  was  discovered  by 
man,  notwithstanding  they  had  the  entire  control 
of  the  country  for  about  four  thousand  years,  un- 
influenced by  man,  with  a  full  and  free  opportunity 
to  develop  its  resources,  without  ever  having  made 
the  slightest  effort  in  that  direction ;  during  which 
time  they  had  partaken  of  what  the  earth  was  able 
to  produce  for  their  sustenance,  without  replenish- 
ing or  tillage,  with  thanksgiving.  When  there 
was  a  succession  of  plentiful  years  of  wild  fruits, 
nuts,  and  seeds,  there  was  a  slight  increase  in 
their  number ;  but  when  the  barren  years  came, 
they  died  of  starvation,  without  ever  dreaming 
that  they  could  increase  the  products  of  the  earth 
by  replenishing,  or  provide  more  abundantly  for 
the  increase  of  their  posterity  by  tillage. 

Thus,  while  these  wild  beastly  bipeds  required 
twenty  thousand  acres  to  support  one  Indian,  the 
Chinese,  Japanese,  and  some  other  Asiatic  nations 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OP  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          255 

were  supporting  an  average  of  from  ten  to  twenty, 
B&y  an  average  of  fifteen,  persons  for  every  square 
acre  they  tilled  for  food,  and  they  had  lived  just 
as  isolated  from  the  Europeans  as  the  Indians 
had:  so  that  they  never  had  any  instructor  but 
their  own  souls,  no  teacher  but  the  spirit  which 
God  gave  them,  yet  they  supported  a  population 
of  about  three  hundred  thousand  on  the  same 
number  of  square  acres,  by  replenishing  and  til- 
lage, that  it  takes  to  feed  one  Indian  without; 
and  they  sustained  a  far  greater  number  of  domes- 
tic animals  than  there  were  wild  beasts  feeding 
in  common  with  the  Indians. 

Moses  is  supposed  to  have  copied  the  following 
record  from  Adam's  diary,  that  after  every  living 
creature  on  the  face  of  the  earth  had  been  com- 
posed and  provided  for,  God  looked  over  it  all  and 
saw  that  it  was  very  good:  "and  there  was  not  a 
man  to  till  the  ground.  So  God  created  man 
in  his  own  image,  in  the  image  of  God  created 
he  him;  male  and  female  created  he  them.  And 
God  blessed  them,  and  God  said  unto  them,  Be 
fruitful  and  multiply,  and  replenish  the  earth, 
and  subdue  it:  and  have  dominion  over  the  fish 
of  the  sea,  and  over  the  fowl  of  the  air,  and 
over  every  living  thing  that  moveth  upon  the 
earth." 

Thus  we  have  the  key-note  on  which  the  intel- 
ligence of  man  was  pitched  and  his  nervous  system 
tuned,  and  that  was  dominion,  replenishing,  and 


250  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

tillage:  all  of  which  Adam  and  his  family  be- 
gan to  do  just  as  intuitively  as  the  Indian  races 
made  their  wigwams  and  did  their  other  little 
work,  which  no  branch  of  their  families  has  ever 
ceased  to  do  since  Adam  and  his  sons  commenced 
it ;  neither  has  any  Indian  family  ever  commenced 
to  do  any  of  that  work,  neither  will  they  ever  be 
induced  to  do  it  except  by  force,  because  it  is  en- 
tirely outside  of  the  circle  of  their  intelligence, 
wants  and  necessities.  And  two  hundred  years  of 
vain  effort  and  a  useless  expenditure  of  hundreds 
of  millions  of  dollars  for  the  support  of  mission- 
aries, Indian  agents,  and  feeding  those  wild 
beasts,  and  making  them  presents  of  blankets  and 
trinkets  which  they  have  no  use  for,  to  say  noth- 
ing of  the  expense  of  supporting  an  army  on  the 
frontier  to  prevent  their  murdering  and  scalping 
defenceless  women  and  children  with  their  hatch- 
ets hid  under  blankets,  both  of  which  were  given 
to  them  by  the  Government,  ought  to  satisfy  the 
most  philanthropic  Indian  worshiper  that  they 
are  an  inveterate  wild  beast,  untamable,  except 
per  force  of  bit  and  spur,  and  that  the  only  true 
policy  of  dealing  with  them  is  to  make  them  an- 
swer life  for  life,  for  every  murder  perpetrated  by 
them.  Point  out  to  them  reservations  of  wild  land, 
while  there  is  any  that  can  be  spared  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  say  to  them,  within  these  limits  you 
shall  be  protected,  and  there  you  must  make  your 
own  living,  and  if  ever  you  leave  that  reservation 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          257 

you  are  dead  Indians.  Everybody  that  meets  you 
shall  kill  you,  and  see  that  it  is  executed. 

God  never  designed  that  the  earth  should  re- 
main a  wilderness  for  wild  beasts  to  feed  upon,  at 
the  rate  of  twenty  thousand  square  acres  to  the 
individual.  That  would  be  a  slow  way  of  popu- 
lating universal  space  with  intelligent  souls. , 

God  gave  dominion  and  title  to  man  only  in 
consideration  for  replenishment  and  tillage. 
Therefore,  as  the  Indian  has  never  done  either, 
and  has  no  more  capacity  for  doing  them  than 
any  other  wild  beast,  consequently  he  has  no 
more  title  to  land  than  they,  and  when  man 
comes  and  requires  it  for  tillage,  he  must  fall 
back  and  keep  in  line  with  his  wild  beastly  as- 
sociates upon  the  wild  land.  Why  should  the 
products  of  the  calloused  hands  of  the  people  of 
the  United  States  be  taxed  ten  millions  per  year 
to  feed  these  wild  beasts,  while  they  are  murder- 
ing and  scalping  the  border  settlers? 

We  have  deemed  it  necessary  to  deal  with  this 
subject  in  a  plain  straight-forward  manner,  in 
order  to  correct,  if  possible,  some  gross  errors 
which  have  grown  out  of  the  absurd  idea  of  the 
brotherhood  of  Indians  with  men,  which  has  led 
to  a  vitiating  policy  on  the  part  of  the  govern- 
ment in  dealing  with  them,  which  has  caused  the 
most  barbarous  murders  of  thousands  of  defence- 
less settlers  on  the  frontier,  for  which  the  gov- 
ernment has  paid  them  in  food  and  clothing, 
17  w* 


258  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

backed  up  by  a  false  philanthropic  cry  of  a  peo- 
ple and  press  who  have  the  Rocky  mountains  be- 
tween them,  their  wives  and  children,  and  the 
scalping  knives  of  Lo!  the  poor  Indian,  which 
has  rilled  their  bosoms  of  compassion  so  full,  that 
they  have  neither  eyes  nor  ears  for  the  cry  of  the 
starving  poor  of  their  own  brethren,  among  whom 
are  thousands  of  widows  and  orphan  children  of 
soldiers  killed  in  the  late  war,  defending  the  life 
of  the  government,  and  go  on  appropriating  from 
year  to  year  $10,000,000  to  feed  these  murdering 
savages,  who  never  did  a  day's  work  in  the  way 
of  civilization  in  their  lives,  and  concerning 
whom  these  fulsome  philanthropists  know  no 
more  about  their  treacherous  murdering  disposi- 
tion than  they  do  of  the  material  of  which  ^e 
moon  is  composed. 

The  Indian  races  have  no  regard  for  any  other 
species  of  animal  save  their  own,  and  suppose  they 
have  just  the  same  right  to  kill  men,  women,  and 
children  that  they  have  to  kill  any  other  animal. 
That,  too,  is  all  right  as  between  wild  beasts — 
each  animal  has  to  look  out  for  itself;  and  if  one 
has  the  temerity  to  expose  itself  to  the  mercy  of 
its  carniverous  neighbor  of  another  species  which 
is  in  a  hungry  mood,  he  is  sure  to  be  gobbled  up. 
Therefore,  among  all  carniverous  beasts  treachery 
and  strategy  are  their  greatest  virtues,  as  they  are 
their  only  means  of  obtaining  their  necessary  food, 
and  extreme  caution  and  constant  vigilance  are  the 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          259 

price  of  their  lives:  all  of  which  the  Indian  races 
are  abundantly  supplied  with  in  the  composition 
of  the  spiritual  pattern  of  their  souls,  which  is  all 
right  and  proper  as  between  them  and  other  car- 
niverous  wild  beasts.  But  for  the  government  of 
the  United  States  to  send  out  a  peace  commission, 
after  the  Indians  have  been  exercising  their  wild 
propensities  by  murdering,  scalping,  and  robbing 
the  frontier  settlers — to  make  them  presents  and 
hire  them  not  to  do  the  like  again — is  not  only  a 
great  blunder,  but  an  outrage  on  the  frontier  set- 
tlers ;  for  it  actually  amounts  to  a  premium  to 
repeat  it.  As  well  might  the  herdsman  feed  the 
wolves  that  kill  his  sheep.  The  only  effect  would 
be  to  call  all  the  wolves  in  the  country  to  his 
flock ;  and  the  more  he  fed  them  the  more  they 
would  kill,  till  his  last  sheep  was  devoured.  Just 
so  it  is  with  the  policy  which  the  government  has 
pursued  with  the  Indians.  They  say,  we  got 
well  paid  for  that  last  massacre:  next  time  we 
must  kill  more,  and  they  will  pay  us  more.  Both 
the  wolf  and  the  Indian  believe  that  they  have  a 
right  to  kill  and  eat  any  animal  not  of  their  own 
species;  and  so  they  have  of  the  races  of  wild 
beasts,  but  not  of  the  family  of  man  or  his  domes- 
tic animals.  Admit  that  as  to  themselves  it  is 
right:  whenever  they  do  it  man  has  the  undoubted 
right  of  dominion  to  subjugate  them,  and  compel 
them  to  live  in  subordination  to  the  laws  of  civili- 
zation, or  kill  them  and  put  a  stop  to  their  depre- 


260  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

dations.  Absolute  fear  of  condign  punishment  is 
the  only  policy  that  will  ever  protect  the  frontier 
settlers  from  the  scalping  knife  of  the  Indian,  or 
their  flocks  from  the  depredations  of  Indians, 
wolves,  and  bears.  Among  themselves  all  wild 
beasts  have  an  undoubted  right  to  exercise  all 
their  propensities,  which  never  instigate  them  to 
kill  except  for  food,  and  only  to  the  extent  of  sup- 
plying the  present  want.  Their  resources  for 
food  are  the  carcasses  of  other  species  which  dwell 
among  them,  and  they  have  sense  enough  to  know 
that,  if  they  allow  the  carcasses  of  the  animals 
they  have  killed  to  go  to  waste,  their  supply  of 
food  would  soon  run  out. 

It  is  not  in  the  nature  of  an  Indian  to  let  the 
carcass  of  the  animal  he  has  killed  go  to  waste ; 
and  the  only  reason  why  he  does  kill  men,  women, 
and  children  in  time  of  peace  is  because  the  gov- 
ernment pays  him  for  doing  it;  and  whenever 
his  supplies  get  short,  he  goes  out  on  a  massa- 
cring raid,  in  order  to  make  the  government 
come  out  with  another  payment. 

Those  who  have  carefully  followed  the  inves- 
tigation of  this  group  of  bipeds  through  the 
foregoing  chapter  will  readily  understand  the 
arrangement  of  key-notes  in  the  following  scale, 
appropriated  to  the  part  called  soprano  in  the 
tune  of  universal  harmony,  as  acted  and  sung  by 
them  in  the  combined  concert  of  the  animal  king- 
dom: 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH. 


261 


The  above  scale  simply  represents  the  rise  and 
fall  of  the  degrees  of  intelligence  in  regular  toned 
grade,  from  the  baboon  to  the  Indian  tribes,  each 
of  which  is  just  as  estimable  in  the  opinion  of 
the  Creator  as  the  other,  and  each  acts  its  part 
in  the  drama  of  life  just  as  acceptably  as  the  other, 
and  with  equal  satisfaction  to  themselves.  The 
attentive  reader  will  also  readily  understand  the 
following  arrangement  of  all  the  parts  in  the 
universal  opera  of  intelligent  praise  and  thanks- 
giving to  God  their  Creator  for  composing  their 
spiritual  patterns  with  a  degree  of  intelligence, 
joy,  reasoning  capacity,  and  knowledge  of  their 
own  thoughts  and  wants,  and  ability  to  supply 
them : 


CONTRALTO. 


262 


SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


;- 


[TON 


BARITONE. 


SUB  BASS, 

*  *  *  The  above  piece  represents  the  seven  groups 
into  which  the  animal  kingdom  is  naturally  di- 
vided, comprehending  every  species  of  animal, 
from  the  lowest  type  of  animalcule  to  the  highest 
type  of  Indian,  which  constitutes  a  perfect  anthem 
of  praise  and  thanksgiving  to  God,  in  which  there 
is  no  discord  nor  a  note  of  specific  intelligence  left 
out,  which  can  be  performed  either  by  singing  or 
acting  without  a  discord ;  i.  e.,  there  is  not  a  sin- 
gle species  left  out  of  that  chain  of  animal  life 
between  the  intelligence  of  the  highest  grade  of 
Indians  and  the  lowest  grade  of  animalculas  which 
any  change  in  the  simple  elements  of  soul  could 
possibly  produce.  Consequently  no  new  species 


.SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          263 

could  possibly  be  produced  by  any  process  of  amal- 
gamation man  can  instigate  among  them.  And 
he  who  attempts  to  experiment  in  that  line  should 
remember  that  God  hath  co  nmanded  the  judges 
of  the  people  to  cause  him  to  be  stoned  to  death, 
and  the  final  judgment  is  unquestionably  annihi- 
lation. For  why  should  God  command  the  judges 
to  use  their  authority  to  cut  him  off  from  the  joys 
of  this  life,  unless  he  intends  to  use  his  omnipotent 
authority  and  decompose  his  soul  back  to  its  na- 
tive elements  and  cut  him  off  from  the  joys  of  the 
next?  At  all  events,  he  who  produces  a  discord 
in  the  animal  kingdom  by  perpetrating  amalga- 
mation himself,  or  causes  any  other  animals  to  do 
it,  takes  big  chances  in  annihilation;  he  sins 
against  the  Holy  Spirit,  by  polluting  the  souls 
which  it  made  perfect  after  its  kind,  filling  a  note 
in  the  scale  of  intelligent  harmony,  and  produces 
a  beastly  abortion,  a  diabolical  discord  in  the  in- 
tellectual harmony  of  the  animal  kingdom.  And 
Christ  testified  that  said  sin  against  the  Holy 
Ghost  should  not  be  forgiven,  neither  in  this  world 
nor  that  which  is  to  come ;  and  God  hath  declared 
that  he  shall  suddenly  be  destroyed,  and  that  with- 
out remedy.  The  man  who  imprisons  his  offspring 
in  the  carcass  of  an  Indian  or  negro,  by  copulat- 
ing with  a  squaw  or  negro  wench,  ought  to  be 
annihilated  and  cut  off  from  all  enjoyment,  both 
in  this  world  and  that  which  is  to  come;  and  we 
have  no  doubt  that  is  his  final  doom.  No  man 


264  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

can  imagine  the  anguish  of  that  hybrid  offspring 
in  this  life,  whatever  its  doom  may  be  in  the  next. 
We  see  many  things  in  this  kingdom  of  animal 
life  which  to  us  appear  to  be  a  discord :  as,  for  in- 
stance, one  species  feeding  upon  another  species; 
but  we  must  bear  in  mind  that  this  earth  is  only 
the  breeding  matrix  of  nature,  where  souls  are 
composed;  the  great  womb  of  animal  formation, 
in  which  the  great  destiny  of  each  species  in  this 
whole  chain  of  animals,  from  the  Indian  to  the 
animalcule,  is  to  propagate  and  increase  the  num- 
bers of  its  own  race  in  the  spiritual  pattern  of  its 
prototype  for  the  population  of  its  own  sphere 
among  the  heavenly  planets,  where  they  can  har- 
moniously perform  their  part  in  the  great  anthem 
of  praise  and  thanksgiving  to  God,  and  fill  their 
own  sphere  with  intelligent  joy,  in  doing  which 
there  is  a  necessary  scramble  for  sustenance  to 
feed  themselves  and  their  little  families  during 
this  copulating  period,  not  only  between  species. 
but  also  between  individual  families  of  the  same 
species,  each  gathering  for  its  own  little  household. 
Therefore  it  is  not  expected  that  all  the  parts  of 
this  universal  anthem  are  to  be  brought  into  per- 
fect harmony  of  tone  in  this  life.  Not  until  they 
have  been  extracted  from  the  sandy  mold  in  which 
their  souls  are  necessarily  cast ;  not  until  they  have 
escaped  from  the  copulating  dross  of  the  terrestrial 
matter  in  which  their  souls  are  composed,  an  I 
they  have  joined  the  beatific  souls  of  their  ances- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.  265 

tors  in  their  heavenly  sphere,  will  they  be  able  to 
act  their  parts  in  the  anthem  in  perfect  chord  with 
all  the  parts ;  not  until  they  have  attained  to  that 
beatified  state  of  enjoyment,  freed  from  all  propa- 
gating selfishness,  which  is  so  indispensably  nec- 
essary for  the  support  of  a  family,  will  they  be 
able  to  join  in  unbroken  harmony  in  singing  the 
everlasting  anthem  of  praise  to  God  for  his  great 
mercy  and  goodness,  for  composing  their  souls  to 
enjoy  the  sphere  in  which  they  live  with  intelli- 
gent gratitude  to  him,  and  beatific  joy  and  sen- 
sations of  pleasure  to  themselves. 

But  he  who  will  look  into  this  great  book  of 
animate  harmony,  and  read  the  everlasting  truths 
as  they  stand  recorded  there  in  characters  so  legi- 
ble and  language  so  plain,  that  even  a  child  who 
is  willing  to  be  taught  can  read  and  understand 
them,  will  not  see  as  much  discord  even  in  this 
self-sustaining  life  of  propagation  as  many  have 
vainly  imagined. 

From  the  Indian  to  the  animalcule  there  is  no 
war  of  races:  no  effort  to  extinguish  other  species 
for  self-aggrandizement.  They  all  dwell  harmo- 
niously together,  each  species  quietly  working  out 
its  own  destiny  of  propagation  in  accordance  with 
its  own  intuitive  idea.  If  there  are  some  carniv- 
ecous  species  whose  main  subsistence  is  the  car- 
casses of  other  species,  the  seizing  and  killing  is 
quietly  done,  and  only  to  the  extent  that  theii 
actual  necessities  require.  There  is  no  wanton 


2G6  SCIENCE  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

killing  for  the  sake  of  destroying  the  race;  they 
know  that  their  own  subsistence  depends  on  the 
successful  increase  of  the  species  on  which  they 
feed. 

The  hawk  does  not  seek  the  nest  of  its  victims 
and  devour  a  whole  brood  for  a  scantier  meal  than 
one  adult  would  make,  but  wisely  leaves  the 
young  to  attain  to  their  full  stature,  and  when 
their  meal-time  approaches  quietly  pounce  upon 
one'  that  is  full  grown,  make  their  meal  of  that, 
and  then  sail  round  in  common  concert,  with  a 
kind  of  patronizing  protective  influence  over  the 
young,  something  after  the  manner  of  a  shepherd 
tending  his  flocks,  who,  as  necessity  requires, 
occasionally  cuts  off  the  head  of  a  very  fat  one  to 
save  his  own  life.  The  cat  does  not  seek  out  the 
brooding  nest  and  make  half  of  a  meal  on  a  whole 
brood  of  sucklings,  but  lie*  in  wait' for  the  adult, 
quietly  seizes  him  and  makes  her  meal,  and  leaves 
the  young  to  acquire  their  full  stature.  The 
massive  anaconda  snake,  having  gorged  itself, 
lies  perfectly  docile  for  weeks,  during  which  time 
a  rabbit  could  shelter  itself  under  the  shadow  of 
its  huge  jaws  with  perfect  safety,  and  a  monkey 
play  all  sorts  of  fantastic  tricks  over  its  huge 
body  without  fear  of  molestation. 

If  the  lion  sounds  his  war-cry  when  in  great 
necessity  for  the  supply  of  his  family,  it  is  only 
for  one  victim  he  calls ;  and  having  set  the  fright- 
ened animals  in  motion,  he  sits  down  and  patient- 


SIMPLE  ELEMENTS  OF  ANIMAL  GROWTH.          2C7 

ly  watches  for  some  frightened  victim  to  rush 
within  his  grasp,  which  he  quickly  seizes,  bears  it 
to  his  family,  and  that  is  the  end  of  the  excitement 
till  another  meal  is  required.  No  hunting  for 
amusement  or  wanton  killing  for  waste ;  no  war 
for  the  extermination  of  an  inoffensive  race. 

We  also  find  it  recorded  in  this  natural  history 
that  the  grass-feeding  gramniverous  species  of 
animals  increase. from  ten  to  a  thousand  per  cent, 
more  rapidly  than  the  carniverous  species;  so 
that  with  all  this  feeding  upon  them,  they  will 
still  fill  their  heavenly  sphere  with  a  much  greater 
number  of  beatified  souls  than  the  carniverous 
species  can. 

Those  gramniverous,  rapidly-propagating  spe- 
cies arc  dull  of  comprehension,  slow  of  movement, 
and  compose  the  low  notes  in  the  scale  of  intelli- 
gent harmony ;  while  the  carniverous  species  are 
quick  of  apprehension,  strong,  fleet,  and  fill  up 
the  high-key  lines  of  intelligent  harmony  with 
just  the  proper  notes  to  perfect  the  anthem,  which 
could  not  be  produced  on  vegetable  food,  no  more 
than  a  high-toned  instrument  could  be  composed 
with  wires  made  of  lead.  These  low-toned  notes — 
gramniverous  rapidly-increasing  species — prepare 
and  refine  the  food  for  the  high-toned  notes.  Car- 
niverous species  are  slow  of  growth  and  limited  in 
propagating  capacity,  which  otherwise  could  not 
be  composed  at  all,  and  the  best  strains  of  the  an- 
them would  be  lacking;  so  that  what  at  first  sight 


268  SCIENCE  OP  INTELLIGENCE. 

appeared  to  our  uneducated  senses  to  be  a  discord, 
we  find  by  a  thorough  reading,  comparing,  and  a 
proper  understanding  of  the  truths  recorded  in 
that  book  of  omniscient  composing,  is  in  perfect 
concord  with  the  very  nature  of  things,  and  there- 
fore with  the  design  of  the  omniscient  composer. 
We  also  learn  from  this  infinite  book  of  God's 
handiwork,  that  the  souls  of  all  these  species,  in 
their  beatified  state,  lose  their  carniverous  propen- 
sities ;  that  souls  don't  eat  souls,  and  that  all  self- 
ish propensities  are  shed  off  with  the  dross  of  this 
propagating  body  of  terrestrial  matter,  and  that 
in  their  beatified  sphere  of  existence  all  the  spe- 
cies arrange  themselves  on  the  proper  line  of  the 
anthem,  and  each  individual  acts  and  sings  its 
part  in  perfect  harmony  of  praise  to  God  and  their 
own  beatitude. 


